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Viper: An Efficient Hybrid PMem-DRAM Key-Value Store

Summary: Viper introduces three PMem-specific access patterns and a hybrid architecture combining a DRAM hash index with PMem-aware layout. It exploits DRAM random writes and PMem sequential writes, delivering 4–18× higher write throughput than prior KVSs while preserving persistence. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
hf696aeaf482bbed7
Venue
VLDB
Year
2021
Pagerank
8.3436817e-05
Overall Rank
2,516 | 83.14%
DOI
10.14778/3461535.3461543
PDF
Download (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{benson_vldb21,
        title = {{Viper: An Efficient Hybrid PMem-DRAM Key-Value Store}},
        author = {Benson, Lawrence and Makait, Hendrik and Rabl, Tilmann},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '21},
        volume = {14},
        number = {9},
        pages = {1544--1556},
        doi = {10.14778/3461535.3461543},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3461535.3461543},
        year = {2021}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 20 of 20 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
3,816 ScaleStore: A Fast and Cost-Efficient Storage Engine using DRAM, NVMe, and RDMA 2022 SIGMOD 6.9852219e-05
4,089 Virtual-Memory Assisted Buffer Management 2023 SIGMOD 6.7968217e-05
5,509 Plush: A Write-Optimized Persistent Log-Structured Hash-Table 2022 VLDB 6.0872396e-05
6,072 Catalyst: Optimizing Cache Management for Large In-memory Key-value Systems 2023 VLDB 5.8783532e-05
6,089 Halo: A Hybrid PMem-DRAM Persistent Hash Index with Fast Recovery 2022 SIGMOD 5.8731638e-05
6,901 Evaluating Persistent Memory Range Indexes: Part Two 2022 VLDB 5.6367813e-05
7,212 NVM: Is it Not Very Meaningful for Databases? 2023 VLDB 5.5690855e-05
7,356 PetPS: Supporting Huge Embedding Models with Persistent Memory 2023 VLDB 5.5289288e-05
8,245 ArceKV: Towards Workload-driven LSM-compactions for Key-Value Store Under Dynamic Workloads 2026 VLDB 5.3556365e-05
8,264 Pea Hash: A Performant Extendible Adaptive Hashing Index 2023 SIGMOD 5.3501391e-05
9,215 Structural Designs Meet Optimality: Exploring Optimized LSM-tree Structures in A Colossal Configuration Space 2024 SIGMOD 5.1921944e-05
9,358 PerMA-Bench: Benchmarking Persistent Memory Access 2022 VLDB 5.1745153e-05
9,595 H-Rocks: CPU-GPU accelerated Heterogeneous RocksDB on Persistent Memory 2025 SIGMOD 5.1376962e-05
9,725 FluidKV: Seamlessly Bridging the Gap between Indexing Performance and Memory-Footprint on Ultra-Fast Storage 2024 VLDB 5.1210873e-05
9,726 BonsaiKV: Towards Fast, Scalable, and Persistent Key-Value Stores with Tiered, Heterogeneous Memory System 2024 VLDB 5.1210873e-05
10,073 LavaStore: ByteDance's Purpose-built, High-performance, Cost-effective Local Storage Engine for Cloud Services 2024 VLDB 5.0732737e-05
10,300 Darwin: Scale-In Stream Processing 2022 CIDR 5.0301502e-05
10,619 Analysis and Evaluation of Using Microsecond-Latency Memory for In-Memory Indices and Caches in SSD-Based Key-Value Stores 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
11,172 Boosting OLTP Performance with Per-Page Logging on NVDIMM 2025 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
11,726 Data Pipes: Declarative Control over Data Movement 2023 CIDR 4.9605343e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 12 of 12 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
52 The Snowflake Elastic Data Warehouse 2016 SIGMOD 0.00041439488
504 FPTree: A Hybrid SCM-DRAM Persistent and Concurrent B-Tree for Storage Class Memory 2016 SIGMOD 0.00017195543
549 Faster: A Concurrent Key-Value Store with In-Place Updates 2018 SIGMOD 0.00016530268
865 Let’s Talk About Storage & Recovery Methods for Non-Volatile Memory Database Systems 2015 SIGMOD 0.00013346121
1,288 Managing Non-Volatile Memory in Database Systems 2018 SIGMOD 0.00011172386
1,366 Dash: Scalable Hashing on Persistent Memory 2020 VLDB 0.00010879316
1,863 LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory 2020 VLDB 9.4679185e-05
2,288 DPTree: Differential Indexing for Persistent Memory 2020 VLDB 8.6817411e-05
2,755 Evaluating Persistent Memory Range Indexes 2020 VLDB 8.0383029e-05
3,663 Maximizing Persistent Memory Bandwidth Utilization for OLAP Workloads 2021 SIGMOD 7.1008953e-05
4,534 Persistent Memory Hash Indexes: An Experimental Evaluation 2021 VLDB 6.5408712e-05
4,696 Enabling Low Tail Latency on Multicore Key-Value Stores 2020 VLDB 6.448377e-05
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1 10,739 PartitionKV: Redesigning LSM-tree KV Stores on NVMs with Adaptive Partitioning for Reducing Write Stalls and Amplification 2026 SIGMOD
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4 10,619 Analysis and Evaluation of Using Microsecond-Latency Memory for In-Memory Indices and Caches in SSD-Based Key-Value Stores 2026 SIGMOD
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