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The Art of Balance: A RateupDB Experience of Building a CPU/GPU Hybrid Database Product

Summary: Industry experience report on RateupDB, a complete CPU/GPU HTAP product, emphasizing balanced OLTP/OLAP support, performance versus development productivity, and algorithm choices. Full-system TPC-H results demonstrate advantages over GPU DBMS alternatives. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
hce8e6ba00ed0881b
Venue
VLDB
Year
2021
Pagerank
6.782996e-05
Overall Rank
4,138 | 72.19%
DOI
10.14778/3476311.3476378
PDF
Download (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{lee_vldb21,
        title = {{The Art of Balance: A RateupDB Experience of Building a CPU/GPU Hybrid Database Product}},
        author = {Lee, Rubao and Zhou, Minghong and Li, Chi and Hu, Shenggang and Teng, Jianping and Li, Dongyang and Zhang, Xiaodong},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '21},
        volume = {14},
        number = {12},
        pages = {2999--3013},
        doi = {10.14778/3476311.3476378},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3476311.3476378},
        year = {2021}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 17 of 17 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2,460 Query Processing on Tensor Computation Runtimes 2022 VLDB 8.4308406e-05
3,337 The Composable Data Management System Manifesto 2023 VLDB 7.4077425e-05
3,628 Triton Join: Efficiently Scaling to a Large Join State on GPUs with Fast Interconnects 2022 SIGMOD 7.1490678e-05
3,779 HTAP Databases: What is New and What is Next 2022 SIGMOD 7.0234898e-05
6,153 Efficiently Processing Joins and Grouped Aggregations on GPUs 2025 SIGMOD 5.8669913e-05
7,528 Workload Placement on Heterogeneous CPU-GPU Systems 2024 VLDB 5.499936e-05
8,405 TOD: GPU-accelerated Outlier Detection via Tensor Operations 2023 VLDB 5.3370629e-05
8,813 Deploying Computational Storage for HTAP DBMSs Takes More Than Just Computation Offloading 2023 VLDB 5.270772e-05
10,795 MGI: A Communication Framework for Data Processing in Massive GPU Infrastructures 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
10,914 ZipFlow: a Compiler-based Framework to Unleash Compressed Data Movement for Modern GPUs 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
10,915 RayBooster: A Ray Tracing Engine to Accelerate SedonaDB 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
10,924 Reaching the Pinnacle of TPC-DS: Co-design of Architecture, Executor, and Storage in TDSQL 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
10,946 RayDB: Building Databases with Ray Tracing Cores 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
11,555 Database Native Model Selection: Harnessing Deep Neural Networks in Database Systems 2024 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
11,566 X-TED: Massive Parallelization of Tree Edit Distance 2024 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
11,573 Accelerating Merkle Patricia Trie with GPU 2024 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
11,656 High-Performance Spatial Data Analytics: Systematic R&D for Scale-Out and Scale-Up Solutions from the Past to Now 2024 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 52 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
6 Pig Latin: A Not-So-Foreign Language for Data Processing 2008 SIGMOD 0.0010515896
12 C-Store: A Column-oriented DBMS 2005 VLDB 0.0006897844
15 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00061067652
19 A Critique of ANSI SQL Isolation Levels 1995 SIGMOD 0.00058759613
27 Database Architecture Optimized for the New Bottleneck: Memory Access 1999 VLDB 0.00051576613
48 Weaving Relations for Cache Performance 2001 VLDB 0.00043795812
85 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00035876108
144 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.00029090793
178 The Vertica Analytic Database: C-Store 7 Years Later 2012 VLDB 0.00026620521
