Waffle: In-memory Grid Index for Moving Objects with Reinforcement Learning-based Configuration Tuning System

Summary: Waffle is an in-memory grid index for moving objects that groups neighboring cells into tunable chunks to balance heavy updates and scan queries. WaffleMaker uses online reinforcement learning to tune index knobs and rebuild non-blockingly as movement workloads evolve. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID: 12918
Venue: VLDB
Year: 2022
Pagerank: 5.227679e-05
Overall Rank: 9,739 | 33.19%
DOI: 10.14778/3551793.3551800

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

1. Dalsu Choi (Korea University)
2. Hyunsik Yoon (Korea University)
3. Hyubjin Lee (Korea University)
4. Yon Dohn Chung (Korea University)

BibTeX Citation

@article{choi_vldb22,
        title = {{Waffle: In-memory Grid Index for Moving Objects with Reinforcement Learning-based Configuration Tuning System}},
        author = {Choi, Dalsu and Yoon, Hyunsik and Lee, Hyubjin and Chung, Yon Dohn},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '22},
        volume = {15},
        number = {11},
        pages = {2375--2388},
        doi = {10.14778/3551793.3551800},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3551793.3551800},
        year = {2022}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 2 of 2 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
10,469	LM-Tree: A Hybrid Learned Index for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces	2026	SIGMOD	5.093636e-05
11,478	Demonstrating Waffle: A Self-driving Grid Index	2023	VLDB	5.093636e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 17 of 17 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
43	The Case for Learned Index Structures	2018	SIGMOD	0.00046060254
86	Automatic Database Management System Tuning Through Large-scale Machine Learning	2017	SIGMOD	0.00035316107
334	An End-to-End Automatic Cloud Database Tuning System Using Deep Reinforcement Learning	2019	SIGMOD	0.00020875082
347	Tuning Database Configuration Parameters with iTuned	2009	VLDB	0.00020651582
498	QTune: A Query-Aware Database Tuning System with Deep Reinforcement Learning	2019	VLDB	0.00017440583
873	Learning Multi-dimensional Indexes	2020	SIGMOD	0.00013481915
1,174	Tsunami: A Learned Multi-dimensional Index for Correlated Data and Skewed Workloads	2021	VLDB	0.00011817414
1,279	AI Meets AI: Leveraging Query Executions to Improve Index Recommendations	2019	SIGMOD	0.00011361878
1,344	An Inquiry into Machine Learning-based Automatic Configuration Tuning Services on Real-World Database Management Systems	2021	VLDB	0.00011094717
1,418	LISA: A Learned Index Structure for Spatial Data	2020	SIGMOD	0.00010835539
1,840	Effectively Learning Spatial Indices	2020	VLDB	9.6404567e-05
3,116	ResTune: Resource Oriented Tuning Boosted by Meta-Learning for Cloud Databases	2021	SIGMOD	7.7390737e-05
3,219	iBTune: Individualized Buffer Tuning for Large-scale Cloud Databases	2019	VLDB	7.6283153e-05
3,346	CGPTuner: a Contextual Gaussian Process Bandit Approach for the Automatic Tuning of IT Configurations Under Varying Workload Conditions	2021	VLDB	7.4967834e-05
4,751	The RLR-Tree: A Reinforcement Learning Based R-Tree for Spatial Data	2023	SIGMOD	6.5241784e-05
6,488	Parallel Main-Memory Indexing for Moving-Object Query and Update Workloads	2012	SIGMOD	5.865078e-05
8,127	The Case for NLP-Enhanced Database Tuning: Towards Tuning Tools that “Read the Manual”	2021	VLDB	5.4826853e-05

Semantically Similar Papers

#	Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue
1	3,394	Prediction and Indexing of Moving Objects with Unknown Motion Patterns	2004	SIGMOD
2	560	Indexing the Positions of Continuously Moving Objects	2000	SIGMOD
3	5,395	AQWA: Adaptive Query-Workload-Aware Partitioning of Big Spatial Data	2015	VLDB
4	8,787	Adaptive Location Constraint Processing	2007	SIGMOD
5	1,698	A Generic Framework for Monitoring Continuous Spatial Queries over Moving Objects	2005	SIGMOD
6	8,434	Waffle: An Online Oblivious Datastore for Protecting Data Access Patterns	2023	SIGMOD
7	7,463	Effectively Indexing Uncertain Moving Objects for Predictive Queries	2009	VLDB
8	6,488	Parallel Main-Memory Indexing for Moving-Object Query and Update Workloads	2012	SIGMOD
9	8,200	Waffle: A Workload-Aware and Query-Sensitive Framework for Disk-Based Spatial Indexing	2023	VLDB
10	11,478	Demonstrating Waffle: A Self-driving Grid Index	2023	VLDB