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ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index

Summary: Presents ALEX, an updatable adaptive learned index for mixed read/write workloads. Blends learned indexing with conventional storage to support updates; delivers up to 4.1x read speed and dramatically smaller index footprints vs B+Trees. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h28097aec68a3698c
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2020
Pagerank
0.00018488849
Overall Rank
422 | 97.17%
DOI
10.1145/3318464.3389711

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{ding_sigmod20,
        title = {{ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index}},
        author = {Ding, Jialin and Minhas, Umar Farooq and Yu, Jia and Wang, Chi and Do, Jaeyoung and Li, Yinan and Zhang, Hantian and Chandramouli, Badrish and Gehrke, Johannes and Kossmann, Donald and Lomet, David and Kraska, Tim},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '20},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3318464.3389711},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3318464.3389711},
        year = {2020}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 105 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
835 Benchmarking Learned Indexes 2021 VLDB 0.00013575971
869 Learning Multi-dimensional Indexes 2020 SIGMOD 0.00013363241
1,128 Qd-tree: Learning Data Layouts for Big Data Analytics 2020 SIGMOD 0.00011901941
1,188 Tsunami: A Learned Multi-dimensional Index for Correlated Data and Skewed Workloads 2021 VLDB 0.00011598149
1,525 Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions 2021 VLDB 0.00010355133
1,877 Effectively Learning Spatial Indices 2020 VLDB 9.4498401e-05
2,270 FINEdex: A Fine-grained Learned Index Scheme for Scalable and Concurrent Memory Systems 2022 VLDB 8.7166469e-05
2,582 Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready? 2022 VLDB 8.2641447e-05
2,765 Instance-Optimized Data Layouts for Cloud Analytics Workloads 2021 SIGMOD 8.0401855e-05
2,839 SNARF: A Learning-Enhanced Range Filter 2022 VLDB 7.9490277e-05
2,861 APEX: A High-Performance Learned Index on Persistent Memory 2022 VLDB 7.9295281e-05
2,908 AI Meets Database: AI4DB and DB4AI 2021 SIGMOD 7.8716173e-05
3,198 CDFShop: Exploring and Optimizing Learned Index Structures 2020 SIGMOD 7.5422544e-05
3,233 TreeLine: An Update-In-Place Key-Value Store for Modern Storage 2023 VLDB 7.5008192e-05
3,487 HUNTER: An Online Cloud Database Hybrid Tuning System for Personalized Requirements 2022 SIGMOD 7.2603973e-05
3,621 Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation 2023 VLDB 7.1510804e-05
3,701 Stable Learned Bloom Filters for Data Streams 2020 VLDB 7.0820503e-05
3,708 The Case for a Learned Sorting Algorithm 2020 SIGMOD 7.0781032e-05
3,710 CARMI: A Cache-Aware Learned Index with a Cost-based Construction Algorithm 2022 VLDB 7.0775695e-05
4,155 LeCo: Lightweight Compression via Learning Serial Correlations 2024 SIGMOD 6.7730383e-05
4,362 NFL: Robust Learned Index via Distribution Transformation 2022 VLDB 6.6357559e-05
4,366 DILI: A Distribution-Driven Learned Index 2023 VLDB 6.6330579e-05
4,459 Lightweight and Accurate Cardinality Estimation by Neural Network Gaussian Process 2022 SIGMOD 6.5883555e-05
4,485 LearnedSQLGen: Constraint-aware SQL Generation using Reinforcement Learning 2022 SIGMOD 6.5771335e-05
4,536 One Model to Rule them All: Towards Zero-Shot Learning for Databases 2022 CIDR 6.552998e-05
4,618 The Price of Tailoring the Index to Your Data: Poisoning Attacks on Learned Index Structures 2022 SIGMOD 6.4981355e-05
4,635 PLIN: A Persistent Learned Index for Non-Volatile Memory with High Performance and Instant Recovery 2023 VLDB 6.4904555e-05
4,715 Hist-Tree: Those Who Ignore It Are Doomed to Learn 2021 CIDR 6.4537149e-05
4,743 Machine Learning for Databases 2021 VLDB 6.4379536e-05
4,753 GRF: A Global Range Filter for LSM-Trees with Shape Encoding 2024 SIGMOD 6.4334982e-05
4,851 The RLR-Tree: A Reinforcement Learning Based R-Tree for Spatial Data 2023 SIGMOD 6.377837e-05
4,878 Oasis: An Optimal Disjoint Segmented Learned Range Filter 2024 VLDB 6.369385e-05
4,890 Can Learned Models Replace Hash Functions? 2023 VLDB 6.3663299e-05
5,043 LSched: A Workload-Aware Learned Query Scheduler for Analytical Database Systems 2022 SIGMOD 6.2979214e-05
5,378 Updatable Learned Indexes Meet Disk-Resident DBMS - From Evaluations to Design Choices 2023 SIGMOD 6.1551053e-05
5,405 FILM: a Fully Learned Index for Larger-than-Memory Databases 2023 VLDB 6.1435108e-05
5,700 PilotScope: Steering Databases with Machine Learning Drivers 2024 VLDB 6.028998e-05
5,715 Detect, Distill and Update: Learned DB Systems Facing Out of Distribution Data 2023 SIGMOD 6.0178585e-05
5,973 Towards instance-optimized data systems 2021 VLDB 5.9281867e-05
6,267 A Critical Analysis of Recursive Model Indexes 2022 VLDB 5.8283218e-05
6,408 A Unified Transferable Model for ML-Enhanced DBMS 2022 CIDR 5.7921918e-05
6,597 LMSFC: A Novel Multidimensional Index based on Learned Monotonic Space Filling Curves 2023 VLDB 5.7386302e-05
6,613 Making In-Memory Learned Indexes Efficient on Disk 2024 SIGMOD 5.7326443e-05
6,698 MOST: Model-Based Compression with Outlier Storage for Time Series Data 2023 SIGMOD 5.7040999e-05
6,787 SALI: A Scalable Adaptive Learned Index Framework based on Probability Models 2023 SIGMOD 5.6810904e-05
6,867 Accelerating String-key Learned Index Structures via Memoization-based Incremental Training 2024 VLDB 5.6581046e-05
6,882 Evaluating Persistent Memory Range Indexes: Part Two 2022 VLDB 5.6554818e-05
6,942 The Past, Present and Future of Indexing on Persistent Memory 2022 VLDB 5.6367484e-05
7,082 LITS: An Optimized Learned Index for Strings 2024 VLDB 5.6010119e-05
7,157 Adaptive Hybrid Indexes 2022 SIGMOD 5.595284e-05
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