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CodexDB: Synthesizing Code for Query Processing from Natural Language Instructions using GPT-3 Codex

Summary: CodexDB leverages GPT-3 Codex to synthesize query-processing code from natural-language instructions. Decomposing complex SQL into stepwise, NL-described processing stages augmented by user guidance and database properties; prototype attains 81% WikiSQL and 62% SPIDER. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
hd22ce62eb626fa12
Venue
VLDB
Year
2022
Pagerank
9.2807031e-05
Overall Rank
1,975 | 86.73%
DOI
10.14778/3551793.3551841

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{trummer_vldb22,
        title = {{CodexDB: Synthesizing Code for Query Processing from Natural Language Instructions using GPT-3 Codex}},
        author = {Trummer, Immanuel},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '22},
        volume = {15},
        number = {11},
        pages = {2921--2928},
        doi = {10.14778/3551793.3551841},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3551793.3551841},
        year = {2022}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 15 of 15 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
174 Text-to-SQL Empowered by Large Language Models: A Benchmark Evaluation 2024 VLDB 0.00026790979
501 Language Models Enable Simple Systems for Generating Structured Views of Heterogeneous Data Lakes 2024 VLDB 0.00017267905
3,250 How Large Language Models Will Disrupt Data Management 2023 VLDB 7.4938546e-05
4,132 SQLStorm: Taking Database Benchmarking into the LLM Era 2025 VLDB 6.7885553e-05
4,442 From BERT to GPT-3 Codex: Harnessing the Potential of Very Large Language Models for Data Management 2022 VLDB 6.5988336e-05
5,357 Can Large Language Models Predict Data Correlations from Column Names? 2023 VLDB 6.1619918e-05
6,071 Demonstrating GPT-DB: Generating Query-Specific and Customizable Code for SQL Processing with GPT-4 2023 VLDB 5.8962612e-05
7,070 E2ETune: End-to-End Knob Tuning via Fine-tuned Generative Language Model 2025 VLDB 5.6080535e-05
7,822 Bespoke OLAP: Synthesizing Workload-Specific One-size-fits-one Database Engines 2026 VLDB 5.4461624e-05
8,036 Demonstrating SQLBarber: Leveraging Large Language Models to Generate Customized and Realistic SQL Workloads 2025 SIGMOD 5.4025086e-05
9,454 SQLBarber: A System Leveraging Large Language Models to Generate Customized and Realistic SQL Workloads 2026 SIGMOD 5.1736782e-05
10,337 QueryArtisan: Generating Data Manipulation Codes for Ad-hoc Analysis in Data Lakes 2025 VLDB 5.0200193e-05
10,580 MCTuner: Spatial Decomposition-Enhanced Database Tuning via LLM-Guided Exploration 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,780 SafeQL: Search-based Refinement for Safe and Efficient LLM-based Text-to-SQL 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,973 Demonstrating GenDB: Instance-Optimized and Customized Query Processing Code Generation via LLM Agents 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 9 of 9 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1 Access Path Selection in a Relational Database Management System 1979 SIGMOD 0.0023947656
15 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00061066921
40 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00046284649
85 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00035864347
145 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.0002908188
439 ATHENA: An Ontology-Driven System for Natural Language Querying over Relational Data Stores 2016 VLDB 0.00018251249
536 NaLIR: An Interactive Natural Language Interface for Querying Relational Databases 2014 SIGMOD 0.00016771934
1,991 RPT: Relational Pre-trained Transformer Is Almost All You Need towards Democratizing Data Preparation 2021 VLDB 9.2383849e-05
3,521 Ember: No-Code Context Enrichment via Similarity-Based Keyless Joins 2022 VLDB 7.2351481e-05
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