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Zero-Shot Cost Models for Out-of-the-box Learned Cost Prediction

Summary: Zero-shot cost models deliver out-of-the-box learned cost estimation that generalizes to unseen databases without training queries. A novel architecture and workload encoding enable transfer from pre-trained models, outperforming workload-driven baselines and supporting few-shot refinement on new databases. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
12916
Venue
VLDB
Year
2022
Pagerank
8.0608767e-05
Overall Rank
2,844 | 80.49%
DOI
10.14778/3551793.3551799

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{hilprecht_vldb22,
        title = {{Zero-Shot Cost Models for Out-of-the-box Learned Cost Prediction}},
        author = {Hilprecht, Benjamin and Binnig, Carsten},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '22},
        volume = {15},
        number = {11},
        pages = {2361--2374},
        doi = {10.14778/3551793.3551799},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3551793.3551799},
        year = {2022}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 34 of 34 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
950 CAESURA: Language Models as Multi-Modal Query Planners 2024 CIDR 0.0001302491
3,809 Auto-WLM: Machine Learning Enhanced Workload Management in Amazon Redshift 2023 SIGMOD 7.1074195e-05
5,107 Stage: Query Execution Time Prediction in Amazon Redshift 2024 SIGMOD 6.3623786e-05
5,712 Sample-Efficient Cardinality Estimation Using Geometric Deep Learning 2024 VLDB 6.1123894e-05
6,088 How Good are Learned Cost Models, Really? Insights from Query Optimization Tasks 2025 SIGMOD 5.9813965e-05
6,921 Rethinking Learned Cost Models: Why Start from Scratch? 2023 SIGMOD 5.7388557e-05
7,755 Blueprinting the Cloud: Unifying and Automatically Optimizing Cloud Data Infrastructures with BRAD 2024 VLDB 5.5519655e-05
8,163 Learned Offline Query Planning via Bayesian Optimization 2025 SIGMOD 5.4751517e-05
8,494 POLAR: Adaptive and Non-invasive Join Order Selection via Plans of Least Resistance 2024 VLDB 5.4142129e-05
8,572 T3: Accurate and Fast Performance Prediction for Relational Database Systems With Compiled Decision Trees 2025 SIGMOD 5.4102362e-05
8,849 ByteCard: Enhancing ByteDance’s Data Warehouse with Learned Cardinality Estimation 2024 SIGMOD 5.3577504e-05
8,854 Towards Foundation Database Models 2025 CIDR 5.357608e-05
8,861 Optimizing the cloud? Don't train models. Build oracles! 2024 CIDR 5.355716e-05
9,428 LIMAO: A Framework for Lifelong Modular Learned Query Optimization 2025 VLDB 5.2709145e-05
9,601 Low Rank Learning for Offline Query Optimization 2025 SIGMOD 5.2487799e-05
9,615 Wii: Dynamic Budget Reallocation In Index Tuning 2024 SIGMOD 5.2436464e-05
10,028 PRICE: A Pretrained Model for Cross-Database Cardinality Estimation 2025 VLDB 5.1745962e-05
10,066 Check Out the Big Brain on BRAD: Simplifying Cloud Data Processing with Learned Automated Data Meshes 2023 VLDB 5.1643809e-05
10,108 An Elephant Under The Microscope: Analyzing The Interaction Of Optimizer Components In PostgreSQL 2025 SIGMOD 5.1347137e-05
10,196 Are Learned DBMS Components Robust to Workload Drift?: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,232 EncoderForge: Generating Efficient SQL for Encoders in Machine Learning Inference Pipelines 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,316 GenJoin: Conditional Generative Plan-to-Plan Query Optimizer that Learns from Subplan Hints 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,413 Understanding and Detecting Query Performance Regression in Practical Index Tuning: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,492 Reqo: A Comprehensive Learning-Based Cost Model for Robust and Explainable Query Optimization 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,506 This is Going to Sound Crazy, But What If We Used Large Language Models to Boost Automatic Database Tuning Algorithms By Leveraging Prior History? We Will Find Better Configurations More Quickly Than Retraining From Scratch! 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,553 AQD: Online Adaptive Query Dispatcher for HTAP Databases 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,559 OBELISK: Efficient Offline Query Planning with Bayesian Optimization-Informed Language Model Reasoning 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,626 Libra: One-Shot Parameter Sensitivity Estimation for Transfer Learning in Database Performance Prediction 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,815 Esc: An Early-Stopping Checker for Budget-aware Index Tuning 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,969 Improving DBMS Scheduling Decisions with Accurate Performance Prediction on Concurrent Queries 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,023 Opening The Black-Box: Explaining Learned Cost Models For Databases 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,065 Learned Cost Models for Query Optimization: From Batch to Streaming Systems 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,083 Graph Transformers for Query Plan Representation: Potentials and Challenges 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,290 Presto’s History-based Query Optimizer 2024 VLDB 5.093636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 17 of 17 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
84 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00035838391
154 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.00028726181
323 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00021264788
334 An End-to-End Automatic Cloud Database Tuning System Using Deep Reinforcement Learning 2019 SIGMOD 0.00020875082
378 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00019638121
465 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.0001803934
476 The Making of TPC-DS 2006 VLDB 0.00017860667
513 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00017190574
563 Plan-Structured Deep Neural Network Models for Query Performance Prediction 2019 VLDB 0.0001650812
682 Robust Estimation of Resource Consumption for SQL Queries using Statistical Techniques 2012 VLDB 0.00015014887
1,468 Towards a Learning Optimizer for Shared Clouds 2019 VLDB 0.00010686496
2,499 Learning a Partitioning Advisor for Cloud Databases 2020 SIGMOD 8.4993549e-05
2,812 Query Performance Prediction for Concurrent Queries using Graph Embedding 2020 VLDB 8.0979597e-05
2,822 Cost Models for Big Data Query Processing: Learning, Retrofitting, and Our Findings 2020 SIGMOD 8.0898536e-05
3,953 Efficient Deep Learning Pipelines for Accurate Cost Estimations Over Large Scale Query Workload 2021 SIGMOD 6.996368e-05
6,024 Expand your Training Limits! Generating Training Data for ML-based Data Management 2021 SIGMOD 6.0031118e-05
10,041 DBMS Fitting: Why should we learn what we already know? 2020 CIDR 5.1709251e-05
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