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Replace or Augment: Rethinking the Role of Learned Indexes in Relational Databases

Summary: MirrorBtr reframes learned indexes as lightweight B-Tree augmentations, accelerating traversals without replacing or restructuring the index. Integrated into InnoDB, it adapts to updates with low space and synchronization costs, achieving up to 7.45× query throughput. (summarized by gpt-6-luna on Oct 08 2026)

Paper ID
h9db519189341da76
Venue
VLDB
Year
2027
Pagerank
4.9769913e-05
Overall Rank
10,350 | 30.44%
DOI
10.14778/3845598.3845599
PDF
Download (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

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Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{chen_vldb27,
        title = {{Replace or Augment: Rethinking the Role of Learned Indexes in Relational Databases}},
        author = {Chen, Zhipeng and Li, Meng and Wang, Hancheng and Lv, Junhan and Dai, Haipeng and Luo, Siqiang},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '27},
        volume = {20},
        number = {1},
        pages = {1--15},
        doi = {10.14778/3845598.3845599},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3845598.3845599},
        year = {2027}
}

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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 39 of 39 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
40 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00046363107
252 Database Cracking 2007 CIDR 0.00023101361
422 ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index 2020 SIGMOD 0.00018488849
458 The PGM-index: a fully-dynamic compressed learned index with provable worst-case bounds 2020 VLDB 0.00017880664
768 FITing-Tree: A Data-aware Index Structure 2019 SIGMOD 0.00014107655
835 Benchmarking Learned Indexes 2021 VLDB 0.00013575971
861 An Empirical Evaluation of In-Memory Multi-Version Concurrency Control 2017 VLDB 0.00013401147
960 Reducing the Storage Overhead of Main-Memory OLTP Databases with Hybrid Indexes 2016 SIGMOD 0.0001283613
1,525 Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions 2021 VLDB 0.00010355133
2,582 Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready? 2022 VLDB 8.2641447e-05
3,621 Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation 2023 VLDB 7.1510804e-05
3,710 CARMI: A Cache-Aware Learned Index with a Cost-based Construction Algorithm 2022 VLDB 7.0775695e-05
4,362 NFL: Robust Learned Index via Distribution Transformation 2022 VLDB 6.6357559e-05
4,738 Rethinking Logging, Checkpoints, and Recovery for High-Performance Storage Engines 2020 SIGMOD 6.4417968e-05
5,221 LeanStore: A High-Performance Storage Engine for NVMe SSDs 2024 VLDB 6.2207378e-05
5,378 Updatable Learned Indexes Meet Disk-Resident DBMS - From Evaluations to Design Choices 2023 SIGMOD 6.1551053e-05
5,405 FILM: a Fully Learned Index for Larger-than-Memory Databases 2023 VLDB 6.1435108e-05
5,700 PilotScope: Steering Databases with Machine Learning Drivers 2024 VLDB 6.028998e-05
6,027 Automated Multidimensional Data Layouts in Amazon Redshift 2024 SIGMOD 5.9089922e-05
6,179 Catalyst: Optimizing Cache Management for Large In-memory Key-value Systems 2023 VLDB 5.8576036e-05
6,613 Making In-Memory Learned Indexes Efficient on Disk 2024 SIGMOD 5.7326443e-05
6,726 Memory-Optimized Multi-Version Concurrency Control for Disk-Based Database Systems 2022 VLDB 5.6953141e-05
6,787 SALI: A Scalable Adaptive Learned Index Framework based on Probability Models 2023 SIGMOD 5.6810904e-05
7,029 BP-tree: Overcoming the Point-Range Operation Tradeoff for In-Memory B-trees 2023 VLDB 5.6152961e-05
7,082 LITS: An Optimized Learned Index for Strings 2024 VLDB 5.6010119e-05
7,297 Hyper: A High-Performance and Memory-Efficient Learned Index via Hybrid Construction 2024 SIGMOD 5.5609237e-05
7,446 Scalable and Robust Snapshot Isolation for High-Performance Storage Engines 2023 VLDB 5.5227651e-05
7,498 B^link-hash: An Adaptive Hybrid Index for In-Memory Time-Series Databases 2023 VLDB 5.5078165e-05
7,982 DecLog: Decentralized Logging in Non-Volatile Memory for Time Series Database Systems 2024 VLDB 5.4114146e-05
8,032 NeurDB: On the Design and Implementation of an AI-powered Autonomous Database 2025 CIDR 5.4017794e-05
9,072 Repeating History Beyond ARIES 1999 VLDB 5.2261389e-05
9,295 Revisiting B-tree Compression: An Experimental Study 2024 SIGMOD 5.2003819e-05
9,362 ScaleCache: Scalable and Production-grade Buffer Management for Disk-based Database Systems 2025 VLDB 5.1855858e-05
9,559 B-Trees Are Back: Engineering Fast and Pageable Node Layouts 2025 SIGMOD 5.1577035e-05
9,786 NEXT: A New Secondary Index Framework for LSM-based Data Storage 2025 SIGMOD 5.1280785e-05
9,950 Wred: Workload Reduction for Scalable Index Tuning 2024 SIGMOD 5.102891e-05
10,306 AdaNDV: Adaptive Number of Distinct Value Estimation via Learning to Select and Fuse Estimators 2025 VLDB 5.0392037e-05
10,307 DobLIX: A Dual-Objective Learned Index for Log-Structured Merge Trees 2025 VLDB 5.0392037e-05
11,131 VEGA: An Active-tuning Learned Index with Group-Wise Learning Granularity 2025 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
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