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Logical and Physical Optimizations for SQL Query Execution over Large Language Models
Summary: Galois sits between SQL and LLMs, using LLMs as a storage layer with LLM-aware physical operators. LLM-focused optimization with dynamic metadata beats conventional plans, delivering up to 144% quality gains vs NL questions and 29% vs SQL.
(summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)
- Paper ID
- 7300
- Venue
- SIGMOD
- Year
- 2025
- Pagerank
- 5.511638e-05
- Overall Rank
- 5,429 | 62.27%
- DOI
-
10.1145/3725411
Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time
Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 5 of 5 citing papers.
Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 18 of 18 cited papers.
Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.
| Rank |
Cited Paper |
Year |
Venue |
Pagerank |
| 94 |
CrowdDB: Answering Queries with Crowdsourcing |
2011 |
SIGMOD |
0.00051273089 |
| 514 |
TURL: Table Understanding through Representation Learning |
2021 |
VLDB |
0.00021280726 |
| 997 |
CAESURA: Language Models as Multi-Modal Query Planners |
2024 |
CIDR |
0.00014726927 |
| 1,088 |
Language Models Enable Simple Systems for Generating Structured Views of Heterogeneous Data Lakes |
2024 |
VLDB |
0.00014158762 |
| 1,505 |
Symphony: Towards Natural Language Query Answering over Multi-modal Data Lakes |
2023 |
CIDR |
0.00011601232 |
| 1,756 |
Sampling-Based Query Re-Optimization |
2016 |
SIGMOD |
0.00010659753 |
| 1,839 |
DocETL: Agentic Query Rewriting and Evaluation for Complex Document Processing |
2025 |
VLDB |
0.00010351287 |
| 2,025 |
From Natural Language Processing to Neural Databases |
2021 |
VLDB |
9.7477788e-05 |
| 2,987 |
NL2SQL is a solved problem... Not! |
2024 |
CIDR |
7.77529e-05 |
| 3,003 |
Chorus: Foundation Models for Unified Data Discovery and Exploration |
2024 |
VLDB |
7.7358219e-05 |
| 3,189 |
Text2SQL is Not Enough: Unifying AI and Databases with TAG |
2025 |
CIDR |
7.4140094e-05 |
| 3,270 |
RHEEM: Enabling Cross-Platform Data Processing - May The Big Data Be With You! - |
2018 |
VLDB |
7.3013196e-05 |
| 4,529 |
Hybrid Querying Over Relational Databases and Large Language Models |
2025 |
CIDR |
6.1057096e-05 |
| 4,909 |
A Method for Optimizing Opaque Filter Queries |
2020 |
SIGMOD |
5.8354189e-05 |
| 5,001 |
GenRewrite: Query Rewriting via Large Language Models |
2026 |
SIGMOD |
5.7634197e-05 |
| 5,206 |
ThalamusDB: Approximate Query Processing on Multi-Modal Data |
2024 |
SIGMOD |
5.625641e-05 |
| 5,457 |
Transformers for Tabular Data Representation: A Tutorial on Models and Applications |
2022 |
VLDB |
5.4960654e-05 |
| 7,930 |
Entity Resolution On-Demand |
2022 |
VLDB |
4.6089604e-05 |
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| Overall Rank |
Paper |
Year |
Venue |
Pagerank |
| 10,901 |
Welding Natural Language Queries to Analytics IRs with LLMs |
2024 |
CIDR |
4.1905499e-05 |
| 5,001 |
GenRewrite: Query Rewriting via Large Language Models |
2026 |
SIGMOD |
5.7634197e-05 |
| 10,268 |
OpenSQL: Data-Efficient Text-to-SQL for Open-Source LLMs via Synthesized Intermediate Supervision |
2026 |
VLDB |
4.1905499e-05 |
| 4,908 |
Combining Small Language Models and Large Language Models for Zero-Shot NL2SQL |
2024 |
VLDB |
5.835596e-05 |
| 9,397 |
Database as Runtime: Compiling LLMs to SQL for In-database Model Serving |
2025 |
SIGMOD |
4.3399748e-05 |
| 3,465 |
LLM-R2: A Large Language Model Enhanced Rule-based Rewrite System for Boosting Query Efficiency |
2025 |
VLDB |
7.0668293e-05 |
| 4,529 |
Hybrid Querying Over Relational Databases and Large Language Models |
2025 |
CIDR |
6.1057096e-05 |
| 366 |
Text-to-SQL Empowered by Large Language Models: A Benchmark Evaluation |
2024 |
VLDB |
0.00025580097 |
| 9,992 |
Leveraging Query Optimizers to Verify the Soundness of LLM-based Query Rewrites for Real-World Workloads, and More! |
2026 |
CIDR |
4.1905499e-05 |
| 8,479 |
Can Large Language Models Be Query Optimizer for Relational Databases? |
2026 |
SIGMOD |
4.4967983e-05 |