The Design Of Postgres

Summary: Presents POSTGRES, a successor to INGRES, with object support and user extensibility for data types, operators, and access methods. Adds alerters/triggers, forward/backward inference, and simplified crash recovery; hardware-aware design for optical disks, multi-processor workstations, and VLSI, with minimal changes to the relational model. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: h0fadfafe842b33db
Venue: SIGMOD
Year: 1986
Pagerank: 0.00049063803
Overall Rank: 34 | 99.78%
DOI: 10.1145/16894.16888

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

1. Michael Stonebraker (University of California Berkeley)
2. Lawrence A. Rowe (University of California Berkeley)

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{stonebraker_sigmod86,
        title = {{THE DESIGN OF POSTGRES}},
        author = {Stonebraker, Michael and Rowe, Lawrence A.},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '86},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/16894.16888},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/16894.16888},
        year = {1986}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 106 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
40	The Case for Learned Index Structures	2018	SIGMOD	0.00046249672
93	Encapsulation of Parallelism in the Volcano Query Processing System	1990	SIGMOD	0.00034518001
101	The Design of the POSTGRES Storage System	1987	VLDB	0.00033939695
118	The EXODUS Optimizer Generator	1987	SIGMOD	0.00031320165
125	Predicate Migration: Optimizing Queries with Expensive Predicates	1993	SIGMOD	0.00030398363
148	On Rules, Procedures, Caching And Views In Data Base Systems	1990	SIGMOD	0.00028920518
197	Grammar-like Functional Rules for Representing Query Optimization Alternatives	1988	SIGMOD	0.00025558952
247	Overview of SciDB: Large Scale Array Storage, Processing and Analysis	2010	SIGMOD	0.00023119762
275	Extensible Query Processing in Starburst	1989	SIGMOD	0.000224395
297	Object and File Management in the EXODUS Extensible Database System	1986	VLDB	0.0002187415
325	AnalyticDB-V: A Hybrid Analytical Engine Towards Query Fusion for Structured and Unstructured Data	2020	VLDB	0.00020930941
500	The Design of XPRS	1988	VLDB	0.0001724009
595	Global Query Optimization	1986	SIGMOD	0.00015791231
633	A Rule-Based View of Query Optimization	1987	SIGMOD	0.00015365563
725	Serializable Snapshot Isolation in PostgreSQL	2012	VLDB	0.00014434166
729	Anti-Caching: A New Approach to Database Management System Architecture	2013	VLDB	0.00014393711
747	Client-Server Paradise	1994	VLDB	0.00014259869
774	FITing-Tree: A Data-aware Index Structure	2019	SIGMOD	0.00014063511
863	An Empirical Evaluation of In-Memory Multi-Version Concurrency Control	2017	VLDB	0.00013368866
957	Programming Constructs for Database System Implementation in EXODUS	1987	SIGMOD	0.00012838854
960	Selectivity Estimation and Query Optimization in Large Databases with Highly Skewed Distributions of Column Values	1988	VLDB	0.00012825107
1,144	The POSTGRES Data Model	1987	VLDB	0.00011804665
1,181	Relational Transducers for Electronic Commerce	1998	PODS	0.00011599434
1,260	A Model of Queries for Object-Oriented Databases	1989	VLDB	0.00011293794
1,352	GraphDB: Modeling and Querying Graphs in Databases	1994	VLDB	0.00010913807
1,421	A Data Management Extension Architecture	1987	SIGMOD	0.000107023
1,468	Implementing Large Production Systems in a DBMS Environment: Concepts and Algorithms	1988	SIGMOD	0.00010540751
1,752	Split-Transactions for Open-Ended Activities	1988	VLDB	9.7124696e-05
1,877	Composite Objects Revisted	1989	SIGMOD	9.4316735e-05
2,537	Extensible Buffer Management of Indexes	1992	VLDB	8.3061306e-05
2,688	Gral: An Extensible Relational Database System for Geometric Applications	1989	VLDB	8.1151447e-05
