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Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer

Summary: Neo (Neural Optimizer) uses deep neural networks to generate query execution plans, offering a learning-based alternative to hand-tuned optimizers. Bootstrapped from traditional optimizers, it learns from live queries, adapts to data patterns, is robust to estimation errors, and can match or surpass state-of-the-art engines. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
hb5f47951a0efd824
Venue
VLDB
Year
2019
Pagerank
0.00029090793
Overall Rank
144 | 99.04%
DOI
10.14778/3342263.3342644
PDF
Download (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{marcus_vldb19,
        title = {{Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer}},
        author = {Marcus, Ryan and Negi, Parimarjan and Mao, Hongzi and Zhang, Chi and Alizadeh, Mohammad and Kraska, Tim and Papaemmanouil, Olga and Tatbul, Nesime},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '19},
        volume = {12},
        number = {11},
        pages = {1705--1718},
        doi = {10.14778/3342263.3342644},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3342263.3342644},
        year = {2019}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 179 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
318 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00021166957
361 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00020000855
406 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00019050182
422 ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index 2020 SIGMOD 0.00018488849
462 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.00017836105
510 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00017059914
1,065 Are We Ready For Learned Cardinality Estimation? 2021 VLDB 0.00012202293
1,128 Qd-tree: Learning Data Layouts for Big Data Analytics 2020 SIGMOD 0.00011901941
1,155 QuickSel: Quick Selectivity Learning with Mixture Models 2020 SIGMOD 0.00011777046
1,195 Balsa: Learning a Query Optimizer Without Expert Demonstrations 2022 SIGMOD 0.00011574218
1,245 DB-BERT: A Database Tuning Tool that "Reads the Manual" 2022 SIGMOD 0.0001136308
1,525 Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions 2021 VLDB 0.00010355133
1,580 Deep Learning Models for Selectivity Estimation of Multi-Attribute Queries 2020 SIGMOD 0.00010177136
1,699 Black or White? How to Develop an AutoTuner for Memory-based Analytics 2020 SIGMOD 9.8403606e-05
1,735 Flow-Loss: Learning Cardinality Estimates That Matter 2021 VLDB 9.7566604e-05
1,890 WeTune: Automatic Discovery and Verification of Query Rewrite Rules 2022 SIGMOD 9.4234723e-05
1,975 CodexDB: Synthesizing Code for Query Processing from Natural Language Instructions using GPT-3 Codex 2022 VLDB 9.2801545e-05
2,002 FLAT: Fast, Lightweight and Accurate Method for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 9.2076835e-05
2,209 Lero: A Learning-to-Rank Query Optimizer 2023 VLDB 8.8360101e-05
2,248 QueryFormer: A Tree Transformer Model for Query Plan Representation 2022 VLDB 8.7567205e-05
2,388 Vertica-ML: Distributed Machine Learning in Vertica Database 2020 SIGMOD 8.5342225e-05
2,393 A Learned Query Rewrite System using Monte Carlo Tree Search 2022 VLDB 8.5298464e-05
2,476 Learning a Partitioning Advisor for Cloud Databases 2020 SIGMOD 8.407183e-05
2,582 Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready? 2022 VLDB 8.2641447e-05
2,686 Cost-based or Learning-based? A Hybrid Query Optimizer for Query Plan Selection 2022 VLDB 8.1300913e-05
2,765 Instance-Optimized Data Layouts for Cloud Analytics Workloads 2021 SIGMOD 8.0401855e-05
2,833 Cost Models for Big Data Query Processing: Learning, Retrofitting, and Our Findings 2020 SIGMOD 7.9539771e-05
2,844 FactorJoin: A New Cardinality Estimation Framework for Join Queries 2023 SIGMOD 7.9446987e-05
2,879 Zero-Shot Cost Models for Out-of-the-box Learned Cost Prediction 2022 VLDB 7.9126862e-05
2,908 AI Meets Database: AI4DB and DB4AI 2021 SIGMOD 7.8716173e-05
2,963 Proving Query Equivalence Using Linear Integer Arithmetic 2023 SIGMOD 7.8035846e-05
3,327 Robust Query Driven Cardinality Estimation under Changing Workloads 2023 VLDB 7.4233639e-05
3,479 LOGER: A Learned Optimizer towards Generating Efficient and Robust Query Execution Plans 2023 VLDB 7.2665349e-05
3,487 HUNTER: An Online Cloud Database Hybrid Tuning System for Personalized Requirements 2022 SIGMOD 7.2603973e-05
3,563 Astrid: Accurate Selectivity Estimation for String Predicates using Deep Learning 2021 VLDB 7.2023194e-05
3,565 Auto-WLM: Machine Learning Enhanced Workload Management in Amazon Redshift 2023 SIGMOD 7.200937e-05
3,672 Leaper: A Learned Prefetcher for Cache Invalidation in LSM-tree based Storage Engines 2020 VLDB 7.1084283e-05
3,680 openGauss: An Autonomous Database System 2021 VLDB 7.1016555e-05
3,701 Stable Learned Bloom Filters for Data Streams 2020 VLDB 7.0820503e-05
3,708 The Case for a Learned Sorting Algorithm 2020 SIGMOD 7.0781032e-05
3,779 HTAP Databases: What is New and What is Next 2022 SIGMOD 7.0234898e-05
3,809 Comprehensive and Efficient Workload Compression 2021 VLDB 7.0064875e-05
3,877 FiGO: Fine-Grained Query Optimization in Video Analytics 2022 SIGMOD 6.9496983e-05
3,948 Deploying a Steered Query Optimizer in Production at Microsoft 2022 SIGMOD 6.9051584e-05
3,964 MB2: Decomposed Behavior Modeling for Self-Driving Database Management Systems 2021 SIGMOD 6.889374e-05
3,979 Efficient Deep Learning Pipelines for Accurate Cost Estimations Over Large Scale Query Workload 2021 SIGMOD 6.8791817e-05
4,080 Towards Dynamic and Safe Configuration Tuning for Cloud Databases 2022 SIGMOD 6.8151596e-05
4,138 The Art of Balance: A RateupDB Experience of Building a CPU/GPU Hybrid Database Product 2021 VLDB 6.782996e-05
4,191 Kepler: Robust Learning for Faster Parametric Query Optimization 2023 SIGMOD 6.7425275e-05
4,240 LEON: A New Framework for ML-Aided Query Optimization 2023 VLDB 6.7064546e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 14 of 14 cited papers.

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