LeanStore: A High-Performance Storage Engine for NVMe SSDs

Summary: LeanStore: an OLTP storage engine that fully exploits multi‑NVMe SSDs and multi‑core CPUs, bridging disk- and memory‑centric DBMS designs. Paper details end‑to‑end architecture (caching, page replacement, I/O, indexing, sync, MVCC, logging, checkpoints, recovery) and low‑level NVMe implementation techniques for high performance. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: h73806395369016e5
Venue: VLDB
Year: 2024
Pagerank: 6.1614422e-05
Overall Rank: 5,360 | 63.97%
DOI: 10.14778/3685800.3685915

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

1. Viktor Leis (Technical University of Munich)

BibTeX Citation

@article{leis_vldb24,
        title = {{LeanStore: A High-Performance Storage Engine for NVMe SSDs}},
        author = {Leis, Viktor},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '24},
        volume = {17},
        number = {12},
        pages = {4536--4545},
        doi = {10.14778/3685800.3685915},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3685800.3685915},
        year = {2024}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 11 of 11 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
6,560	RetroInfer: A Vector Storage Engine for Scalable Long-Context LLM Inference	2026	VLDB	5.7482184e-05
8,983	Resource-Adaptive Query Execution with Paged Memory Management	2025	CIDR	5.2433703e-05
9,946	OLTP Through the Looking Glass 16 Years Later: Communication is the New Bottleneck	2025	CIDR	5.1038322e-05
10,360	Flexible I/O for Database Management Systems with xNVMe	2026	CIDR	4.9793485e-05
10,669	Predictive Translation: High-Performance Buffer Management Without the Trade-Offs	2026	SIGMOD	4.9793485e-05
10,725	How to Write to SSDs	2026	VLDB	4.9793485e-05
10,727	SIDLE: Tree-structure Aware Indexes for CXL-based Heterogeneous Memory	2026	VLDB	4.9793485e-05
10,763	Swan: Hybrid MVCC Management for Efficient Transaction Processing in LSM-Tree-Based Key-Value Stores	2026	VLDB	4.9793485e-05
10,866	Tux: Efficient Drop-in Networking for Database Systems	2026	VLDB	4.9793485e-05
11,035	HW-SW Co-Design for Databases in the Age of AI-for-Systems	2026	VLDB	4.9793485e-05
11,429	Sampling-based Predictive Database Buffer Management	2025	VLDB	4.9793485e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 44 of 44 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
35	Hekaton: SQL Server’s Memory-Optimized OLTP Engine	2013	SIGMOD	0.00048001919
70	The End of an Architectural Era (It’s Time for a Complete Rewrite)	2007	VLDB	0.00037859131
157	OLTP Through the Looking Glass, and What We Found There	2008	SIGMOD	0.00028317906
170	High-Performance Concurrency Control Mechanisms for Main-Memory Databases	2012	VLDB	0.0002705961
212	The LRU-K Page Replacement Algorithm For Database Disk Buffering	1993	SIGMOD	0.00024767296
228	Fast Serializable Multi-Version Concurrency Control for Main-Memory Database Systems	2015	SIGMOD	0.00023920439
373	Umbra: A Disk-Based System with In-Memory Performance	2020	CIDR	0.00019711632
542	FOEDUS: OLTP Engine for a Thousand Cores and NVRAM	2015	SIGMOD	0.0001665543
614	Scalable Logging through Emerging Non-Volatile Memory	2014	VLDB	0.0001556755
728	Anti-Caching: A New Approach to Database Management System Architecture	2013	VLDB	0.00014414001
872	An Empirical Evaluation of In-Memory Multi-Version Concurrency Control	2017	VLDB	0.00013342029
