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k-Shape: Efficient and Accurate Clustering of Time Series

Summary: k-Shape introduces a scalable iterative refinement for time-series clustering using a normalized cross-correlation distance to emphasize shape. Robust centroid computation yields homogeneous, well-separated clusters, with experiments showing it outperforms scalable baselines and most non-scalable rivals in accuracy. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h6161cd652f425723
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2015
Pagerank
0.00010182038
Overall Rank
1,579 | 89.39%
DOI
10.1145/2723372.2723779

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{paparrizos_sigmod15,
        title = {{k-Shape: Efficient and Accurate Clustering of Time Series}},
        author = {Paparrizos, John and Gravano, Luis},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '15},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/2723372.2723779},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2723372.2723779},
        year = {2015}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 38 of 38 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1,629 SAND: Streaming Subsequence Anomaly Detection 2021 VLDB 0.0001003165
1,849 Diagnosing Root Causes of Intermittent Slow Queries in Cloud Databases 2020 VLDB 9.5032324e-05
1,938 TSB-UAD: An End-to-End Benchmark Suite for Univariate Time-Series Anomaly Detection 2022 VLDB 9.334286e-05
1,974 Decomposed Bounded Floats for Fast Compression and Queries 2021 VLDB 9.2806652e-05
3,299 Volume Under the Surface: A New Accuracy Evaluation Measure for Time-Series Anomaly Detection 2022 VLDB 7.441222e-05
3,728 Choose Wisely: An Extensive Evaluation of Model Selection for Anomaly Detection in Time Series 2023 VLDB 7.0667899e-05
3,991 Time2Feat: Learning Interpretable Representations for Multivariate Time Series Clustering 2023 VLDB 6.8669111e-05
4,317 GRAIL: Efficient Time-Series Representation Learning 2019 VLDB 6.6651881e-05
4,705 Debunking Four Long-Standing Misconceptions of Time-Series Distance Measures 2020 SIGMOD 6.4591377e-05
6,192 VergeDB: A Database for IoT Analytics on Edge Devices 2021 CIDR 5.8540507e-05
6,272 An Experimental Evaluation of Anomaly Detection in Time Series 2024 VLDB 5.8268397e-05
6,519 Fast-Forwarding to Desired Visualizations with zenvisage 2017 CIDR 5.755832e-05
7,647 A Structured Study of Multivariate Time-Series Distance Measures 2025 SIGMOD 5.4746904e-05
8,235 A New Distributional Treatment for Time Series and An Anomaly Detection Investigation 2022 VLDB 5.3700475e-05
8,786 Accelerating Product Quantization Query Execution Runtime 2021 SIGMOD 5.2757715e-05
9,493 TSB-AutoAD: Towards Automated Solutions for Time-Series Anomaly Detection 2025 VLDB 5.168414e-05
9,494 Beyond Compression: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Lossless Floating-Point Compression 2025 VLDB 5.168414e-05
9,499 Time-Series Anomaly Detection: Overview and New Trends 2024 VLDB 5.168414e-05
9,571 LeaFi: Data Series Indexes on Steroids with Learned Filters 2025 SIGMOD 5.154741e-05
9,633 Theseus: Navigating the Labyrinth of Time-Series Anomaly Detection 2022 VLDB 5.1459383e-05
9,665 Odyssey: An Engine Enabling The Time-Series Clustering Journey 2023 VLDB 5.142891e-05
9,667 dCAM: Dimension-wise Class Activation Map for Explaining Multivariate Data Series Classification 2022 SIGMOD 5.142891e-05
9,670 ShapeSearch: Flexible Pattern-based Querying of Trend Line Visualizations 2018 VLDB 5.142891e-05
9,916 SPARTAN: Data-Adaptive Symbolic Time-Series Approximation 2025 SIGMOD 5.1079647e-05
10,480 HYDRA: A Multi-Level Hierarchy-Driven Approach for Robust Anomaly Detection in Time Series 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,494 MUFASA: Fast and Accurate Multivariate Time-Series Clustering 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,521 The Power of Anomaly Detection in Predictive Maintenance: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
11,063 CLaP - State Detection from Time Series 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
11,084 MS-Index: Fast Top-k Subsequence Search for Multivariate Time Series under Euclidean Distance 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
11,117 In-Database Time Series Clustering 2025 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
11,220 Understanding the Black Box: A Deep Empirical Dive into Shapley Value Approximations for Tabular Data 2025 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
11,270 Time Series Motif Discovery: A Comprehensive Evaluation 2025 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
11,355 BURST: Rendering Clustering Techniques Suitable for Evolving Streams 2025 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
11,463 Representative Time Series Discovery for Data Exploration 2025 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
11,740 F3 KM: Federated, Fair, and Fast k-means 2023 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
11,755 Accelerating Similarity Search for Elastic Measures: A Study and New Generalization of Lower Bounding Distances 2023 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
13,665 SAIL: A Voyage to Symbolic Approximation Solutions for Time-Series Analysis 2025 VLDB -
13,782 SAND in Action: Subsequence Anomaly Detection for Streams 2021 VLDB -
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 12 of 12 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
42 Fast Subsequence Matching in Time-Series Databases 1994 SIGMOD 0.00045755116
194 Locally Adaptive Dimensionality Reduction for Indexing Large Time Series Databases 2001 SIGMOD 0.00025637823
227 Robust and Fast Similarity Search for Moving Object Trajectories 2005 SIGMOD 0.00023924262
306 On The Marriage of Lp-norms and Edit Distance 2004 VLDB 0.00021565993
622 Efficiently Supporting Ad Hoc Queries in Large Datasets of Time Sequences 1997 SIGMOD 0.00015485529
679 StatStream: Statistical Monitoring of Thousands of Data Streams in Real Time 2002 VLDB 0.00014831743
916 Querying and Mining of Time Series Data: Experimental Comparison of Representations and Distance Measures 2008 VLDB 0.00013093656
1,294 Indexing Spatio-Temporal Trajectories with Chebyshev Polynomials 2004 SIGMOD 0.00011140565
1,731 Indexable PLA for Efficient Similarity Search 2007 VLDB 9.7633789e-05
2,494 An Efficient and Accurate Method for Evaluating Time Series Similarity 2007 SIGMOD 8.385219e-05
2,971 A Decade of Progress in Indexing and Mining Large Time Series Databases 2006 VLDB 7.7949928e-05
3,452 BRAID: Stream Mining through Group Lag Correlations 2005 SIGMOD 7.2873054e-05
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