210 Sort vs. Hash Revisited: Fast Join Implementation on Modern Multi-Core CPUs 2009 VLDB 0.00024844328
234 TiDB: A Raft-based HTAP Database 2020 VLDB 0.00023756332
251 Multi-Core, Main-Memory Joins: Sort vs. Hash Revisited 2014 VLDB 0.00023136934
322 Tuning Database Configuration Parameters with iTuned 2009 VLDB 0.00021034201
331 Column-Stores vs. Row-Stores: How Different Are They Really? 2008 SIGMOD 0.0002076806
362 Design and Evaluation of Main Memory Hash Join Algorithms for Multi-core CPUs 2011 SIGMOD 0.00019999596
425 Massively Parallel Sort-Merge Joins in Main Memory Multi-Core Database Systems 2012 VLDB 0.00018485358
462 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.00017836105
555 SageDB: A Learned Database System 2019 CIDR 0.0001650754
575 Efficient Transaction Processing in SAP HANA Database – The End of a Column Store Myth 2012 SIGMOD 0.00016134406
616 Relational Joins on Graphics Processors 2008 SIGMOD 0.00015554627
635 ERMIA: Fast Memory-Optimized Database System for Heterogeneous Workloads 2016 SIGMOD 0.00015362118
723 Efficient Implementation of Sorting on Multi-Core SIMD CPU Architecture 2008 VLDB 0.00014507399
729 Anti-Caching: A New Approach to Database Management System Architecture 2013 VLDB 0.00014417679
775 The Yin and Yang of Processing Data Warehousing Queries on GPU Devices 2013 VLDB 0.0001407924
857 Hardware-Oblivious Parallelism for In-Memory Column-Stores 2013 VLDB 0.00013422539
1,242 BatchDB: Efficient Isolated Execution of Hybrid OLTP+OLAP Workloads for Interactive Applications 2017 SIGMOD 0.00011378275
1,269 A Study of the Fundamental Performance Characteristics of GPUs and CPUs for Database Analytics 2020 SIGMOD 0.00011254742
1,378 Execution Strategies for SQL Subqueries 2007 SIGMOD 0.00010859556
1,534 Pipelined Query Processing in Coprocessor Environments 2018 SIGMOD 0.00010327147
1,542 HippogriffDB: Balancing I/O and GPU Bandwidth in Big Data Analytics 2016 VLDB 0.0001030858
1,605 SkinnerDB: Regret-Bounded Query Evaluation via Reinforcement Learning 2019 SIGMOD 0.00010095581
2,109 Enhanced Subquery Optimizations in Oracle 2009 VLDB 9.0230202e-05
2,187 Database Compression on Graphics Processors 2010 VLDB 8.891124e-05
2,202 Mega-KV: A Case for GPUs to Maximize the Throughput of In-Memory Key-Value Stores 2015 VLDB 8.8707587e-05
2,466 Concurrent Analytical Query Processing with GPUs 2014 VLDB 8.4182778e-05
2,483 AnalyticDB: Real-time OLAP Database System at Alibaba Cloud 2019 VLDB 8.3973995e-05
2,487 A Memory Bandwidth-Efficient Hybrid Radix Sort on GPUs 2017 SIGMOD 8.3939994e-05
2,689 Major Technical Advancements in Apache Hive 2014 SIGMOD 8.1227087e-05
2,749 Hardware Acceleration in Commercial Databases: A Case Study of Spatial Operations 2004 VLDB 8.0571049e-05
2,887 Efficient Join Algorithms For Large Database Tables in a Multi-GPU Environment 2021 VLDB 7.9044174e-05
2,889 High-Throughput Transaction Executions on Graphics Processors 2011 VLDB 7.9034864e-05
2,907 Real-Time Distance-Based Outlier Detection in Data Streams 2021 VLDB 7.8732279e-05
3,266 BCC: Reducing False Aborts in Optimistic Concurrency Control with Low Cost for In-Memory Databases 2016 VLDB 7.4749205e-05
3,934 The Case For Heterogeneous HTAP 2017 CIDR 6.9145781e-05
3,962 Data-Parallel Query Processing on Non-Uniform Data 2020 VLDB 6.8916038e-05
4,647 Improving Execution Efficiency of Just-in-time Compilation based Query Processing on GPUs 2021 VLDB 6.4850635e-05
6,234 A GPU-friendly Geometric Data Model and Algebra for Spatial Queries 2020 SIGMOD 5.8409173e-05
6,293 Incorporating Super-Operators in Big-Data Query Optimizers 2020 VLDB 5.8195888e-05
6,518 GPU-accelerated data management under the test of time 2020 CIDR 5.7561332e-05
6,769 Understanding Insights into the Basic Structure and Essential Issues of Table Placement Methods in Clusters 2013 VLDB 5.6847727e-05
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# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
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