FPTree: A Hybrid SCM-DRAM Persistent and Concurrent B-Tree for Storage Class Memory

Summary: FPTree is a hybrid SCM-DRAM persistent B+-Tree with leaves in SCM and inner nodes in DRAM (rebuilt on recovery). It uses fingerprinting to cap in-leaf probes and a partial HTM-based concurrency scheme, delivering up to 8.2x speedups and 88-core scalability, with memcached/DB integration. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: 5279
Venue: SIGMOD
Year: 2016
Pagerank: 0.00017486591
Overall Rank: 500 | 96.53%
DOI: 10.1145/2882903.2915251

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 54 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
959	BzTree: A High-Performance Latch-free Range Index for Non-Volatile Memory	2018	VLDB	0.00013032106
1,243	Managing Non-Volatile Memory in Database Systems	2018	SIGMOD	0.00011579169
1,349	Dash: Scalable Hashing on Persistent Memory	2020	VLDB	0.00011171521
1,881	LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory	2020	VLDB	9.6458052e-05
2,321	DPTree: Differential Indexing for Persistent Memory	2020	VLDB	8.8333525e-05
2,430	Viper: An Efficient Hybrid PMem-DRAM Key-Value Store	2021	VLDB	8.6552887e-05
2,783	Evaluating Persistent Memory Range Indexes	2020	VLDB	8.1908904e-05
3,055	Query Fresh: Log Shipping on Steroids	2018	VLDB	7.8738166e-05
3,068	APEX: A High-Performance Learned Index on Persistent Memory	2022	VLDB	7.859091e-05
3,415	How to Build a Non-Volatile Memory Database Management System	2017	SIGMOD	7.5061187e-05
3,657	Maximizing Persistent Memory Bandwidth Utilization for OLAP Workloads	2021	SIGMOD	7.2857285e-05
4,071	SAP HANA Adoption of Non-Volatile Memory	2017	VLDB	6.9865855e-05
4,584	Memory Management Techniques for Large-Scale Persistent-Main-Memory Systems	2017	VLDB	6.6886123e-05
4,625	Persistent Memory Hash Indexes: An Experimental Evaluation	2021	VLDB	6.6624558e-05
4,688	Rethinking Logging, Checkpoints, and Recovery for High-Performance Storage Engines	2020	SIGMOD	6.6252658e-05
4,838	Enabling Low Tail Latency on Multicore Key-Value Stores	2020	VLDB	6.5513566e-05
4,852	PLIN: A Persistent Learned Index for Non-Volatile Memory with High Performance and Instant Recovery	2023	VLDB	6.5429252e-05
5,628	SSDs Striking Back: The Storage Jungle and Its Implications on Persistent Indexes	2022	CIDR	6.2075274e-05
5,857	HydraList: A Scalable In-Memory Index Using Asynchronous Updates and Partial Replication	2020	VLDB	6.1257153e-05
5,879	When Tree Meets Hash: Reducing Random Reads for Index Structures on Persistent Memories	2023	SIGMOD	6.1182475e-05
5,906	NBTree: a Lock-free PM-friendly Persistent B+-Tree for eADR-enabled PM Systems	2022	VLDB	6.1088407e-05
6,013	Plush: A Write-Optimized Persistent Log-Structured Hash-Table	2022	VLDB	6.0700755e-05
6,029	Optimizing In-memory Database Engine for AI-powered On-line Decision Augmentation Using Persistent Memory	2021	VLDB	6.061589e-05
6,188	Robust Performance of Main Memory Data Structures by Configuration	2020	SIGMOD	6.0203616e-05
6,309	Halo: A Hybrid PMem-DRAM Persistent Hash Index with Fast Recovery	2022	SIGMOD	5.9778632e-05
6,574	Revisiting the Design of LSM-tree Based OLTP Storage Engine with Persistent Memory	2021	VLDB	5.8920394e-05
6,700	X-SSD: A Storage System with Native Support for Database Logging and Replication	2022	SIGMOD	5.8567319e-05
6,766	Zen: a High-Throughput Log-Free OLTP Engine for Non-Volatile Main Memory	2021	VLDB	5.8364191e-05
7,069	PetPS: Supporting Huge Embedding Models with Persistent Memory	2023	VLDB	5.7652098e-05
