The Database Language GEM

Summary: Introduces GEM, a general-purpose query/update language for the DSIS semantic ER data model. Extends QUEL with surrogates, aggregation, generalization, nulls, and set-valued attributes to encode ER semantics in a relational core. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: hc994a8c166d8f600
Venue: SIGMOD
Year: 1983
Pagerank: 0.00034271712
Overall Rank: 96 | 99.36%
DOI: 10.1145/582192.582226

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

1. Carlo Zaniolo (AT&T)

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{zaniolo_sigmod83,
        title = {{The Database Language GEM}},
        author = {Zaniolo, Carlo},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '83},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/582192.582226},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/582192.582226},
        year = {1983}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 40 of 40 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
34	The Design Of Postgres	1986	SIGMOD	0.00049129967
116	Direct Spatial Search on Pictorial Databases Using Packed R-trees	1985	SIGMOD	0.00031633451
118	The EXODUS Optimizer Generator	1987	SIGMOD	0.00031381726
141	Relational Databases for Querying XML Documents: Limitations and Opportunities	1999	VLDB	0.0002928095
414	Querying Object-Oriented Databases	1992	SIGMOD	0.00018672651
592	Global Query Optimization	1986	SIGMOD	0.00015835128
698	A Data Model and Query Language for EXODUS	1988	SIGMOD	0.0001468044
744	Client-Server Paradise	1994	VLDB	0.00014305129
865	The Representation and Deductive Retrieval of Complex Objects	1985	VLDB	0.00013385895
952	Programming Constructs for Database System Implementation in EXODUS	1987	SIGMOD	0.00012875776
955	Selectivity Estimation and Query Optimization in Large Databases with Highly Skewed Distributions of Column Values	1988	VLDB	0.0001286095
1,026	Algebraic Support for Complex Objects with Arrays, Identity, and Inheritance	1991	SIGMOD	0.0001242128
1,126	Quel As A Data Type	1984	SIGMOD	0.00011914952
1,143	The POSTGRES Data Model	1987	VLDB	0.00011842018
1,171	Set Containment Joins: The Good, The Bad and The Ugly	2000	VLDB	0.00011697392
1,248	Consistency Analysis in Bloom: a CALM and Collected Approach	2011	CIDR	0.00011347831
1,255	A Model of Queries for Object-Oriented Databases	1989	VLDB	0.00011330686
1,523	Performance Enhancement Through Replication in an Object-Oriented DBMS	1989	SIGMOD	0.00010361809
1,844	A Performance Study of Query Optimization Algorithms on a Database System Supporting Procedures	1988	VLDB	9.5195972e-05
1,886	Query Processing in the ObjectStore Database System	1992	SIGMOD	9.434484e-05
1,909	Of Objects and Databases: A Decade of Turmoil	1996	VLDB	9.3898701e-05
2,085	The Temporal Query Language TQuel	1984	PODS	9.0679401e-05
2,108	A Performance Evaluation of Pointer-Based Joins	1990	SIGMOD	9.0268278e-05
2,979	An Implementation of GEM — supporting a semantic data model on a relational back-end.	1984	SIGMOD	7.7866278e-05
3,295	Implementation of a Compiler for a Semantic Data Model: Experiences with Taxis	1987	SIGMOD	7.4452378e-05
3,530	Extended User-Defined Indexing with Application to Textual Databases	1988	VLDB	7.2243276e-05
3,990	Beyond Relations: A Case for Elevating to the Entity-Relationship Abstraction	2025	CIDR	6.867063e-05
4,084	Type Systems for Querying Class Hierarchies with Non-strict Inheritance.	1989	PODS	6.8142614e-05
4,221	Efficiently Supporting Procedures In Relational Database Systems	1987	SIGMOD	6.7207714e-05
4,922	CQL: A Query Language for Manipulating Object-oriented Databases	1989	VLDB	6.3494738e-05
5,752	ARIEL -- A Semantic Front-End to Relational DBMSs	1985	VLDB	6.0038132e-05
5,812	Column Stores For Wide and Sparse Data	2007	CIDR	5.9844567e-05
5,979	Access to Objects by Path Expressions and Rules	1994	VLDB	5.9253858e-05
6,422	An Object-Oriented Database System for Engineering Applications	1987	SIGMOD	5.7876085e-05
6,913	O-O, What Have They Done to DB2?	1999	VLDB	5.6459578e-05
8,308	Managing Complex Objects in an Extensible Relational DBMS	1989	VLDB	5.357528e-05
11,042	An Extended Tutorial and Vocabulary for Relational Language Design in an Era of AI-Assisted Query Generation	2026	VLDB	4.9769913e-05
13,422	The C-based Database Programming Language Jasmine/C	1990	VLDB	4.9769913e-05
13,442	Concepts for a Database System Compiler	1988	PODS	4.9769913e-05
13,476	A Database Design for Musical Information	1987	SIGMOD	4.9769913e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 2 of 2 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
628	Database Relations with Null Values (Extended Abstract)	1982	PODS	0.00015434033
2,979	An Implementation of GEM — supporting a semantic data model on a relational back-end.	1984	SIGMOD	7.7866278e-05

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1	13,497	ECRINS/86: An Extended Entity-Relationship Data Base Management System and its Semantic Query Language	1986	VLDB
2	4,922	CQL: A Query Language for Manipulating Object-oriented Databases	1989	VLDB
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8	150	Making Smalltalk a Database System	1984	SIGMOD
9	5,752	ARIEL -- A Semantic Front-End to Relational DBMSs	1985	VLDB
10	2,979	An Implementation of GEM — supporting a semantic data model on a relational back-end.	1984	SIGMOD