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A Comprehensive Survey and Experimental Comparison of Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search

Summary: Comprehensive survey and experimental comparison of 13 graph-based ANNS algorithms, using a new taxonomy and a fine-grained pipeline. Uniform evaluation on eight real-world and twelve synthetic datasets reveals trends, actionable guidance, and principled directions toward improved, state-of-the-art ANNS. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
12379
Venue
VLDB
Year
2021
Pagerank
0.00016963981
Overall Rank
763 | 94.70%
DOI
10.14778/3476249.3476255

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 68 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2,002 Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in Multi-dimensional Databases 2023 SIGMOD 9.8258191e-05
2,287 RaBitQ: Quantizing High-Dimensional Vectors with a Theoretical Error Bound for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 9.1004806e-05
2,692 Starling: An I/O-Efficient Disk-Resident Graph Index Framework for High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search on Data Segment 2024 SIGMOD 8.2857267e-05
2,772 High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: with Reliable and Efficient Distance Comparison Operations 2023 SIGMOD 8.1491893e-05
2,969 Towards Efficient Index Construction and Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in High-Dimensional Spaces 2023 VLDB 7.7955562e-05
3,403 ELPIS: Graph-Based Similarity Search for Scalable Data Science 2023 VLDB 7.1338786e-05
3,541 Similarity search in the blink of an eye with compressed indices 2023 VLDB 6.9910982e-05
3,552 SeRF: Segment Graph for Range-Filtering Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 6.9765275e-05
4,551 iRangeGraph: Improvising Range-dedicated Graphs for Range-filtering Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 6.0864316e-05
4,600 Practical and Asymptotically Optimal Quantization of High-Dimensional Vectors in Euclidean Space for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 6.0528015e-05
4,622 Graph-Based Vector Search: An Experimental Evaluation of the State-of-the-Art 2025 SIGMOD 6.0356382e-05
5,028 Navigating Labels and Vectors: A Unified Approach to Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 5.7447815e-05
5,186 SymphonyQG: Towards Symphonious Integration of Quantization and Graph for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 5.6352814e-05
5,236 RoarGraph: A Projected Bipartite Graph for Efficient Cross-Modal Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 VLDB 5.6077913e-05
5,577 Revisiting the Index Construction of Proximity Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 5.423881e-05
6,375 DET-LSH: A Locality-Sensitive Hashing Scheme with Dynamic Encoding Tree for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 VLDB 5.0868008e-05
6,970 AquaPipe: A Quality-Aware Pipeline for Knowledge Retrieval and Large Language Models 2025 SIGMOD 4.8740302e-05
7,090 Dumpy: A Compact and Adaptive Index for Large Data Series Collections 2023 SIGMOD 4.8318862e-05
7,235 Efficient Data-aware Distance Comparison Operations for High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 4.7882389e-05
7,307 Steiner-Hardness: A Query Hardness Measure for Graph-Based ANN Indexes 2024 VLDB 4.7623207e-05
7,542 A Topology-Aware Localized Update Strategy for Graph-Based ANN Index 2026 VLDB 4.7103816e-05
7,612 UNIFY: Unified Index for Range Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbors Search 2025 VLDB 4.6919232e-05
7,843 GTI: Graph-based Tree Index with Logarithm Updates for Nearest Neighbor Search in High-Dimensional Spaces 2025 VLDB 4.6335219e-05
7,848 Subspace Collision: An Efficient and Accurate Framework for High-dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 4.6323445e-05
7,881 PDX: A Data Layout for Vector Similarity Search 2025 SIGMOD 4.6248028e-05
8,161 TOD: GPU-accelerated Outlier Detection via Tensor Operations 2023 VLDB 4.5688249e-05
8,167 GTS: GPU-based Tree Index for Fast Similarity Search 2024 SIGMOD 4.567569e-05
8,239 MIRAGE-ANNS: Mixed Approach Graph-based Indexing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 4.5471319e-05
8,418 DIGRA: A Dynamic Graph Indexing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search with Range Filter 2025 SIGMOD 4.5119865e-05
8,419 Efficient Dynamic Indexing for Range Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 4.5119865e-05
8,430 Accelerating Graph Indexing for ANNS on Modern CPUs 2025 SIGMOD 4.508568e-05
8,484 Maximum Inner Product is Query-Scaled Nearest Neighbor 2025 VLDB 4.4956257e-05
8,495 DEG: Efficient Hybrid Vector Search Using the Dynamic Edge Navigation Graph 2025 SIGMOD 4.4938255e-05