971	Reducing the Storage Overhead of Main-Memory OLTP Databases with Hybrid Indexes	2016	SIGMOD	0.00012766019
1,026	Aether: A Scalable Approach to Logging	2010	VLDB	0.00012423267
1,320	Building a Bw-Tree Takes More Than Just Buzz Words	2018	SIGMOD	0.00011045319
1,524	Trekking Through Siberia: Managing Cold Data in a Memory-Optimized Database	2014	VLDB	0.00010356318
1,717	Cache-Conscious Concurrency Control of Main-Memory Indexes on Shared-Memory Multiprocessor Systems	2001	VLDB	9.8016891e-05
2,295	In-Memory Performance for Big Data	2015	VLDB	8.6819789e-05
2,632	Hybrid Garbage Collection for Multi-Version Concurrency Control in SAP HANA	2016	SIGMOD	8.1995358e-05
2,877	Exploiting Directly-Attached NVMe Arrays in DBMS	2020	CIDR	7.9181223e-05
2,920	What Modern NVMe Storage Can Do, And How To Exploit It: High-Performance I/O for High-Performance Storage Engines	2023	VLDB	7.8540089e-05
3,232	TreeLine: An Update-In-Place Key-Value Store for Modern Storage	2023	VLDB	7.50343e-05
4,094	Virtual-Memory Assisted Buffer Management	2023	SIGMOD	6.8103269e-05
4,167	Spitfire: A Three-Tier Buffer Manager for Volatile and Non-Volatile Memory	2021	SIGMOD	6.7656035e-05
4,243	The Art of Latency Hiding in Modern Database Engines	2024	VLDB	6.7069789e-05
4,848	Rethinking Logging, Checkpoints, and Recovery for High-Performance Storage Engines	2020	SIGMOD	6.3818116e-05
5,160	Are You Sure You Want to Use MMAP in Your Database Management System?	2022	CIDR	6.2482143e-05
5,472	Rethink the Scan in MVCC Databases	2021	SIGMOD	6.1179132e-05
5,704	Long-lived Transactions Made Less Harmful	2020	SIGMOD	6.030002e-05
5,758	SSDs Striking Back: The Storage Jungle and Its Implications on Persistent Indexes	2022	CIDR	6.0050738e-05
6,329	Scalable Database Logging for Multicores	2018	VLDB	5.8129197e-05
6,494	FineLine: Log-structured Transactional Storage and Recovery	2018	VLDB	5.7659228e-05
6,530	Contention and Space Management in B-Trees	2021	CIDR	5.7549598e-05
6,622	Everything is a Transaction: Unifying Logical Concurrency Control and Physical Data Structure Maintenance in Database Management Systems	2021	CIDR	5.7307819e-05
6,885	Border-Collie: A Wait-free, Read-optimal Algorithm for Database Logging on Multicore Hardware	2019	SIGMOD	5.6560837e-05
6,959	Memory-Optimized Multi-Version Concurrency Control for Disk-Based Database Systems	2022	VLDB	5.633832e-05
6,989	FASTER: An Embedded Concurrent Key-Value Store for State Management	2018	VLDB	5.6274028e-05
7,373	LRU-C: Parallelizing Database I/Os for Flash SSDs	2023	VLDB	5.5402255e-05
7,735	Scalable and Robust Snapshot Isolation for High-Performance Storage Engines	2023	VLDB	5.4631389e-05
7,901	Write-Aware Timestamp Tracking: Effective and Efficient Page Replacement for Modern Hardware	2023	VLDB	5.4302737e-05
7,959	Cloud-Native Database Systems and Unikernels: Reimagining OS Abstractions for Modern Hardware	2024	VLDB	5.4175386e-05
8,129	Two is Better Than One: The Case for 2-Tree for Skewed Data Sets	2023	CIDR	5.3938156e-05
8,473	Towards Buffer Management with Tiered Main Memory	2024	SIGMOD	5.3345353e-05
8,854	Avoiding Read Stalls on Flash Storage	2022	SIGMOD	5.264098e-05
9,185	One-shot Garbage Collection for In-memory OLTP through Temporality-aware Version Storage	2023	SIGMOD	5.2115023e-05

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