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Making B+-Trees Cache Conscious in Main Memory

Summary: Introduces a cache-conscious B+-Tree for in-memory workloads, addressing poor cache-line utilization of traditional B+-Trees. Retains incremental update efficiency while delivering cache-friendly lookups, positioning B+-Trees as a dynamic alternative to CSS-Trees for main memory indexing. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h5ffe6002427668c5
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2000
Pagerank
0.00037957995
Overall Rank
68 | 99.55%
DOI
10.1145/342009.335449

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{rao_sigmod00,
        title = {{Making B+-Trees Cache Conscious in Main Memory}},
        author = {Rao, Jun and Ross, Kenneth A.},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '00},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/342009.335449},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/342009.335449},
        year = {2000}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 76 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
14 MonetDB/X100: Hyper-Pipelining Query Execution 2005 CIDR 0.00064013679
40 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00046363107
70 The End of an Architectural Era (It’s Time for a Complete Rewrite) 2007 VLDB 0.00037851432
157 OLTP Through the Looking Glass, and What We Found There 2008 SIGMOD 0.00028316479
166 On Supporting Containment Queries in Relational Database Management Systems 2001 SIGMOD 0.00027241844
277 FAST: Fast Architecture Sensitive Tree Search on Modern CPUs and GPUs 2010 SIGMOD 0.00022320139
287 Implementing Database Operations Using SIMD Instructions 2002 SIGMOD 0.00022001327
422 ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index 2020 SIGMOD 0.00018488849
502 FPTree: A Hybrid SCM-DRAM Persistent and Concurrent B-Tree for Storage Class Memory 2016 SIGMOD 0.00017250394
547 Improving Index Performance through Prefetching 2001 SIGMOD 0.00016575635
630 Persistent B+-Trees in Non-Volatile Main Memory 2015 VLDB 0.00015412011
670 Rethinking Database Algorithms for Phase Change Memory 2011 CIDR 0.00014959574
702 Database Architecture Evolution: Mammals Flourished long before Dinosaurs became Extinct 2009 VLDB 0.00014668058
761 Conjunctive Selection Conditions in Main Memory 2002 PODS 0.00014138079
904 HOT: A Height Optimized Trie Index for Main-Memory Database Systems 2018 SIGMOD 0.00013170142
910 Dictionary-based Order-preserving String Compression for Main Memory Column Stores 2009 SIGMOD 0.00013122392
939 Buffering Database Operations for Enhanced Instruction Cache Performance 2004 SIGMOD 0.00012964695
1,041 Generic Database Cost Models for Hierarchical Memory Systems 2002 VLDB 0.00012354465
1,105 Buffering Accesses to Memory-Resident Index Structures 2003 VLDB 0.00011991167
1,332 Fast Updates on Read-Optimized Databases Using Multi-Core CPUs 2012 VLDB 0.00010993664
1,438 Speedup Graph Processing by Graph Ordering 2016 SIGMOD 0.00010647473
1,586 Fractal Prefetching B+-Trees: Optimizing Both Cache and Disk Performance 2002 SIGMOD 0.00010143882
1,606 The Data Calculator*: Data Structure Design and Cost Synthesis from First Principles and Learned Cost Models 2018 SIGMOD 0.00010091937
1,716 Cache-Conscious Concurrency Control of Main-Memory Indexes on Shared-Memory Multiprocessor Systems 2001 VLDB 9.8041694e-05
1,839 Main-Memory Index Structures with Fixed-Size Partial Keys 2001 SIGMOD 9.5284548e-05
1,856 LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory 2020 VLDB 9.4960518e-05
1,857 PALM: Parallel Architecture-Friendly Latch-Free Modifications to B+ Trees on Many-Core Processors 2011 VLDB 9.4935317e-05
