LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory

Summary: Exploits 3DXPoint’s cache-line write behavior and 256B access granularity to redesign persistent B+-trees. Entry moving, logless NAW-based splits, and distributed headers reduce line writes, yielding up to 2.92× faster insertions. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID: h1d86881c6a696952
Venue: VLDB
Year: 2020
Pagerank: 9.4679185e-05
Overall Rank: 1,863 | 87.52%
DOI: 10.14778/3384345.3384355
PDF: Download (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

1. Jihang Liu (Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)
2. Shimin Chen (Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)
3. Lujun Wang (Alibaba)

BibTeX Citation

@article{liu_vldb20,
        title = {{LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory}},
        author = {Liu, Jihang and Chen, Shimin and Wang, Lujun},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '20},
        volume = {13},
        number = {7},
        pages = {1078--1090},
        doi = {10.14778/3384345.3384355},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3384345.3384355},
        year = {2020}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 27 of 27 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
1,529	Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions	2021	VLDB	0.00010320909
2,516	Viper: An Efficient Hybrid PMem-DRAM Key-Value Store	2021	VLDB	8.3436817e-05
2,870	APEX: A High-Performance Learned Index on Persistent Memory	2022	VLDB	7.9033232e-05
4,656	PLIN: A Persistent Learned Index for Non-Volatile Memory with High Performance and Instant Recovery	2023	VLDB	6.468994e-05
5,509	Plush: A Write-Optimized Persistent Log-Structured Hash-Table	2022	VLDB	6.0872396e-05
5,767	SSDs Striking Back: The Storage Jungle and Its Implications on Persistent Indexes	2022	CIDR	5.9834681e-05
6,075	When Tree Meets Hash: Reducing Random Reads for Index Structures on Persistent Memories	2023	SIGMOD	5.8776022e-05
6,080	NBTree: a Lock-free PM-friendly Persistent B+-Tree for eADR-enabled PM Systems	2022	VLDB	5.8759147e-05
6,513	Revisiting the Design of LSM-tree Based OLTP Storage Engine with Persistent Memory	2021	VLDB	5.7438448e-05
6,682	WiscSort: External Sorting For Byte-Addressable Storage	2023	VLDB	5.69428e-05
6,839	Zen: a High-Throughput Log-Free OLTP Engine for Non-Volatile Main Memory	2021	VLDB	5.6514035e-05
6,901	Evaluating Persistent Memory Range Indexes: Part Two	2022	VLDB	5.6367813e-05
6,963	The Past, Present and Future of Indexing on Persistent Memory	2022	VLDB	5.6181098e-05
7,831	Buffered Persistence in B+ Trees	2024	SIGMOD	5.4290292e-05
7,998	DecLog: Decentralized Logging in Non-Volatile Memory for Time Series Database Systems	2024	VLDB	5.3935211e-05
8,264	Pea Hash: A Performant Extendible Adaptive Hashing Index	2023	SIGMOD	5.3501391e-05
8,686	Cost Modelling for Optimal Data Placement in Heterogeneous Main Memory	2022	VLDB	5.2730338e-05
9,358	PerMA-Bench: Benchmarking Persistent Memory Access	2022	VLDB	5.1745153e-05
9,359	Tair-PMem: A Fully Durable Non-Volatile Memory Database	2022	VLDB	5.1745153e-05
9,725	FluidKV: Seamlessly Bridging the Gap between Indexing Performance and Memory-Footprint on Ultra-Fast Storage	2024	VLDB	5.1210873e-05
9,726	BonsaiKV: Towards Fast, Scalable, and Persistent Key-Value Stores with Tiered, Heterogeneous Memory System	2024	VLDB	5.1210873e-05
10,491	ART That Lasts: Persistent Multiversion Adaptive Radix Trees with Fast Atomic Range Queries	2026	SIGMOD	4.9605343e-05
10,552	LINE: A Learned Index with Group-Enhanced Leaves and Cache-Optimized Inner Tree	2026	SIGMOD	4.9605343e-05
10,701	DART: A Lock-free Two-layer Hashed ART Index for Disaggregated Memory	2026	SIGMOD	4.9605343e-05
10,798	SIDLE: Tree-structure Aware Indexes for CXL-based Heterogeneous Memory	2026	VLDB	4.9605343e-05
11,301	FB+-tree: A Memory-Optimized B+-tree with Latch-Free Update	2025	VLDB	4.9605343e-05
11,610	Breathing New Life into An Old Tree: Resolving Logging Dilemma of B+-tree on Modern Computational Storage Drives	2024	VLDB	4.9605343e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 8 of 8 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
68	Making B+-Trees Cache Conscious in Main Memory	2000	SIGMOD	0.00037861537
504	FPTree: A Hybrid SCM-DRAM Persistent and Concurrent B-Tree for Storage Class Memory	2016	SIGMOD	0.00017195543
548	Improving Index Performance through Prefetching	2001	SIGMOD	0.00016534019
632	Persistent B+-Trees in Non-Volatile Main Memory	2015	VLDB	0.00015366735
671	Rethinking Database Algorithms for Phase Change Memory	2011	CIDR	0.00014912266
967	BzTree: A High-Performance Latch-free Range Index for Non-Volatile Memory	2018	VLDB	0.00012766144
1,324	X-Engine: An Optimized Storage Engine for Large-scale E-commerce Transaction Processing	2019	SIGMOD	0.00011019001
2,798	Utilization of B-trees with Inserts, Deletes and Modifies	1989	PODS	7.9830986e-05

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1	4,656	PLIN: A Persistent Learned Index for Non-Volatile Memory with High Performance and Instant Recovery	2023	VLDB
2	1,849	Main-Memory Index Structures with Fixed-Size Partial Keys	2001	SIGMOD
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