Viper: An Efficient Hybrid PMem-DRAM Key-Value Store

Summary: Viper introduces three PMem-specific access patterns and a hybrid architecture combining a DRAM hash index with PMem-aware layout. It exploits DRAM random writes and PMem sequential writes, delivering 4–18× higher write throughput than prior KVSs while preserving persistence. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID: hf696aeaf482bbed7
Venue: VLDB
Year: 2021
Pagerank: 8.3698208e-05
Overall Rank: 2,510 | 83.13%
DOI: 10.14778/3461535.3461543

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

1. Lawrence Benson (Hasso Plattner Institute; University of Potsdam)
2. Hendrik Makait (Hasso Plattner Institute; University of Potsdam)
3. Tilmann Rabl (Hasso Plattner Institute; University of Potsdam)

BibTeX Citation

@article{benson_vldb21,
        title = {{Viper: An Efficient Hybrid PMem-DRAM Key-Value Store}},
        author = {Benson, Lawrence and Makait, Hendrik and Rabl, Tilmann},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '21},
        volume = {14},
        number = {9},
        pages = {1544--1556},
        doi = {10.14778/3461535.3461543},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3461535.3461543},
        year = {2021}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 20 of 20 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
3,826	ScaleStore: A Fast and Cost-Efficient Storage Engine using DRAM, NVMe, and RDMA	2022	SIGMOD	6.9984204e-05
4,094	Virtual-Memory Assisted Buffer Management	2023	SIGMOD	6.8103269e-05
5,483	Plush: A Write-Optimized Persistent Log-Structured Hash-Table	2022	VLDB	6.1103271e-05
6,072	Halo: A Hybrid PMem-DRAM Persistent Hash Index with Fast Recovery	2022	SIGMOD	5.8954394e-05
6,399	Catalyst: Optimizing Cache Management for Large In-memory Key-value Systems	2023	VLDB	5.798136e-05
6,877	Evaluating Persistent Memory Range Indexes: Part Two	2022	VLDB	5.6581603e-05
7,192	NVM: Is it Not Very Meaningful for Databases?	2023	VLDB	5.5902078e-05
7,333	PetPS: Supporting Huge Embedding Models with Persistent Memory	2023	VLDB	5.5498988e-05
8,221	ArceKV: Towards Workload-driven LSM-compactions for Key-Value Store Under Dynamic Workloads	2026	VLDB	5.3759492e-05
8,241	Pea Hash: A Performant Extendible Adaptive Hashing Index	2023	SIGMOD	5.370431e-05
9,181	Structural Designs Meet Optimality: Exploring Optimized LSM-tree Structures in A Colossal Configuration Space	2024	SIGMOD	5.2118872e-05
9,324	PerMA-Bench: Benchmarking Persistent Memory Access	2022	VLDB	5.1941411e-05
9,562	H-Rocks: CPU-GPU accelerated Heterogeneous RocksDB on Persistent Memory	2025	SIGMOD	5.1571823e-05
9,690	FluidKV: Seamlessly Bridging the Gap between Indexing Performance and Memory-Footprint on Ultra-Fast Storage	2024	VLDB	5.1405104e-05
9,691	BonsaiKV: Towards Fast, Scalable, and Persistent Key-Value Stores with Tiered, Heterogeneous Memory System	2024	VLDB	5.1405104e-05
10,029	LavaStore: ByteDance's Purpose-built, High-performance, Cost-effective Local Storage Engine for Cloud Services	2024	VLDB	5.0925155e-05
10,267	Darwin: Scale-In Stream Processing	2022	CIDR	5.0492285e-05
10,543	Analysis and Evaluation of Using Microsecond-Latency Memory for In-Memory Indices and Caches in SSD-Based Key-Value Stores	2026	SIGMOD	4.9793485e-05
11,102	Boosting OLTP Performance with Per-Page Logging on NVDIMM	2025	SIGMOD	4.9793485e-05
11,674	Data Pipes: Declarative Control over Data Movement	2023	CIDR	4.9793485e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 12 of 12 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
52	The Snowflake Elastic Data Warehouse	2016	SIGMOD	0.00041219077
502	FPTree: A Hybrid SCM-DRAM Persistent and Concurrent B-Tree for Storage Class Memory	2016	SIGMOD	0.00017250534
546	Faster: A Concurrent Key-Value Store with In-Place Updates	2018	SIGMOD	0.00016590738
864	Let’s Talk About Storage & Recovery Methods for Non-Volatile Memory Database Systems	2015	SIGMOD	0.00013391824
1,282	Managing Non-Volatile Memory in Database Systems	2018	SIGMOD	0.00011210073
1,359	Dash: Scalable Hashing on Persistent Memory	2020	VLDB	0.00010919021
1,854	LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory	2020	VLDB	9.4991601e-05
2,274	DPTree: Differential Indexing for Persistent Memory	2020	VLDB	8.7108312e-05
2,742	Evaluating Persistent Memory Range Indexes	2020	VLDB	8.0681227e-05
3,657	Maximizing Persistent Memory Bandwidth Utilization for OLAP Workloads	2021	SIGMOD	7.1244858e-05
4,516	Persistent Memory Hash Indexes: An Experimental Evaluation	2021	VLDB	6.5646895e-05
4,685	Enabling Low Tail Latency on Multicore Key-Value Stores	2020	VLDB	6.4713469e-05

Semantically Similar Papers

#	Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue
1	10,667	PartitionKV: Redesigning LSM-tree KV Stores on NVMs with Adaptive Partitioning for Reducing Write Stalls and Amplification	2026	SIGMOD
2	631	Persistent B+-Trees in Non-Volatile Main Memory	2015	VLDB
3	974	FlashStore: High Throughput Persistent Key-Value Store	2010	VLDB
4	10,543	Analysis and Evaluation of Using Microsecond-Latency Memory for In-Memory Indices and Caches in SSD-Based Key-Value Stores	2026	SIGMOD
5	864	Let’s Talk About Storage & Recovery Methods for Non-Volatile Memory Database Systems	2015	SIGMOD
6	2,369	BlueCache: A Scalable Distributed Flash-based Key-value Store	2017	VLDB
7	9,691	BonsaiKV: Towards Fast, Scalable, and Persistent Key-Value Stores with Tiered, Heterogeneous Memory System	2024	VLDB
8	857	Storage Management in the NVRAM Era	2014	VLDB
9	1,282	Managing Non-Volatile Memory in Database Systems	2018	SIGMOD
10	9,690	FluidKV: Seamlessly Bridging the Gap between Indexing Performance and Memory-Footprint on Ultra-Fast Storage	2024	VLDB