LM-Tree: A Hybrid Learned Index for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces

Summary: Hybrid learned M-Tree for metric-space similarity search: each node adaptively chooses pivots and a lightweight model to boost pruning, avoiding the weak single-pivot vs costly multi-pivot tradeoff. Efficient maintenance supports updates via pivot/model re-optimization, splits, and merges with low overhead. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Apr 11 2026)

Paper ID: 7492
Venue: SIGMOD
Year: 2026
Pagerank: 4.1905499e-05
Overall Rank: 10,180 | 29.25%
DOI: 10.1145/3786665

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Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 17 of 17 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
91	M-tree: An Efficient Access Method for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces	1997	VLDB	0.00051785122
101	The Case for Learned Index Structures	2018	SIGMOD	0.00049778866
217	A Class of Data Structures for Associative Searching	1984	PODS	0.00033533621
574	Distance-Based Indexing For High-Dimensional Metric Spaces	1997	SIGMOD	0.0001987713
707	Near Neighbor Search in Large Metric Spaces	1995	VLDB	0.00017770532
819	ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index	2020	SIGMOD	0.00016237497
1,365	FITing-Tree: A Data-aware Index Structure	2019	SIGMOD	0.00012379754
1,464	Learning Multi-dimensional Indexes	2020	SIGMOD	0.0001184772
1,608	Qd-tree: Learning Data Layouts for Big Data Analytics	2020	SIGMOD	0.00011169837
1,887	Tsunami: A Learned Multi-dimensional Index for Correlated Data and Skewed Workloads	2021	VLDB	0.00010201938
2,108	LISA: A Learned Index Structure for Spatial Data	2020	SIGMOD	9.5283642e-05
2,676	Effectively Learning Spatial Indices	2020	VLDB	8.326321e-05
4,830	CARMI: A Cache-Aware Learned Index with a Cost-based Construction Algorithm	2022	VLDB	5.8884997e-05
5,086	Pivot-based Metric Indexing	2017	VLDB	5.7036022e-05
5,463	The RLR-Tree: A Reinforcement Learning Based R-Tree for Spatial Data	2023	SIGMOD	5.4920768e-05
8,636	WISK: A Workload-aware Learned Index for Spatial Keyword Queries	2023	SIGMOD	4.4758336e-05
9,605	Waffle: In-memory Grid Index for Moving Objects with Reinforcement Learning-based Configuration Tuning System	2022	VLDB	4.3136057e-05

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Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
7,790	Similarity Search on Bregman Divergence: Towards Non-Metric Indexing	2009	VLDB	4.6458343e-05
7,106	Efficient Similarity Join and Search on Multi-Attribute Data	2015	SIGMOD	4.8250163e-05
574	Distance-Based Indexing For High-Dimensional Metric Spaces	1997	SIGMOD	0.0001987713
5,624	A Scalable Index for Top-k Subtree Similarity Queries	2019	SIGMOD	5.4049016e-05
11,508	LES3: Learning-based Exact Set Similarity Search	2021	VLDB	4.1905499e-05
3,206	Similarity Evaluation on Tree-structured Data	2005	SIGMOD	7.3855924e-05
7,654	LiteHST: A Tree Embedding based Method for Similarity Search	2023	SIGMOD	4.6831082e-05
9,288	Adaptive Indexing in High-Dimensional Metric Spaces	2023	VLDB	4.3589837e-05
91	M-tree: An Efficient Access Method for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces	1997	VLDB	0.00051785122
5,086	Pivot-based Metric Indexing	2017	VLDB	5.7036022e-05