LeanStore: A High-Performance Storage Engine for NVMe SSDs

Summary: LeanStore: an OLTP storage engine that fully exploits multi‑NVMe SSDs and multi‑core CPUs, bridging disk- and memory‑centric DBMS designs. Paper details end‑to‑end architecture (caching, page replacement, I/O, indexing, sync, MVCC, logging, checkpoints, recovery) and low‑level NVMe implementation techniques for high performance. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: h73806395369016e5
Venue: VLDB
Year: 2024
Pagerank: 6.2100105e-05
Overall Rank: 5,225 | 64.98%
DOI: 10.14778/3685800.3685915
PDF: Download (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

1. Viktor Leis (Technical University of Munich)

BibTeX Citation

@article{leis_vldb24,
        title = {{LeanStore: A High-Performance Storage Engine for NVMe SSDs}},
        author = {Leis, Viktor},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '24},
        volume = {17},
        number = {12},
        pages = {4536--4545},
        doi = {10.14778/3685800.3685915},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3685800.3685915},
        year = {2024}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 12 of 12 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
5,376	RetroInfer: A Vector Storage Engine for Scalable Long-Context LLM Inference	2026	VLDB	6.139877e-05
9,014	Resource-Adaptive Query Execution with Paged Memory Management	2025	CIDR	5.2235585e-05
9,987	OLTP Through the Looking Glass 16 Years Later: Communication is the New Bottleneck	2025	CIDR	5.0845476e-05
10,417	Replace or Augment: Rethinking the Role of Learned Indexes in Relational Databases	2027	VLDB	4.9605343e-05
10,438	Flexible I/O for Database Management Systems with xNVMe	2026	CIDR	4.9605343e-05
10,741	Predictive Translation: High-Performance Buffer Management Without the Trade-Offs	2026	SIGMOD	4.9605343e-05
10,796	How to Write to SSDs	2026	VLDB	4.9605343e-05
10,798	SIDLE: Tree-structure Aware Indexes for CXL-based Heterogeneous Memory	2026	VLDB	4.9605343e-05
10,834	Swan: Hybrid MVCC Management for Efficient Transaction Processing in LSM-Tree-Based Key-Value Stores	2026	VLDB	4.9605343e-05
10,936	Tux: Efficient Drop-in Networking for Database Systems	2026	VLDB	4.9605343e-05
11,105	HW-SW Co-Design for Databases in the Age of AI-for-Systems	2026	VLDB	4.9605343e-05
11,488	Sampling-based Predictive Database Buffer Management	2025	VLDB	4.9605343e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 44 of 44 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
35	Hekaton: SQL Server’s Memory-Optimized OLTP Engine	2013	SIGMOD	0.00047937476
70	The End of an Architectural Era (It’s Time for a Complete Rewrite)	2007	VLDB	0.00037761637
157	OLTP Through the Looking Glass, and What We Found There	2008	SIGMOD	0.00028244257
172	High-Performance Concurrency Control Mechanisms for Main-Memory Databases	2012	VLDB	0.00027021768
207	The LRU-K Page Replacement Algorithm For Database Disk Buffering	1993	SIGMOD	0.00024963419
228	Fast Serializable Multi-Version Concurrency Control for Main-Memory Database Systems	2015	SIGMOD	0.00023872855
375	Umbra: A Disk-Based System with In-Memory Performance	2020	CIDR	0.00019660459
542	FOEDUS: OLTP Engine for a Thousand Cores and NVRAM	2015	SIGMOD	0.00016620527
613	Scalable Logging through Emerging Non-Volatile Memory	2014	VLDB	0.00015527424
729	Anti-Caching: A New Approach to Database Management System Architecture	2013	VLDB	0.00014393711