2,775	LogBase: A Scalable Log-structured Database System in the Cloud	2012	VLDB	8.0140752e-05
2,818	Segment Indexes: Dynamic Indexing Techniques for Multi-Dimensional Interval Data	1991	SIGMOD	7.9536217e-05
2,967	Constant Time Recovery in Azure SQL Database	2019	VLDB	7.7892733e-05
3,047	Monitoring Database Objects	1989	VLDB	7.7021979e-05
3,218	Implementing an Interpreter for Functional Rules in a Query Optimizer	1988	VLDB	7.5096666e-05
3,306	Implementation of a Compiler for a Semantic Data Model: Experiences with Taxis	1987	SIGMOD	7.4207248e-05
3,476	DBOS: A DBMS-oriented Operating System	2022	VLDB	7.2552418e-05
3,477	Querying in highly mobile distributed environments	1992	VLDB	7.255073e-05
3,538	Extended User-Defined Indexing with Application to Textual Databases	1988	VLDB	7.200842e-05
3,601	Two Birds, One Stone: A Fast, yet Lightweight, Indexing Scheme for Modern Database Systems	2017	VLDB	7.1582591e-05
3,870	OODB Indexing by Class-Division	1995	SIGMOD	6.9416637e-05
4,238	Citus: Distributed PostgreSQL for Data-Intensive Applications	2021	SIGMOD	6.7018946e-05
4,241	Efficiently Supporting Procedures In Relational Database Systems	1987	SIGMOD	6.6988735e-05
4,456	PRIMA - a DBMS Prototype Supporting Engineering Applications	1987	VLDB	6.5769766e-05
4,509	Threats to Privacy in the Forensic Analysis of Database Systems	2007	SIGMOD	6.5549917e-05
4,845	Processing Queries Against Database Procedures: A Performance Analysis	1988	SIGMOD	6.3717336e-05
5,364	Using Write Protected Data Structures To Improve Software Fault Tolerance in Highly Available Database Management Systems	1991	VLDB	6.1474366e-05
5,498	Storage Reclamation in Object Oriented Database Systems	1987	SIGMOD	6.09303e-05
5,515	Keep CALM and CRDT On	2023	VLDB	6.0864968e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 13 of 13 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
2	R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure For Spatial Searching	1984	SIGMOD	0.0019892478
8	The K-D-B-Tree: A Search Structure for Large Multidimensional Dynamic Indexes	1981	SIGMOD	0.00081207565
59	Differential Files: Their Application To The Maintenance Of Large Data Bases	1976	SIGMOD	0.00039478403
87	Implementation of Integrity Constraints and Views by Query Modification	1975	SIGMOD	0.00035589793
97	The Database Language GEM	1983	SIGMOD	0.00034172656
150	Making Smalltalk a Database System	1984	SIGMOD	0.00028835071
782	Data Abstraction, Views And Updates In Rigel	1979	SIGMOD	0.00014036612
1,130	Quel As A Data Type	1984	SIGMOD	0.00011879113
2,010	Data Constructors: On the Integration of Rules and Relations	1985	VLDB	9.1808661e-05
2,045	An Extensible Object-Oriented Approach to Databases for VLSI/CAD	1985	VLDB	9.1234027e-05
2,542	Database Portals: A New Application Program Interface	1984	VLDB	8.3020374e-05
2,760	An Implementation of Hypothetical Relations	1983	VLDB	8.0258643e-05
3,209	"Fill-in-the-Form" Programming	1985	VLDB	7.5183398e-05

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#	Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue
1	1,264	Don't be lazy, be consistent: Postgres-R, A new way to implement Database Replication	2000	VLDB
2	1,853	A Performance Study of Query Optimization Algorithms on a Database System Supporting Procedures	1988	VLDB
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4	7,451	An Automated, Yet Interactive and Portable DB Designer	2010	SIGMOD
5	407	Distributed Query Processing In A Relational Data Base System	1978	SIGMOD
6	500	The Design of XPRS	1988	VLDB
7	4,241	Efficiently Supporting Procedures In Relational Database Systems	1987	SIGMOD
8	3,854	Query Processing in Tertiary Memory Databases	1995	VLDB
9	1,144	The POSTGRES Data Model	1987	VLDB
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