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Astrid: Accurate Selectivity Estimation for String Predicates using Deep Learning

Summary: Astrid blends traditional pruning sketches with deep learning to estimate string selectivity for prefix, substring, and suffix queries. It offers a query-type aware embedding and a revised neural language-model objective with an efficient optimizer, achieving state-of-the-art results on benchmarks. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
12755
Venue
VLDB
Year
2021
Pagerank
7.3249967e-05
Overall Rank
3,545 | 75.68%
DOI
10.14778/3436905.3436907

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{shetiya_vldb21,
        title = {{Astrid: Accurate Selectivity Estimation for String Predicates using Deep Learning}},
        author = {Shetiya, Suraj and Thirumuruganathan, Saravanan and Koudas, Nick and Das, Gautam},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '21},
        volume = {14},
        number = {4},
        pages = {471--484},
        doi = {10.14778/3436905.3436907},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3436905.3436907},
        year = {2021}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 16 of 16 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1,122 Cardinality Estimation in DBMS: A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluation 2022 VLDB 0.0001209124
1,241 Balsa: Learning a Query Optimizer Without Expert Demonstrations 2022 SIGMOD 0.00011521639
2,355 QueryFormer: A Tree Transformer Model for Query Plan Representation 2022 VLDB 8.7022189e-05
2,543 Learned Cardinality Estimation: An In-depth Study 2022 SIGMOD 8.4445934e-05
3,338 Robust Query Driven Cardinality Estimation under Changing Workloads 2023 VLDB 7.5068221e-05
5,529 Debunking the Myth of Join Ordering: Toward Robust SQL Analytics 2025 SIGMOD 6.18591e-05
5,767 A Comparative Study and Component Analysis of Query Plan Representation Techniques in ML4DB Studies 2024 VLDB 6.0945741e-05
6,593 Simple Adaptive Query Processing vs. Learned Query Optimizers: Observations and Analysis 2023 VLDB 5.8297039e-05
6,760 LPLM: A Neural Language Model for Cardinality Estimation of LIKE-Queries 2024 SIGMOD 5.7826781e-05
7,268 Cardinality Estimation of Approximate Substring Queries using Deep Learning 2022 VLDB 5.6597123e-05
9,844 Cardinality Estimation of LIKE Predicate Queries using Deep Learning 2025 SIGMOD 5.2094602e-05
9,867 SPACE: Cardinality Estimation for Path Queries Using Cardinality-Aware Sequence-based Learning 2025 SIGMOD 5.2043672e-05
10,097 SSCard: Substring Cardinality Estimation using Suffix Tree-Guided Learned FM-Index 2026 SIGMOD 5.1502319e-05
10,108 An Elephant Under The Microscope: Analyzing The Interaction Of Optimizer Components In PostgreSQL 2025 SIGMOD 5.1347137e-05
10,505 The Case For Language Model Approximated LIKE Predicate 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,508 Practical Parameterized Query Optimization via Efficient Plan Reuse and List-wise Ranking 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 33 of 33 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
18 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00059284255
35 Improved Histograms for Selectivity Estimation of Range Predicates 1996 SIGMOD 0.00048481081
43 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00046060254
76 Practical Selectivity Estimation through Adaptive Sampling 1990 SIGMOD 0.00037054261
84 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00035838391
154 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.00028726181
168 Wavelet-Based Histograms for Selectivity Estimation 1998 SIGMOD 0.00027541029
195 Fast Exact Shortest-Path Distance Queries on Large Networks by Pruned Landmark Labeling 2013 SIGMOD 0.00025813775
257 The History of Histograms (abridged) 2003 VLDB 0.00023154793
267 Optimal Histograms with Quality Guarantees 1998 VLDB 0.00022798161
280 Selectivity Estimation using Probabilistic Models 2001 SIGMOD 0.00022454217
323 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00021264788
365 STHoles: A Multidimensional Workload-Aware Histogram 2001 SIGMOD 0.00020041735
401 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00019092557
465 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.0001803934
489 Distributed Representations of Tuples for Entity Resolution 2018 VLDB 0.0001761456
568 SageDB: A Learned Database System 2019 CIDR 0.0001641553
694 Cardinality Estimation Done Right: Index-Based Join Sampling 2017 CIDR 0.00014911698
697 Selectivity Estimation for Range Predicates using Lightweight Models 2019 VLDB 0.00014888851
723 Dynamic Multidimensional Histograms 2002 SIGMOD 0.00014620977
1,040 VGRAM: Improving Performance of Approximate Queries on String Collections Using Variable-Length Grams 2007 VLDB 0.00012466499
1,071 Lightweight Graphical Models for Selectivity Estimation Without Independence Assumptions 2011 VLDB 0.00012322342
1,140 Estimating Alphanumeric Selectivity in the Presence of Wildcards 1996 SIGMOD 0.0001200574
1,402 Creating Embeddings of Heterogeneous Relational Datasets for Data Integration Tasks 2020 SIGMOD 0.00010888094
1,427 Substring Selectivity Estimation 1999 PODS 0.00010812749
1,536 Improved Selectivity Estimation by Combining Knowledge from Sampling and Synopses 2018 VLDB 0.00010460864
1,573 Deep Learning Models for Selectivity Estimation of Multi-Attribute Queries 2020 SIGMOD 0.00010328171
2,061 Selectivity Estimation For Boolean Queries 2000 PODS 9.2445049e-05
2,103 Cost-Based Variable-Length-Gram Selection for String Collections to Support Approximate Queries Efficiently 2008 SIGMOD 9.1621686e-05
2,203 Estimating Join Selectivities using Bandwidth-Optimized Kernel Density Models 2017 VLDB 8.9610447e-05
2,281 Selectivity Estimation in Extensible Databases - A Neural Network Approach 1998 VLDB 8.8129279e-05
2,899 Extending Q-Grams to Estimate Selectivity of String Matching with Low Edit Distance 2007 VLDB 7.97814e-05
3,309 Conditional Selectivity for Statistics on Query Expressions 2004 SIGMOD 7.5368417e-05
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# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
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3 9,793 Selectivity Estimation for Queries Containing Predicates over Set-Valued Attributes 2023 SIGMOD
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5 9,844 Cardinality Estimation of LIKE Predicate Queries using Deep Learning 2025 SIGMOD
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