8,899 Fast Approximate Similarity Join in Vector Databases 2025 SIGMOD 4.4229886e-05
9,296 DARTH: Declarative Recall Through Early Termination for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.3577746e-05
9,552 Cohesiveness-aware Hierarchical Compressed Index for Community Search on Attributed Graphs 2025 SIGMOD 4.3212967e-05
9,879 CoTra: Towards Efficient and Scalable Distributed Vector Search with RDMA 2026 SIGMOD 4.2602815e-05
9,913 RWalks: Random Walks as Attribute Diffusers for Filtered Vector Search 2025 SIGMOD 4.2520778e-05
10,006 Proximity Graphs for Similarity Search: Fast Construction, Lower Bounds, and Euclidean Separation 2026 PODS 4.1905499e-05
10,031 PGTuner: An Efficient Framework for Automatic and Transferable Configuration Tuning of Proximity Graphs 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,039 VecFlow: A High-Performance Vector Data Management System for Filtered-Search on GPUs 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,042 Accelerating High-Dimensional ANN Search via Skipping Redundant Distance Computations 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,052 Attribute Filtering in Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: An In-depth Experimental Study 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,054 Beyond Vector Search: Querying With and Without Predicates 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,071 Dynamically Detect and Fix Hardness for Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,073 Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search via Hemi-Sphere Centroids Graph 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,095 NeurStore: Efficient In-database Deep Learning Model Management System 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,111 Scalable Graph Indexing using GPUs for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,129 WoW: A Window-to-Window Incremental Index for Range-Filtering Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,146 CANDOR-Bench: Benchmarking In-Memory Continuous ANNS under Dynamic Open-World Streams [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 9 of 9 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
78 A Quantitative Analysis and Performance Study for Similarity-Search Methods in High-Dimensional Spaces 1998 VLDB 0.00056385781
210 Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search With The Navigating Spreading-out Graph 2019 VLDB 0.00034086264
331 The Query By Image Content (QBIC) System 1995 SIGMOD 0.00027199905
596 Query-Aware Locality-Sensitive Hashing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2016 VLDB 0.00019455943
730 AnalyticDB-V: A Hybrid Analytical Engine Towards Query Fusion for Structured and Unstructured Data 2020 VLDB 0.00017443615
1,013 HD-Index: Pushing the Scalability-Accuracy Boundary for Approximate kNN Search in High-Dimensional Spaces 2018 VLDB 0.00014632051
1,347 Improving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search through Learned Adaptive Early Termination 2020 SIGMOD 0.00012463441
2,434 iDEC: Indexable Distance Estimating Codes for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2020 VLDB 8.8225986e-05
5,349 Permutation Search Methods are Efficient, Yet Faster Search is Possible 2015 VLDB 5.5541926e-05
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Semantically Similar Papers

Overall Rank Paper Year Venue Pagerank
10,575 Unleashing Graph Partitioning for Large-Scale Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
8,239 MIRAGE-ANNS: Mixed Approach Graph-based Indexing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 4.5471319e-05
10,166 FGIM: a Fast Graph-based Indexes Merging Framework for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
5,577 Revisiting the Index Construction of Proximity Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 5.423881e-05
1,347 Improving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search through Learned Adaptive Early Termination 2020 SIGMOD 0.00012463441
10,052 Attribute Filtering in Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: An In-depth Experimental Study 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,073 Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search via Hemi-Sphere Centroids Graph 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
210 Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search With The Navigating Spreading-out Graph 2019 VLDB 0.00034086264
10,165 Fast-Convergent Proximity Graphs for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
2,002 Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in Multi-dimensional Databases 2023 SIGMOD 9.8258191e-05