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The Art of Balance: A RateupDB Experience of Building a CPU/GPU Hybrid Database Product

Summary: Industry experience report on RateupDB, a complete CPU/GPU HTAP product, emphasizing balanced OLTP/OLAP support, performance versus development productivity, and algorithm choices. Full-system TPC-H results demonstrate advantages over GPU DBMS alternatives. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
hce8e6ba00ed0881b
Venue
VLDB
Year
2021
Pagerank
6.812902e-05
Overall Rank
4,063 | 72.77%
DOI
10.14778/3476311.3476378
PDF
Download (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{lee_vldb21,
        title = {{The Art of Balance: A RateupDB Experience of Building a CPU/GPU Hybrid Database Product}},
        author = {Lee, Rubao and Zhou, Minghong and Li, Chi and Hu, Shenggang and Teng, Jianping and Li, Dongyang and Zhang, Xiaodong},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '21},
        volume = {14},
        number = {12},
        pages = {2999--3013},
        doi = {10.14778/3476311.3476378},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3476311.3476378},
        year = {2021}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 18 of 18 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2,464 Query Processing on Tensor Computation Runtimes 2022 VLDB 8.4081954e-05
3,344 The Composable Data Management System Manifesto 2023 VLDB 7.3834228e-05
3,622 Triton Join: Efficiently Scaling to a Large Join State on GPUs with Fast Interconnects 2022 SIGMOD 7.1350619e-05
3,783 HTAP Databases: What is New and What is Next 2022 SIGMOD 7.0016354e-05
5,721 Efficiently Processing Joins and Grouped Aggregations on GPUs 2025 SIGMOD 6.0008904e-05
7,545 Workload Placement on Heterogeneous CPU-GPU Systems 2024 VLDB 5.4817498e-05
8,421 TOD: GPU-accelerated Outlier Detection via Tensor Operations 2023 VLDB 5.3197436e-05
8,559 Deploying Computational Storage for HTAP DBMSs Takes More Than Just Computation Offloading 2023 VLDB 5.3015086e-05
10,400 HeraDB: Towards Real-time Analysis of Transaction-Centric HTAP with CPU-GPU Hybrid Query Execution 2027 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,856 MGI: A Communication Framework for Data Processing in Massive GPU Infrastructures 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,975 ZipFlow: a Compiler-based Framework to Unleash Compressed Data Movement for Modern GPUs 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,976 RayBooster: A Ray Tracing Engine to Accelerate SedonaDB 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,985 Reaching the Pinnacle of TPC-DS: Co-design of Architecture, Executor, and Storage in TDSQL 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,007 RayDB: Building Databases with Ray Tracing Cores 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,604 Database Native Model Selection: Harnessing Deep Neural Networks in Database Systems 2024 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,615 X-TED: Massive Parallelization of Tree Edit Distance 2024 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,622 Accelerating Merkle Patricia Trie with GPU 2024 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,703 High-Performance Spatial Data Analytics: Systematic R&D for Scale-Out and Scale-Up Solutions from the Past to Now 2024 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 52 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
6 Pig Latin: A Not-So-Foreign Language for Data Processing 2008 SIGMOD 0.0010494385
12 C-Store: A Column-oriented DBMS 2005 VLDB 0.00068985264
15 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00061463175
19 A Critique of ANSI SQL Isolation Levels 1995 SIGMOD 0.00058631912
27 Database Architecture Optimized for the New Bottleneck: Memory Access 1999 VLDB 0.0005146739
48 Weaving Relations for Cache Performance 2001 VLDB 0.00043770511
84 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00035920657
142 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.00029114937
