LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory

Summary: Exploits 3DXPoint’s cache-line write behavior and 256B access granularity to redesign persistent B+-trees. Entry moving, logless NAW-based splits, and distributed headers reduce line writes, yielding up to 2.92× faster insertions. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID: h1d86881c6a696952
Venue: VLDB
Year: 2020
Pagerank: 9.4960518e-05
Overall Rank: 1,856 | 87.53%
DOI: 10.14778/3384345.3384355
PDF: Download (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

1. Jihang Liu (Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)
2. Shimin Chen (Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)
3. Lujun Wang (Alibaba)

BibTeX Citation

@article{liu_vldb20,
        title = {{LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory}},
        author = {Liu, Jihang and Chen, Shimin and Wang, Lujun},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '20},
        volume = {13},
        number = {7},
        pages = {1078--1090},
        doi = {10.14778/3384345.3384355},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3384345.3384355},
        year = {2020}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 27 of 27 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
1,525	Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions	2021	VLDB	0.00010355133
2,507	Viper: An Efficient Hybrid PMem-DRAM Key-Value Store	2021	VLDB	8.3688413e-05
2,861	APEX: A High-Performance Learned Index on Persistent Memory	2022	VLDB	7.9295281e-05
4,635	PLIN: A Persistent Learned Index for Non-Volatile Memory with High Performance and Instant Recovery	2023	VLDB	6.4904555e-05
5,488	Plush: A Write-Optimized Persistent Log-Structured Hash-Table	2022	VLDB	6.1074346e-05
5,755	SSDs Striking Back: The Storage Jungle and Its Implications on Persistent Indexes	2022	CIDR	6.0030957e-05
6,065	NBTree: a Lock-free PM-friendly Persistent B+-Tree for eADR-enabled PM Systems	2022	VLDB	5.8953182e-05
6,070	When Tree Meets Hash: Reducing Random Reads for Index Structures on Persistent Memories	2023	SIGMOD	5.8940295e-05
6,499	Revisiting the Design of LSM-tree Based OLTP Storage Engine with Persistent Memory	2021	VLDB	5.7629005e-05
6,669	WiscSort: External Sorting For Byte-Addressable Storage	2023	VLDB	5.7131713e-05
6,882	Evaluating Persistent Memory Range Indexes: Part Two	2022	VLDB	5.6554818e-05
6,942	The Past, Present and Future of Indexing on Persistent Memory	2022	VLDB	5.6367484e-05
7,004	Zen: a High-Throughput Log-Free OLTP Engine for Non-Volatile Main Memory	2021	VLDB	5.621848e-05
7,982	DecLog: Decentralized Logging in Non-Volatile Memory for Time Series Database Systems	2024	VLDB	5.4114146e-05
8,082	Buffered Persistence in B+ Trees	2024	SIGMOD	5.3917406e-05
8,247	Pea Hash: A Performant Extendible Adaptive Hashing Index	2023	SIGMOD	5.3678887e-05
8,669	Cost Modelling for Optimal Data Placement in Heterogeneous Main Memory	2022	VLDB	5.2905276e-05
9,333	PerMA-Bench: Benchmarking Persistent Memory Access	2022	VLDB	5.1916822e-05
9,334	Tair-PMem: A Fully Durable Non-Volatile Memory Database	2022	VLDB	5.1916822e-05
9,696	FluidKV: Seamlessly Bridging the Gap between Indexing Performance and Memory-Footprint on Ultra-Fast Storage	2024	VLDB	5.1380769e-05
9,697	BonsaiKV: Towards Fast, Scalable, and Persistent Key-Value Stores with Tiered, Heterogeneous Memory System	2024	VLDB	5.1380769e-05
10,425	ART That Lasts: Persistent Multiversion Adaptive Radix Trees with Fast Atomic Range Queries	2026	SIGMOD	4.9769913e-05
10,486	LINE: A Learned Index with Group-Enhanced Leaves and Cache-Optimized Inner Tree	2026	SIGMOD	4.9769913e-05
10,640	DART: A Lock-free Two-layer Hashed ART Index for Disaggregated Memory	2026	SIGMOD	4.9769913e-05
10,737	SIDLE: Tree-structure Aware Indexes for CXL-based Heterogeneous Memory	2026	VLDB	4.9769913e-05
11,245	FB+-tree: A Memory-Optimized B+-tree with Latch-Free Update	2025	VLDB	4.9769913e-05
11,561	Breathing New Life into An Old Tree: Resolving Logging Dilemma of B+-tree on Modern Computational Storage Drives	2024	VLDB	4.9769913e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 8 of 8 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
68	Making B+-Trees Cache Conscious in Main Memory	2000	SIGMOD	0.00037957995
502	FPTree: A Hybrid SCM-DRAM Persistent and Concurrent B-Tree for Storage Class Memory	2016	SIGMOD	0.00017250394
547	Improving Index Performance through Prefetching	2001	SIGMOD	0.00016575635
630	Persistent B+-Trees in Non-Volatile Main Memory	2015	VLDB	0.00015412011
670	Rethinking Database Algorithms for Phase Change Memory	2011	CIDR	0.00014959574
966	BzTree: A High-Performance Latch-free Range Index for Non-Volatile Memory	2018	VLDB	0.00012806678
1,313	X-Engine: An Optimized Storage Engine for Large-scale E-commerce Transaction Processing	2019	SIGMOD	0.00011055196
2,791	Utilization of B-trees with Inserts, Deletes and Modifies	1989	PODS	8.0061967e-05

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1	4,635	PLIN: A Persistent Learned Index for Non-Volatile Memory with High Performance and Instant Recovery	2023	VLDB
2	7,029	BP-tree: Overcoming the Point-Range Operation Tradeoff for In-Memory B-trees	2023	VLDB
3	1,839	Main-Memory Index Structures with Fixed-Size Partial Keys	2001	SIGMOD
4	6,070	When Tree Meets Hash: Reducing Random Reads for Index Structures on Persistent Memories	2023	SIGMOD
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