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Estimating Join Selectivities using Bandwidth-Optimized Kernel Density Models

Summary: Bandwidth-optimized KDE for join selectivity; builds from join-result samples and combines base-table KDEs for single- and multi-join cardinalities. Outperforms sketching and sampling baselines on synthetic and real data with GPU-efficient evaluation. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
11707
Venue
VLDB
Year
2017
Pagerank
8.9610447e-05
Overall Rank
2,203 | 84.89%
DOI
10.14778/3137765.3137767

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{kiefer_vldb17,
        title = {{Estimating Join Selectivities using Bandwidth-Optimized Kernel Density Models}},
        author = {Kiefer, Martin and Heimel, Max and Breß, Sebastian and Markl, Volker},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '17},
        volume = {10},
        number = {13},
        pages = {2085--2096},
        doi = {10.14778/3137765.3137767},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3137765.3137767},
        year = {2017}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 26 of 26 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
401 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00019092557
513 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00017190574
1,061 Are We Ready For Learned Cardinality Estimation? 2021 VLDB 0.00012369764
1,122 Cardinality Estimation in DBMS: A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluation 2022 VLDB 0.0001209124
1,573 Deep Learning Models for Selectivity Estimation of Multi-Attribute Queries 2020 SIGMOD 0.00010328171
1,876 Flow-Loss: Learning Cardinality Estimates That Matter 2021 VLDB 9.5717543e-05
1,988 FLAT: Fast, Lightweight and Accurate Method for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 9.3501502e-05
2,620 Fauce: Fast and Accurate Deep Ensembles with Uncertainty for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 8.3363963e-05
2,723 Learned Cardinality Estimation: A Design Space Exploration and A Comparative Evaluation 2022 VLDB 8.2049453e-05
2,991 FactorJoin: A New Cardinality Estimation Framework for Join Queries 2023 SIGMOD 7.8880723e-05
3,086 A Unified Deep Model of Learning from both Data and Queries for Cardinality Estimation 2021 SIGMOD 7.7708642e-05
3,283 A Learned Sketch for Subgraph Counting 2021 SIGMOD 7.56675e-05
3,545 Astrid: Accurate Selectivity Estimation for String Predicates using Deep Learning 2021 VLDB 7.3249967e-05
3,688 FACE: A Normalizing Flow based Cardinality Estimator 2022 VLDB 7.201795e-05
4,349 ALECE: An Attention-based Learned Cardinality Estimator for SPJ Queries on Dynamic Workloads 2024 VLDB 6.7504619e-05
4,368 Lightweight and Accurate Cardinality Estimation by Neural Network Gaussian Process 2022 SIGMOD 6.7393882e-05
4,900 COMPASS: Online Sketch-based Query Optimization for In-Memory Databases 2021 SIGMOD 6.4534715e-05
6,957 Design and Analysis of a Processing-in-DIMM Join Algorithm: A Case Study with UPMEM DIMMs 2023 SIGMOD 5.7303405e-05
7,290 Learning to be a Statistician: Learned Estimator for Number of Distinct Values 2022 VLDB 5.6540503e-05
7,829 Robust Query Processing: Mission Possible 2020 VLDB 5.5360082e-05
9,793 Selectivity Estimation for Queries Containing Predicates over Set-Valued Attributes 2023 SIGMOD 5.2193018e-05
10,028 PRICE: A Pretrained Model for Cross-Database Cardinality Estimation 2025 VLDB 5.1745962e-05
10,097 SSCard: Substring Cardinality Estimation using Suffix Tree-Guided Learned FM-Index 2026 SIGMOD 5.1502319e-05
10,851 ACE: A Cardinality Estimator for Set-Valued Queries 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,160 Sub-optimal Join Order Identification with L1-error 2024 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
11,194 Enabling Adaptive Sampling for Intra-Window Join: Simultaneously Optimizing Quantity and Quality 2024 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 22 of 22 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1 Access Path Selection in a Relational Database Management System 1979 SIGMOD 0.0024089429
18 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00059284255
54 On Random Sampling over Joins 1999 SIGMOD 0.00040810225
89 On the Propagation of Errors in the Size of Join Results 1991 SIGMOD 0.00035031529
100 LEO - DB2's LEarning Optimizer 2001 VLDB 0.00034385207
159 CORDS: Automatic Discovery of Correlations and Soft Functional Dependencies 2004 SIGMOD 0.00028129426
280 Selectivity Estimation using Probabilistic Models 2001 SIGMOD 0.00022454217
365 STHoles: A Multidimensional Workload-Aware Histogram 2001 SIGMOD 0.00020041735
388 Preventing Bad Plans by Bounding the Impact of Cardinality Estimation Errors 2009 VLDB 0.00019410042
418 Tracking Join and Self-Join Sizes in Limited Storage 1999 PODS 0.00018812821
492 Robust Query Processing through Progressive Optimization 2004 SIGMOD 0.0001756877
694 Cardinality Estimation Done Right: Index-Based Join Sampling 2017 CIDR 0.00014911698
730 Bifocal Sampling for Skew-Resistant Join Size Estimation 1996 SIGMOD 0.00014539362
737 Join Size Estimation Subject to Filter Conditions 2015 VLDB 0.00014490983
912 Hardware-Oblivious Parallelism for In-Memory Column-Stores 2013 VLDB 0.00013269804
984 Analyzing Plan Diagrams of Database Query Optimizers 2005 VLDB 0.00012825643
1,071 Lightweight Graphical Models for Selectivity Estimation Without Independence Assumptions 2011 VLDB 0.00012322342
1,440 On the Relative Cost of Sampling for Join Selectivity Estimation 1994 PODS 0.00010778889
1,503 Self-Tuning, GPU-Accelerated Kernel Density Models for Multidimensional Selectivity Estimation 2015 SIGMOD 0.000105564
2,404 Cardinality Estimation Using Sample Views with Quality Assurance 2007 SIGMOD 8.6225576e-05
2,713 Robust Query Processing in Co-Processor-accelerated Databases 2016 SIGMOD 8.2122726e-05
4,857 Similarity Join Size Estimation using Locality Sensitive Hashing 2011 VLDB 6.4752373e-05
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# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
1 1,536 Improved Selectivity Estimation by Combining Knowledge from Sampling and Synopses 2018 VLDB
2 3,309 Conditional Selectivity for Statistics on Query Expressions 2004 SIGMOD
3 1,499 Pessimistic Cardinality Estimation: Tighter Upper Bounds for Intermediate Join Cardinalities 2019 SIGMOD
4 1,664 Two-Level Sampling for Join Size Estimation 2017 SIGMOD
5 694 Cardinality Estimation Done Right: Index-Based Join Sampling 2017 CIDR
6 2,991 FactorJoin: A New Cardinality Estimation Framework for Join Queries 2023 SIGMOD
7 4,846 A Comparison of Selectivity Estimators for Range Queries on Metric Attributes 1999 SIGMOD
8 1,573 Deep Learning Models for Selectivity Estimation of Multi-Attribute Queries 2020 SIGMOD
9 280 Selectivity Estimation using Probabilistic Models 2001 SIGMOD
10 1,503 Self-Tuning, GPU-Accelerated Kernel Density Models for Multidimensional Selectivity Estimation 2015 SIGMOD