The Case for Learned Index Structures

Summary: Indexes treated as models; learned indexes proposed as replacements for B-Tree, Hash, and Bitmap indexes. The paper analyzes theoretical conditions under which learned indexes outperform traditional ones and reports initial results, signaling ML-driven data management as a design paradigm. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: 5556
Venue: SIGMOD
Year: 2018
Pagerank: 0.0004530684
Overall Rank: 45 | 99.69%
DOI: 10.1145/3183713.3196909

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 6 of 206 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
11,448	Learning Algorithms for Automatic Data Structure Design	2021	SIGMOD	5.1725247e-05
11,490	Learning-Aided Heuristics Design for Storage System	2021	SIGMOD	5.1725247e-05
11,508	LES3: Learning-based Exact Set Similarity Search	2021	VLDB	5.1725247e-05
11,547	Migrating a Privacy-Safe Information Extraction System to a Software 2.0 Design	2020	CIDR	5.1725247e-05
11,573	From Worst-Case to Average-Case Analysis: Accurate Latency Predictions for Key-Value Storage Engines	2020	SIGMOD	5.1725247e-05
11,576	Workload-Aware Column Imprints	2020	SIGMOD	5.1725247e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 18 of 18 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
34	The Design Of Postgres	1986	SIGMOD	0.0004954896
59	Differential Files: Their Application To The Maintenance Of Large Data Bases	1976	SIGMOD	0.00040188459
67	Making B+-Trees Cache Conscious in Main Memory	2000	SIGMOD	0.00038604158
220	A Study of Index Structures for Main Memory Database Management Systems	1986	VLDB	0.00024501959
239	Small Materialized Aggregates: A Light Weight Index Structure for Data Warehousing	1998	VLDB	0.00023999126
279	FAST: Fast Architecture Sensitive Tree Search on Modern CPUs and GPUs	2010	SIGMOD	0.00022556553
651	Building a Database on S3	2008	SIGMOD	0.0001542467
930	RDF-3X: a RISC-style Engine for RDF	2008	VLDB	0.00013207168
973	Reducing the Storage Overhead of Main-Memory OLTP Databases with Hybrid Indexes	2016	SIGMOD	0.00012963904
1,126	Adaptive Range Filters for Cold Data: Avoiding Trips to Siberia	2013	VLDB	0.00012159658
1,277	A Seven-Dimensional Analysis of Hashing Methods and its Implications on Query Processing	2016	VLDB	0.00011464259
1,322	The End of a Myth: Distributed Transactions Can Scale	2017	VLDB	0.00011274844
1,432	An Architecture for Compiling UDF-centric Workflows	2015	VLDB	0.00010905682
1,517	BF-Tree: Approximate Tree Indexing	2014	VLDB	0.00010572807
1,593	SCADS: Scale-Independent Storage for Social Computing Applications	2009	CIDR	0.00010341471
3,423	A Hybrid B+-tree as Solution for In-Memory Indexing on CPU-GPU Heterogeneous Computing Platforms	2016	SIGMOD	7.5027088e-05
3,577	Two Birds, One Stone: A Fast, yet Lightweight, Indexing Scheme for Modern Database Systems	2017	VLDB	7.3506663e-05
4,929	The Wavelet Trie: Maintaining an Indexed Sequence of Strings in Compressed Space	2012	PODS	6.5050788e-05

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Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
8,697	Tuning Hierarchical Learned Indexes on Disk and Beyond	2022	SIGMOD	5.4473761e-05
4,637	Hist-Tree: Those Who Ignore It Are Doomed to Learn	2021	CIDR	6.6558829e-05
9,733	Why Are Learned Indexes So Effective but Sometimes Ineffective?	2025	VLDB	5.2802856e-05
5,789	Updatable Learned Indexes Meet Disk-Resident DBMS - From Evaluations to Design Choices	2023	SIGMOD	6.1471889e-05
1,742	Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions	2021	VLDB	9.9382185e-05
3,231	Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready?	2022	VLDB	7.6889233e-05
1,933	Effectively Learning Spatial Indices	2020	VLDB	9.5367762e-05
6,958	Making In-Memory Learned Indexes Efficient on Disk	2024	SIGMOD	5.7990776e-05
4,256	Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation	2023	VLDB	6.8662757e-05
923	Benchmarking Learned Indexes	2021	VLDB	0.00013252326