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Sample-Efficient Cardinality Estimation Using Geometric Deep Learning

Summary: A sample-efficient learned cardinality estimator uses geometric deep learning over join graphs, predicate feature-selection encodings, and relational-algebra/three-valued-logic regularization without extra labels. It improves PostgreSQL end-to-end runtime under sparse training and workload shifts. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
13938
Venue
VLDB
Year
2024
Pagerank
6.1123894e-05
Overall Rank
5,712 | 60.82%
DOI
10.14778/3636218.3636229

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{reiner_vldb24,
        title = {{Sample-Efficient Cardinality Estimation Using Geometric Deep Learning}},
        author = {Reiner, Silvan and Grossniklaus, Michael},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '24},
        volume = {17},
        number = {4},
        pages = {740--752},
        doi = {10.14778/3636218.3636229},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3636218.3636229},
        year = {2024}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 14 of 14 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
6,088 How Good are Learned Cost Models, Really? Insights from Query Optimization Tasks 2025 SIGMOD 5.9813965e-05
8,163 Learned Offline Query Planning via Bayesian Optimization 2025 SIGMOD 5.4751517e-05
9,601 Low Rank Learning for Offline Query Optimization 2025 SIGMOD 5.2487799e-05
9,617 NeuSO: Neural Optimizer for Subgraph Queries 2026 SIGMOD 5.2434488e-05
9,626 Spatial Query Optimization With Learning 2024 VLDB 5.2434488e-05
9,867 SPACE: Cardinality Estimation for Path Queries Using Cardinality-Aware Sequence-based Learning 2025 SIGMOD 5.2043672e-05
9,958 A Practical Theory of Generalization in Selectivity Learning 2025 VLDB 5.1879626e-05
9,971 Athena: An Effective Learning-based Framework for Query Optimizer Performance Improvement 2025 SIGMOD 5.1845938e-05
10,316 GenJoin: Conditional Generative Plan-to-Plan Query Optimizer that Learns from Subplan Hints 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,438 CorrBound: Cardinality Estimation Accounting for Inter- and Intra-relation Correlations 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,515 Sample-based Distinct Cardinality Estimation for Multiple Attributes in Multi-Dataset Queries 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,559 OBELISK: Efficient Offline Query Planning with Bayesian Optimization-Informed Language Model Reasoning 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,083 Graph Transformers for Query Plan Representation: Potentials and Challenges 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,103 RankPQO: Learning-to-Rank for Parametric Query Optimization 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 26 of 26 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
18 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00059284255
84 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00035838391
154 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.00028726181
323 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00021264788
378 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00019638121
388 Preventing Bad Plans by Bounding the Impact of Cardinality Estimation Errors 2009 VLDB 0.00019410042
401 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00019092557
465 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.0001803934
513 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00017190574
697 Selectivity Estimation for Range Predicates using Lightweight Models 2019 VLDB 0.00014888851
1,061 Are We Ready For Learned Cardinality Estimation? 2021 VLDB 0.00012369764
1,122 Cardinality Estimation in DBMS: A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluation 2022 VLDB 0.0001209124
1,241 Balsa: Learning a Query Optimizer Without Expert Demonstrations 2022 SIGMOD 0.00011521639
1,832 DSB: A Decision Support Benchmark for Workload-Driven and Traditional Database Systems 2021 VLDB 9.6607418e-05
1,876 Flow-Loss: Learning Cardinality Estimates That Matter 2021 VLDB 9.5717543e-05
1,988 FLAT: Fast, Lightweight and Accurate Method for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 9.3501502e-05
2,355 QueryFormer: A Tree Transformer Model for Query Plan Representation 2022 VLDB 8.7022189e-05
2,420 Lero: A Learning-to-Rank Query Optimizer 2023 VLDB 8.605257e-05
2,543 Learned Cardinality Estimation: An In-depth Study 2022 SIGMOD 8.4445934e-05
2,620 Fauce: Fast and Accurate Deep Ensembles with Uncertainty for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 8.3363963e-05
2,762 Cost-based or Learning-based? A Hybrid Query Optimizer for Query Plan Selection 2022 VLDB 8.1539867e-05
2,844 Zero-Shot Cost Models for Out-of-the-box Learned Cost Prediction 2022 VLDB 8.0608767e-05
2,991 FactorJoin: A New Cardinality Estimation Framework for Join Queries 2023 SIGMOD 7.8880723e-05
3,338 Robust Query Driven Cardinality Estimation under Changing Workloads 2023 VLDB 7.5068221e-05
3,516 LOGER: A Learned Optimizer towards Generating Efficient and Robust Query Execution Plans 2023 VLDB 7.3524442e-05
6,357 A Unified Transferable Model for ML-Enhanced DBMS 2022 CIDR 5.9020843e-05
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1 1,061 Are We Ready For Learned Cardinality Estimation? 2021 VLDB
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3 3,338 Robust Query Driven Cardinality Estimation under Changing Workloads 2023 VLDB
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