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The Database Language GEM

Summary: Introduces GEM, a general-purpose query/update language for the DSIS semantic ER data model. Extends QUEL with surrogates, aggregation, generalization, nulls, and set-valued attributes to encode ER semantics in a relational core. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
hc994a8c166d8f600
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
1983
Pagerank
0.00034172656
Overall Rank
97 | 99.36%
DOI
10.1145/582192.582226

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{zaniolo_sigmod83,
        title = {{The Database Language GEM}},
        author = {Zaniolo, Carlo},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '83},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/582192.582226},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/582192.582226},
        year = {1983}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 40 of 40 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
34 The Design Of Postgres 1986 SIGMOD 0.00049063803
116 Direct Spatial Search on Pictorial Databases Using Packed R-trees 1985 SIGMOD 0.00031562001
118 The EXODUS Optimizer Generator 1987 SIGMOD 0.00031320165
141 Relational Databases for Querying XML Documents: Limitations and Opportunities 1999 VLDB 0.00029191386
416 Querying Object-Oriented Databases 1992 SIGMOD 0.00018613776
595 Global Query Optimization 1986 SIGMOD 0.00015791231
704 A Data Model and Query Language for EXODUS 1988 SIGMOD 0.00014633243
747 Client-Server Paradise 1994 VLDB 0.00014259869
866 The Representation and Deductive Retrieval of Complex Objects 1985 VLDB 0.00013342501
957 Programming Constructs for Database System Implementation in EXODUS 1987 SIGMOD 0.00012838854
960 Selectivity Estimation and Query Optimization in Large Databases with Highly Skewed Distributions of Column Values 1988 VLDB 0.00012825107
1,030 Algebraic Support for Complex Objects with Arrays, Identity, and Inheritance 1991 SIGMOD 0.00012380641
1,130 Quel As A Data Type 1984 SIGMOD 0.00011879113
1,144 The POSTGRES Data Model 1987 VLDB 0.00011804665
1,173 Set Containment Joins: The Good, The Bad and The Ugly 2000 VLDB 0.00011659702
1,255 Consistency Analysis in Bloom: a CALM and Collected Approach 2011 CIDR 0.00011313104
1,260 A Model of Queries for Object-Oriented Databases 1989 VLDB 0.00011293794
1,525 Performance Enhancement Through Replication in an Object-Oriented DBMS 1989 SIGMOD 0.0001032939
1,853 A Performance Study of Query Optimization Algorithms on a Database System Supporting Procedures 1988 VLDB 9.4915966e-05
1,894 Query Processing in the ObjectStore Database System 1992 SIGMOD 9.4041988e-05
1,918 Of Objects and Databases: A Decade of Turmoil 1996 VLDB 9.3612346e-05
2,094 The Temporal Query Language TQuel 1984 PODS 9.0409588e-05
2,121 A Performance Evaluation of Pointer-Based Joins 1990 SIGMOD 8.9972659e-05
2,991 An Implementation of GEM — supporting a semantic data model on a relational back-end. 1984 SIGMOD 7.7609063e-05
3,306 Implementation of a Compiler for a Semantic Data Model: Experiences with Taxis 1987 SIGMOD 7.4207248e-05
3,538 Extended User-Defined Indexing with Application to Textual Databases 1988 VLDB 7.200842e-05
4,006 Beyond Relations: A Case for Elevating to the Entity-Relationship Abstraction 2025 CIDR 6.8443562e-05
4,104 Type Systems for Querying Class Hierarchies with Non-strict Inheritance. 1989 PODS 6.7919887e-05
4,241 Efficiently Supporting Procedures In Relational Database Systems 1987 SIGMOD 6.6988735e-05
4,945 CQL: A Query Language for Manipulating Object-oriented Databases 1989 VLDB 6.3285647e-05
5,764 ARIEL -- A Semantic Front-End to Relational DBMSs 1985 VLDB 5.9839681e-05
5,825 Column Stores For Wide and Sparse Data 2007 CIDR 5.9647545e-05
5,993 Access to Objects by Path Expressions and Rules 1994 VLDB 5.9058376e-05
6,430 An Object-Oriented Database System for Engineering Applications 1987 SIGMOD 5.7690302e-05
6,930 O-O, What Have They Done to DB2? 1999 VLDB 5.6273063e-05
8,322 Managing Complex Objects in an Extensible Relational DBMS 1989 VLDB 5.3398181e-05
11,103 An Extended Tutorial and Vocabulary for Relational Language Design in an Era of AI-Assisted Query Generation 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
13,463 The C-based Database Programming Language Jasmine/C 1990 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
13,483 Concepts for a Database System Compiler 1988 PODS 4.9605343e-05
13,517 A Database Design for Musical Information 1987 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 2 of 2 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
631 Database Relations with Null Values (Extended Abstract) 1982 PODS 0.00015384005
2,991 An Implementation of GEM — supporting a semantic data model on a relational back-end. 1984 SIGMOD 7.7609063e-05
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