Froid: Optimization of Imperative Programs in a Relational Database
Summary: Automatically rewrites UDFs into relational algebra expressions embedded in SQL, enabling cost-based optimization of imperative code. Froid is extensible, brings compiler-style optimizations to UDFs, and yields set-oriented, parallel plans with orders-of-magnitude speedups. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)
Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time
Authors
- 1. Karthik Ramachandra (Microsoft)
- 2. Kwanghyun Park (Microsoft)
- 3. K. Venkatesh Emani (Indian Institute of Technology Mumbai)
- 4. Alan Halverson (Microsoft)
- 5. César Galindo-Legaria (Microsoft)
- 6. Conor Cunningham (Microsoft)
BibTeX Citation
@article{ramachandra_vldb18,
title = {{Froid: Optimization of Imperative Programs in a Relational Database}},
author = {Ramachandra, Karthik and Park, Kwanghyun and Emani, K. Venkatesh and Halverson, Alan and Galindo-Legaria, César and Cunningham, Conor},
journal = {PVLDB},
series = {{VLDB} '18},
volume = {11},
number = {4},
pages = {432--444},
doi = {10.1145/3164135.3164140},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3164135.3164140},
year = {2018}
}Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 47 of 47 citing papers.
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 8 of 8 cited papers.
Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.
| Rank | Cited Paper | Year | Venue | Pagerank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 35 | Hekaton: SQL Server’s Memory-Optimized OLTP Engine | 2013 | SIGMOD | 0.00048001919 |
| 97 | Of Nests and Trees: A Unified Approach to Processing Queries That Contain Nested Subqueries, Aggregates, and Quantifiers | 1987 | VLDB | 0.00034124569 |
| 132 | Optimization of Nested SQL Queries Revisited | 1987 | SIGMOD | 0.00030241193 |
| 552 | Orthogonal Optimization of Subqueries and Aggregation | 2001 | SIGMOD | 0.0001653835 |
| 1,378 | Execution Strategies for SQL Subqueries | 2007 | SIGMOD | 0.00010864448 |
| 2,979 | StatusQuo: Making Familiar Abstractions Perform Using Program Analysis | 2013 | CIDR | 7.789233e-05 |
| 2,993 | Extracting Equivalent SQL from Imperative Code in Database Applications | 2016 | SIGMOD | 7.7721951e-05 |
| 7,438 | DBridge: Translating Imperative Code to SQL | 2017 | SIGMOD | 5.5272264e-05 |
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