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The Database Language GEM

Summary: Introduces GEM, a general-purpose query/update language for the DSIS semantic ER data model. Extends QUEL with surrogates, aggregation, generalization, nulls, and set-valued attributes to encode ER semantics in a relational core. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
hc994a8c166d8f600
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
1983
Pagerank
0.00034286345
Overall Rank
96 | 99.36%
DOI
10.1145/582192.582226

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{zaniolo_sigmod83,
        title = {{The Database Language GEM}},
        author = {Zaniolo, Carlo},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '83},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/582192.582226},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/582192.582226},
        year = {1983}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 40 of 40 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
34 The Design Of Postgres 1986 SIGMOD 0.00049142315
116 Direct Spatial Search on Pictorial Databases Using Packed R-trees 1985 SIGMOD 0.00031645463
118 The EXODUS Optimizer Generator 1987 SIGMOD 0.00031392616
141 Relational Databases for Querying XML Documents: Limitations and Opportunities 1999 VLDB 0.00029294114
413 Querying Object-Oriented Databases 1992 SIGMOD 0.00018681401
592 Global Query Optimization 1986 SIGMOD 0.00015841026
698 A Data Model and Query Language for EXODUS 1988 SIGMOD 0.00014687325
743 Client-Server Paradise 1994 VLDB 0.00014311524
863 The Representation and Deductive Retrieval of Complex Objects 1985 VLDB 0.00013392127
952 Programming Constructs for Database System Implementation in EXODUS 1987 SIGMOD 0.00012881214
956 Selectivity Estimation and Query Optimization in Large Databases with Highly Skewed Distributions of Column Values 1988 VLDB 0.00012865801
1,025 Algebraic Support for Complex Objects with Arrays, Identity, and Inheritance 1991 SIGMOD 0.00012427098
1,126 Quel As A Data Type 1984 SIGMOD 0.00011920289
1,143 The POSTGRES Data Model 1987 VLDB 0.00011847554
1,171 Set Containment Joins: The Good, The Bad and The Ugly 2000 VLDB 0.00011702886
1,245 Consistency Analysis in Bloom: a CALM and Collected Approach 2011 CIDR 0.00011353116
1,253 A Model of Queries for Object-Oriented Databases 1989 VLDB 0.00011336027
1,523 Performance Enhancement Through Replication in an Object-Oriented DBMS 1989 SIGMOD 0.00010366107
1,843 A Performance Study of Query Optimization Algorithms on a Database System Supporting Procedures 1988 VLDB 9.5236698e-05
1,885 Query Processing in the ObjectStore Database System 1992 SIGMOD 9.4383994e-05
1,909 Of Objects and Databases: A Decade of Turmoil 1996 VLDB 9.3937135e-05
2,083 The Temporal Query Language TQuel 1984 PODS 9.0722247e-05
2,107 A Performance Evaluation of Pointer-Based Joins 1990 SIGMOD 9.03108e-05
2,976 An Implementation of GEM — supporting a semantic data model on a relational back-end. 1984 SIGMOD 7.7903145e-05
3,294 Implementation of a Compiler for a Semantic Data Model: Experiences with Taxis 1987 SIGMOD 7.4487512e-05
3,530 Extended User-Defined Indexing with Application to Textual Databases 1988 VLDB 7.2276073e-05
3,989 Beyond Relations: A Case for Elevating to the Entity-Relationship Abstraction 2025 CIDR 6.8703153e-05
4,083 Type Systems for Querying Class Hierarchies with Non-strict Inheritance. 1989 PODS 6.8174846e-05
4,221 Efficiently Supporting Procedures In Relational Database Systems 1987 SIGMOD 6.7238906e-05
4,921 CQL: A Query Language for Manipulating Object-oriented Databases 1989 VLDB 6.3524669e-05
5,751 ARIEL -- A Semantic Front-End to Relational DBMSs 1985 VLDB 6.0066555e-05
5,810 Column Stores For Wide and Sparse Data 2007 CIDR 5.9872574e-05
5,979 Access to Objects by Path Expressions and Rules 1994 VLDB 5.9281895e-05
6,420 An Object-Oriented Database System for Engineering Applications 1987 SIGMOD 5.7903037e-05
6,911 O-O, What Have They Done to DB2? 1999 VLDB 5.6486318e-05
8,301 Managing Complex Objects in an Extensible Relational DBMS 1989 VLDB 5.360065e-05
11,033 An Extended Tutorial and Vocabulary for Relational Language Design in an Era of AI-Assisted Query Generation 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
13,416 The C-based Database Programming Language Jasmine/C 1990 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
13,436 Concepts for a Database System Compiler 1988 PODS 4.9793485e-05
13,470 A Database Design for Musical Information 1987 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 2 of 2 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
628 Database Relations with Null Values (Extended Abstract) 1982 PODS 0.0001544126
2,976 An Implementation of GEM — supporting a semantic data model on a relational back-end. 1984 SIGMOD 7.7903145e-05
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