2,019 Optimizing Multidimensional Index Trees for Main Memory Access 2001 SIGMOD 9.1749414e-05
2,237 Designing Succinct Secondary Indexing Mechanism by Exploiting Column Correlations 2019 SIGMOD 8.7738349e-05
2,270 FINEdex: A Fine-grained Learned Index Scheme for Scalable and Concurrent Memory Systems 2022 VLDB 8.7166469e-05
2,384 The Uncracked Pieces in Database Cracking 2014 VLDB 8.5401256e-05
2,674 Asynchronous Memory Access Chaining 2016 VLDB 8.1445101e-05
2,699 Database Servers on Chip Multiprocessors: Limitations and Opportunities 2007 CIDR 8.1161623e-05
2,809 Exploiting Coroutines to Attack the "Killer Nanoseconds" 2018 VLDB 7.9788276e-05
2,861 APEX: A High-Performance Learned Index on Persistent Memory 2022 VLDB 7.9295281e-05
2,926 Interleaving with Coroutines: A Practical Approach for Robust Index Joins 2018 VLDB 7.8446029e-05
3,374 A Hybrid B+-tree as Solution for In-Memory Indexing on CPU-GPU Heterogeneous Computing Platforms 2016 SIGMOD 7.3606793e-05
3,597 Access Path Selection in Main-Memory Optimized Data Systems: Should I Scan or Should I Probe? 2017 SIGMOD 7.1759026e-05
3,676 P*TIME: Highly Scalable OLTP DBMS for Managing Update-Intensive Stream Workload 2004 VLDB 7.104784e-05
3,710 CARMI: A Cache-Aware Learned Index with a Cost-based Construction Algorithm 2022 VLDB 7.0775695e-05
3,711 CoroBase: Coroutine-Oriented Main-Memory Database Engine 2021 VLDB 7.0757906e-05
4,026 Cache-conscious Frequent Pattern Mining on a Modern Processor 2005 VLDB 6.8430008e-05
4,072 SharkDB: An In-Memory Storage System for Massive Trajectory Data 2015 SIGMOD 6.8181285e-05
4,685 Coconut: A Scalable Bottom-Up Approach for Building Data Series Indexes 2018 VLDB 6.4692031e-05
4,715 Hist-Tree: Those Who Ignore It Are Doomed to Learn 2021 CIDR 6.4537149e-05
4,873 Improving Database Performance on Simultaneous Multithreading Processors 2005 VLDB 6.370725e-05
4,875 Design Tradeoffs of Data Access Methods 2016 SIGMOD 6.3699172e-05
5,034 Put an Elephant into a Fridge: Optimizing Cache Efficiency for In-memory Key-value Stores 2020 VLDB 6.3024123e-05
5,278 Only Aggressive Elephants are Fast Elephants 2012 VLDB 6.1976381e-05
5,388 Order-Preserving Key Compression for In-Memory Search Trees 2020 SIGMOD 6.1520776e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 5 of 5 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
27 Database Architecture Optimized for the New Bottleneck: Memory Access 1999 VLDB 0.00051576613
76 Cache Conscious Algorithms for Relational Query Processing 1994 VLDB 0.00036891569
110 DBMSs On A Modern Processor: Where Does Time Go? 1999 VLDB 0.00032696785
206 Cache Conscious Indexing for Decision-Support in Main Memory 1999 VLDB 0.00024981343
229 A Study of Index Structures for Main Memory Database Management Systems 1986 VLDB 0.00023915204
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Semantically Similar Papers

# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
1 14,808 Towards an Optimal Data-Structure: CB-trees 1984 VLDB
2 11,245 FB+-tree: A Memory-Optimized B+-tree with Latch-Free Update 2025 VLDB
3 1,586 Fractal Prefetching B+-Trees: Optimizing Both Cache and Disk Performance 2002 SIGMOD
4 547 Improving Index Performance through Prefetching 2001 SIGMOD
5 1,716 Cache-Conscious Concurrency Control of Main-Memory Indexes on Shared-Memory Multiprocessor Systems 2001 VLDB
6 1,839 Main-Memory Index Structures with Fixed-Size Partial Keys 2001 SIGMOD
7 2,019 Optimizing Multidimensional Index Trees for Main Memory Access 2001 SIGMOD
8 1,075 Cache-Oblivious String B-trees 2006 PODS
9 1,105 Buffering Accesses to Memory-Resident Index Structures 2003 VLDB
10 206 Cache Conscious Indexing for Decision-Support in Main Memory 1999 VLDB