7,255	Evaluating Persistent Memory Range Indexes: Part Two	2022	VLDB	5.71603e-05
7,413	AHEAD: Adaptable Data Hardening for On-the-Fly Hardware Error Detection during Database Query Processing	2018	SIGMOD	5.6894193e-05
7,760	PiBench Online: Interactive Benchmarking of Persistent Memory Indexes	2020	VLDB	5.6087215e-05
7,966	Pea Hash: A Performant Extendible Adaptive Hashing Index	2023	SIGMOD	5.572222e-05
8,039	DecLog: Decentralized Logging in Non-Volatile Memory for Time Series Database Systems	2024	VLDB	5.5593588e-05
8,357	OptiQL: Robust Optimistic Locking for Memory-Optimized Indexes	2023	SIGMOD	5.5011956e-05
8,450	Cost Modelling for Optimal Data Placement in Heterogeneous Main Memory	2022	VLDB	5.4925012e-05
8,711	Hamming Tree: The Case for Energy-Aware Indexing for NVMs	2023	SIGMOD	5.4429089e-05
8,833	The Past, Present and Future of Indexing on Persistent Memory	2022	VLDB	5.4263501e-05
9,017	PerMA-Bench: Benchmarking Persistent Memory Access	2022	VLDB	5.3956503e-05
9,018	Tair-PMem: A Fully Durable Non-Volatile Memory Database	2022	VLDB	5.3956503e-05
9,242	H-Rocks: CPU-GPU accelerated Heterogeneous RocksDB on Persistent Memory	2025	SIGMOD	5.3572577e-05
9,287	Extending the Lifetime of NVM: Challenges and Opportunities	2021	VLDB	5.353403e-05
9,367	FluidKV: Seamlessly Bridging the Gap between Indexing Performance and Memory-Footprint on Ultra-Fast Storage	2024	VLDB	5.339939e-05
9,368	BonsaiKV: Towards Fast, Scalable, and Persistent Key-Value Stores with Tiered, Heterogeneous Memory System	2024	VLDB	5.339939e-05
9,419	Data Structure Engineering For Byte-Addressable Non-Volatile Memory	2017	SIGMOD	5.3341661e-05
10,048	Analysis and Evaluation of Using Microsecond-Latency Memory for In-Memory Indices and Caches in SSD-Based Key-Value Stores	2026	SIGMOD	5.1725247e-05
10,151	DART: A Lock-free Two-layer Hashed ART Index for Disaggregated Memory	2026	SIGMOD	5.1725247e-05
10,257	SIDLE: Tree-structure Aware Indexes for CXL-based Heterogeneous Memory	2026	VLDB	5.1725247e-05
10,281	Operation-Aware Hybrid Locking for Modern In-Memory Indexes	2026	VLDB	5.1725247e-05
10,380	B-Trees Are Back: Engineering Fast and Pageable Node Layouts	2025	SIGMOD	5.1725247e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 10 of 10 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
67	Making B+-Trees Cache Conscious in Main Memory	2000	SIGMOD	0.00038604158
532	FOEDUS: OLTP Engine for a Thousand Cores and NVRAM	2015	SIGMOD	0.0001706426
590	Scalable Logging through Emerging Non-Volatile Memory	2014	VLDB	0.00016070872
628	Persistent B+-Trees in Non-Volatile Main Memory	2015	VLDB	0.00015706383
652	Rethinking Database Algorithms for Phase Change Memory	2011	CIDR	0.00015404685
820	Let’s Talk About Storage & Recovery Methods for Non-Volatile Memory Database Systems	2015	SIGMOD	0.00013864236
823	Storage Management in the NVRAM Era	2014	VLDB	0.00013856303
1,986	Write-limited sorts and joins for persistent memory	2014	VLDB	9.4481083e-05
2,345	REWIND: Recovery Write-Ahead System for In-Memory Non-Volatile Data-Structures	2015	VLDB	8.7954047e-05
2,927	Instant Recovery for Main-Memory Databases	2015	CIDR	8.0241296e-05

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4,584	Memory Management Techniques for Large-Scale Persistent-Main-Memory Systems	2017	VLDB	6.6886123e-05
5,906	NBTree: a Lock-free PM-friendly Persistent B+-Tree for eADR-enabled PM Systems	2022	VLDB	6.1088407e-05
2,321	DPTree: Differential Indexing for Persistent Memory	2020	VLDB	8.8333525e-05
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