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k-Shape: Efficient and Accurate Clustering of Time Series

Summary: k-Shape introduces a scalable iterative refinement for time-series clustering using a normalized cross-correlation distance to emphasize shape. Robust centroid computation yields homogeneous, well-separated clusters, with experiments showing it outperforms scalable baselines and most non-scalable rivals in accuracy. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
5069
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2015
Pagerank
0.00010305183
Overall Rank
1,579 | 89.17%
DOI
10.1145/2723372.2723779

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{paparrizos_sigmod15,
        title = {{k-Shape: Efficient and Accurate Clustering of Time Series}},
        author = {Paparrizos, John and Gravano, Luis},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '15},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/2723372.2723779},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2723372.2723779},
        year = {2015}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 38 of 38 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1,805 SAND: Streaming Subsequence Anomaly Detection 2021 VLDB 9.7116108e-05
1,949 Diagnosing Root Causes of Intermittent Slow Queries in Cloud Databases 2020 VLDB 9.430385e-05
2,004 TSB-UAD: An End-to-End Benchmark Suite for Univariate Time-Series Anomaly Detection 2022 VLDB 9.3207067e-05
2,023 Decomposed Bounded Floats for Fast Compression and Queries 2021 VLDB 9.2950046e-05
3,447 Volume Under the Surface: A New Accuracy Evaluation Measure for Time-Series Anomaly Detection 2022 VLDB 7.4085215e-05
3,987 Choose Wisely: An Extensive Evaluation of Model Selection for Anomaly Detection in Time Series 2023 VLDB 6.9722766e-05
4,234 GRAIL: Efficient Time-Series Representation Learning 2019 VLDB 6.8171563e-05
4,604 Debunking Four Long-Standing Misconceptions of Time-Series Distance Measures 2020 SIGMOD 6.6104585e-05
5,038 Time2Feat: Learning Interpretable Representations for Multivariate Time Series Clustering 2023 VLDB 6.3911449e-05
6,061 VergeDB: A Database for IoT Analytics on Edge Devices 2021 CIDR 5.9910733e-05
6,141 An Experimental Evaluation of Anomaly Detection in Time Series 2024 VLDB 5.9628456e-05
6,391 Fast-Forwarding to Desired Visualizations with zenvisage 2017 CIDR 5.8893647e-05
8,060 A New Distributional Treatment for Time Series and An Anomaly Detection Investigation 2022 VLDB 5.4958827e-05
8,622 Accelerating Product Quantization Query Execution Runtime 2021 SIGMOD 5.3985954e-05
9,377 LeaFi: Data Series Indexes on Steroids with Learned Filters 2025 SIGMOD 5.2755515e-05
9,448 Theseus: Navigating the Labyrinth of Time-Series Anomaly Detection 2022 VLDB 5.2665425e-05
9,477 Odyssey: An Engine Enabling The Time-Series Clustering Journey 2023 VLDB 5.2634238e-05
9,479 dCAM: Dimension-wise Class Activation Map for Explaining Multivariate Data Series Classification 2022 SIGMOD 5.2634238e-05
9,482 ShapeSearch: Flexible Pattern-based Querying of Trend Line Visualizations 2018 VLDB 5.2634238e-05
9,733 SPARTAN: Data-Adaptive Symbolic Time-Series Approximation 2025 SIGMOD 5.227679e-05
10,256 HYDRA: A Multi-Level Hierarchy-Driven Approach for Robust Anomaly Detection in Time Series 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,271 MUFASA: Fast and Accurate Multivariate Time-Series Clustering 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,298 The Power of Anomaly Detection in Predictive Maintenance: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,607 CLaP - State Detection from Time Series 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,629 MS-Index: Fast Top-k Subsequence Search for Multivariate Time Series under Euclidean Distance 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,667 In-Database Time Series Clustering 2025 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,747 A Structured Study of Multivariate Time-Series Distance Measures 2025 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,796 Understanding the Black Box: A Deep Empirical Dive into Shapley Value Approximations for Tabular Data 2025 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,859 Time Series Motif Discovery: A Comprehensive Evaluation 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,961 BURST: Rendering Clustering Techniques Suitable for Evolving Streams 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,977 TSB-AutoAD: Towards Automated Solutions for Time-Series Anomaly Detection 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,980 Beyond Compression: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Lossless Floating-Point Compression 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,107 Representative Time Series Discovery for Data Exploration 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,300 Time-Series Anomaly Detection: Overview and New Trends 2024 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,420 F3 KM: Federated, Fair, and Fast k-means 2023 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
11,435 Accelerating Similarity Search for Elastic Measures: A Study and New Generalization of Lower Bounding Distances 2023 VLDB 5.093636e-05
13,342 SAIL: A Voyage to Symbolic Approximation Solutions for Time-Series Analysis 2025 VLDB -
13,463 SAND in Action: Subsequence Anomaly Detection for Streams 2021 VLDB -
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 12 of 12 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
41 Fast Subsequence Matching in Time-Series Databases 1994 SIGMOD 0.00046675394
190 Locally Adaptive Dimensionality Reduction for Indexing Large Time Series Databases 2001 SIGMOD 0.00026105472
221 Robust and Fast Similarity Search for Moving Object Trajectories 2005 SIGMOD 0.00024224879
303 On The Marriage of Lp-norms and Edit Distance 2004 VLDB 0.00021956234
610 Efficiently Supporting Ad Hoc Queries in Large Datasets of Time Sequences 1997 SIGMOD 0.00015783259
668 StatStream: Statistical Monitoring of Thousands of Data Streams in Real Time 2002 VLDB 0.00015166017
898 Querying and Mining of Time Series Data: Experimental Comparison of Representations and Distance Measures 2008 VLDB 0.00013339042
1,280 Indexing Spatio-Temporal Trajectories with Chebyshev Polynomials 2004 SIGMOD 0.00011354776
1,722 Indexable PLA for Efficient Similarity Search 2007 VLDB 9.9227051e-05
2,467 An Efficient and Accurate Method for Evaluating Time Series Similarity 2007 SIGMOD 8.5390765e-05
2,928 A Decade of Progress in Indexing and Mining Large Time Series Databases 2006 VLDB 7.9526656e-05
3,391 BRAID: Stream Mining through Group Lag Correlations 2005 SIGMOD 7.4518238e-05
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