The Case for Learned Index Structures

Summary: Indexes treated as models; learned indexes proposed as replacements for B-Tree, Hash, and Bitmap indexes. The paper analyzes theoretical conditions under which learned indexes outperform traditional ones and reports initial results, signaling ML-driven data management as a design paradigm. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: 5555
Venue: SIGMOD
Year: 2018
Pagerank: 0.00049545203
Overall Rank: 102 | 99.30%
DOI: 10.1145/3183713.3196909

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 6 of 206 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
11,445	Learning Algorithms for Automatic Data Structure Design	2021	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05
11,486	Learning-Aided Heuristics Design for Storage System	2021	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05
11,504	LES3: Learning-based Exact Set Similarity Search	2021	VLDB	4.1945683e-05
11,543	Migrating a Privacy-Safe Information Extraction System to a Software 2.0 Design	2020	CIDR	4.1945683e-05
11,569	From Worst-Case to Average-Case Analysis: Accurate Latency Predictions for Key-Value Storage Engines	2020	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05
11,572	Workload-Aware Column Imprints	2020	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 18 of 18 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
32	Differential Files: Their Application To The Maintenance Of Large Data Bases	1976	SIGMOD	0.00077486306
44	The Design Of Postgres	1986	SIGMOD	0.00071838587
103	Making B+-Trees Cache Conscious in Main Memory	2000	SIGMOD	0.00049150032
233	A Study of Index Structures for Main Memory Database Management Systems	1986	VLDB	0.00032021526
368	Small Materialized Aggregates: A Light Weight Index Structure for Data Warehousing	1998	VLDB	0.000254931
381	FAST: Fast Architecture Sensitive Tree Search on Modern CPUs and GPUs	2010	SIGMOD	0.00024873637
720	Building a Database on S3	2008	SIGMOD	0.00017615431
1,213	RDF-3X: a RISC-style Engine for RDF	2008	VLDB	0.0001325231
1,312	Reducing the Storage Overhead of Main-Memory OLTP Databases with Hybrid Indexes	2016	SIGMOD	0.00012652548
1,471	Adaptive Range Filters for Cold Data: Avoiding Trips to Siberia	2013	VLDB	0.00011830111
1,696	A Seven-Dimensional Analysis of Hashing Methods and its Implications on Query Processing	2016	VLDB	0.00010881034
1,711	SCADS: Scale-Independent Storage for Social Computing Applications	2009	CIDR	0.0001080509
1,819	The End of a Myth: Distributed Transactions Can Scale	2017	VLDB	0.00010429773
1,873	An Architecture for Compiling UDF-centric Workflows	2015	VLDB	0.00010253002
1,913	BF-Tree: Approximate Tree Indexing	2014	VLDB	0.00010113937
3,777	A Hybrid B+-tree as Solution for In-Memory Indexing on CPU-GPU Heterogeneous Computing Platforms	2016	SIGMOD	6.7750901e-05
3,912	Two Birds, One Stone: A Fast, yet Lightweight, Indexing Scheme for Modern Database Systems	2017	VLDB	6.6354964e-05
4,897	The Wavelet Trie: Maintaining an Indexed Sequence of Strings in Compressed Space	2012	PODS	5.8469152e-05

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Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
8,811	Tuning Hierarchical Learned Indexes on Disk and Beyond	2022	SIGMOD	4.4441574e-05
5,157	Hist-Tree: Those Who Ignore It Are Doomed to Learn	2021	CIDR	5.6589595e-05
9,746	Why Are Learned Indexes So Effective but Sometimes Ineffective?	2025	VLDB	4.2897489e-05
6,445	Updatable Learned Indexes Meet Disk-Resident DBMS - From Evaluations to Design Choices	2023	SIGMOD	5.0589805e-05
2,552	Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions	2021	VLDB	8.5530411e-05
4,128	Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready?	2022	VLDB	6.4292373e-05
2,678	Effectively Learning Spatial Indices	2020	VLDB	8.3252088e-05
7,390	Making In-Memory Learned Indexes Efficient on Disk	2024	SIGMOD	4.7431654e-05
5,074	Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation	2023	VLDB	5.7175726e-05
1,460	Benchmarking Learned Indexes	2021	VLDB	0.00011887068