177 The Vertica Analytic Database: C-Store 7 Years Later 2012 VLDB 0.00026571747
212 Sort vs. Hash Revisited: Fast Join Implementation on Modern Multi-Core CPUs 2009 VLDB 0.00024786576
232 TiDB: A Raft-based HTAP Database 2020 VLDB 0.00023776373
250 Multi-Core, Main-Memory Joins: Sort vs. Hash Revisited 2014 VLDB 0.00023080446
313 Tuning Database Configuration Parameters with iTuned 2009 VLDB 0.00021288111
332 Column-Stores vs. Row-Stores: How Different Are They Really? 2008 SIGMOD 0.00020739447
360 Design and Evaluation of Main Memory Hash Join Algorithms for Multi-core CPUs 2011 SIGMOD 0.00019959166
423 Massively Parallel Sort-Merge Joins in Main Memory Multi-Core Database Systems 2012 VLDB 0.00018450254
453 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.0001801482
550 SageDB: A Learned Database System 2019 CIDR 0.00016525249
574 Efficient Transaction Processing in SAP HANA Database – The End of a Column Store Myth 2012 SIGMOD 0.00016142754
610 Relational Joins on Graphics Processors 2008 SIGMOD 0.00015540189
636 ERMIA: Fast Memory-Optimized Database System for Heterogeneous Workloads 2016 SIGMOD 0.00015329098
722 Efficient Implementation of Sorting on Multi-Core SIMD CPU Architecture 2008 VLDB 0.00014470465
729 Anti-Caching: A New Approach to Database Management System Architecture 2013 VLDB 0.00014393711
748 The Yin and Yang of Processing Data Warehousing Queries on GPU Devices 2013 VLDB 0.00014258503
850 Hardware-Oblivious Parallelism for In-Memory Column-Stores 2013 VLDB 0.00013450864
1,228 A Study of the Fundamental Performance Characteristics of GPUs and CPUs for Database Analytics 2020 SIGMOD 0.00011425748
1,232 BatchDB: Efficient Isolated Execution of Hybrid OLTP+OLAP Workloads for Interactive Applications 2017 SIGMOD 0.00011406847
1,381 Execution Strategies for SQL Subqueries 2007 SIGMOD 0.00010832197
1,530 Pipelined Query Processing in Coprocessor Environments 2018 SIGMOD 0.00010318943
1,537 HippogriffDB: Balancing I/O and GPU Bandwidth in Big Data Analytics 2016 VLDB 0.00010296073
1,609 SkinnerDB: Regret-Bounded Query Evaluation via Reinforcement Learning 2019 SIGMOD 0.0001007196
2,104 Database Compression on Graphics Processors 2010 VLDB 9.0262021e-05
2,122 Enhanced Subquery Optimizations in Oracle 2009 VLDB 8.9938885e-05
2,208 Mega-KV: A Case for GPUs to Maximize the Throughput of In-Memory Key-Value Stores 2015 VLDB 8.8459331e-05
2,468 Concurrent Analytical Query Processing with GPUs 2014 VLDB 8.402961e-05
2,474 AnalyticDB: Real-time OLAP Database System at Alibaba Cloud 2019 VLDB 8.3955114e-05
2,485 A Memory Bandwidth-Efficient Hybrid Radix Sort on GPUs 2017 SIGMOD 8.3800709e-05
2,700 Major Technical Advancements in Apache Hive 2014 SIGMOD 8.096888e-05
2,745 Hardware Acceleration in Commercial Databases: A Case Study of Spatial Operations 2004 VLDB 8.0477409e-05
2,886 Efficient Join Algorithms For Large Database Tables in a Multi-GPU Environment 2021 VLDB 7.8911081e-05
2,890 High-Throughput Transaction Executions on Graphics Processors 2011 VLDB 7.8875185e-05
2,920 Real-Time Distance-Based Outlier Detection in Data Streams 2021 VLDB 7.8477923e-05
3,275 BCC: Reducing False Aborts in Optimistic Concurrency Control with Low Cost for In-Memory Databases 2016 VLDB 7.4557654e-05
3,869 The Case For Heterogeneous HTAP 2017 CIDR 6.9434054e-05
3,968 Data-Parallel Query Processing on Non-Uniform Data 2020 VLDB 6.8770248e-05
4,650 Improving Execution Efficiency of Just-in-time Compilation based Query Processing on GPUs 2021 VLDB 6.471543e-05
6,227 A GPU-friendly Geometric Data Model and Algebra for Spatial Queries 2020 SIGMOD 5.8265219e-05
6,294 Incorporating Super-Operators in Big-Data Query Optimizers 2020 VLDB 5.8043081e-05
6,393 GPU-accelerated data management under the test of time 2020 CIDR 5.7858902e-05
6,785 Understanding Insights into the Basic Structure and Essential Issues of Table Placement Methods in Clusters 2013 VLDB 5.6659903e-05
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# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
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