863	An Empirical Evaluation of In-Memory Multi-Version Concurrency Control	2017	VLDB	0.00013368866
964	Reducing the Storage Overhead of Main-Memory OLTP Databases with Hybrid Indexes	2016	SIGMOD	0.00012798312
1,028	Aether: A Scalable Approach to Logging	2010	VLDB	0.00012390677
1,328	Building a Bw-Tree Takes More Than Just Buzz Words	2018	SIGMOD	0.00011013165
1,523	Trekking Through Siberia: Managing Cold Data in a Memory-Optimized Database	2014	VLDB	0.00010338554
1,724	Cache-Conscious Concurrency Control of Main-Memory Indexes on Shared-Memory Multiprocessor Systems	2001	VLDB	9.7779713e-05
2,303	In-Memory Performance for Big Data	2015	VLDB	8.6602545e-05
2,636	Hybrid Garbage Collection for Multi-Version Concurrency Control in SAP HANA	2016	SIGMOD	8.176465e-05
2,881	Exploiting Directly-Attached NVMe Arrays in DBMS	2020	CIDR	7.8945474e-05
2,934	What Modern NVMe Storage Can Do, And How To Exploit It: High-Performance I/O for High-Performance Storage Engines	2023	VLDB	7.8265774e-05
3,249	TreeLine: An Update-In-Place Key-Value Store for Modern Storage	2023	VLDB	7.4761584e-05
4,071	The Art of Latency Hiding in Modern Database Engines	2024	VLDB	6.8073218e-05
4,089	Virtual-Memory Assisted Buffer Management	2023	SIGMOD	6.7968217e-05
4,182	Spitfire: A Three-Tier Buffer Manager for Volatile and Non-Volatile Memory	2021	SIGMOD	6.7432523e-05
4,759	Rethinking Logging, Checkpoints, and Recovery for High-Performance Storage Engines	2020	SIGMOD	6.420498e-05
5,180	Are You Sure You Want to Use MMAP in Your Database Management System?	2022	CIDR	6.2257186e-05
5,491	Rethink the Scan in MVCC Databases	2021	SIGMOD	6.0968504e-05
5,709	Long-lived Transactions Made Less Harmful	2020	SIGMOD	6.010393e-05
5,767	SSDs Striking Back: The Storage Jungle and Its Implications on Persistent Indexes	2022	CIDR	5.9834681e-05
6,331	Scalable Database Logging for Multicores	2018	VLDB	5.7939818e-05
6,507	FineLine: Log-structured Transactional Storage and Recovery	2018	VLDB	5.7453056e-05
6,543	Contention and Space Management in B-Trees	2021	CIDR	5.733215e-05
6,626	Everything is a Transaction: Unifying Logical Concurrency Control and Physical Data Structure Maintenance in Database Management Systems	2021	CIDR	5.7130318e-05
6,740	Memory-Optimized Multi-Version Concurrency Control for Disk-Based Database Systems	2022	VLDB	5.6774409e-05
6,898	Border-Collie: A Wait-free, Read-optimal Algorithm for Database Logging on Multicore Hardware	2019	SIGMOD	5.6377384e-05
7,007	FASTER: An Embedded Concurrent Key-Value Store for State Management	2018	VLDB	5.6071869e-05
7,273	Scalable and Robust Snapshot Isolation for High-Performance Storage Engines	2023	VLDB	5.5522008e-05
7,393	LRU-C: Parallelizing Database I/Os for Flash SSDs	2023	VLDB	5.5202899e-05
7,913	Write-Aware Timestamp Tracking: Effective and Efficient Page Replacement for Modern Hardware	2023	VLDB	5.4120001e-05
7,980	Cloud-Native Database Systems and Unikernels: Reimagining OS Abstractions for Modern Hardware	2024	VLDB	5.3971087e-05
8,091	Two is Better Than One: The Case for 2-Tree for Skewed Data Sets	2023	CIDR	5.3744333e-05
8,437	Towards Buffer Management with Tiered Main Memory	2024	SIGMOD	5.315377e-05
8,876	Avoiding Read Stalls on Flash Storage	2022	SIGMOD	5.2452058e-05
9,212	One-shot Garbage Collection for In-memory OLTP through Temporality-aware Version Storage	2023	SIGMOD	5.1928088e-05

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