Making In-Memory Learned Indexes Efficient on Disk

Summary: Shows how to adapt in-memory learned indexes to disk via six generic transformations/optimizations tailored to storage behavior. The resulting indexes Pareto-dominate B+trees and prior disk learned indexes in throughput and space efficiency. (summarized by gpt-5.4-mini on May 24 2026)

Paper ID: 6916
Venue: SIGMOD
Year: 2024
Pagerank: 4.7386163e-05
Overall Rank: 7,389 | 48.65%
DOI: 10.1145/3654954

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 8 of 8 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
9,745	Why Are Learned Indexes So Effective but Sometimes Ineffective?	2025	VLDB	4.2856385e-05
10,038	Understanding Robustness Issues of Updatable Learned Indexes: [Experiments & Analysis]	2026	SIGMOD	4.1905499e-05
10,172	HIRE: A Hybrid Learned Index for Robust and Efficient Performance under Mixed Workloads	2026	SIGMOD	4.1905499e-05
10,407	VEGA: An Active-tuning Learned Index with Group-Wise Learning Granularity	2025	SIGMOD	4.1905499e-05
10,494	Femur: A Flexible Framework for Fast and Secure Querying from Public Key-Value Store	2025	SIGMOD	4.1905499e-05
10,571	FB+-tree: A Memory-Optimized B+-tree with Latch-Free Update	2025	VLDB	4.1905499e-05
10,719	DobLIX: A Dual-Objective Learned Index for Log-Structured Merge Trees	2025	VLDB	4.1905499e-05
10,984	Enabling Adaptive Sampling for Intra-Window Join: Simultaneously Optimizing Quantity and Quality	2024	SIGMOD	4.1905499e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 25 of 25 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
101	The Case for Learned Index Structures	2018	SIGMOD	0.00049778866
132	Integrating Compression and Execution in Column-Oriented Database Systems	2006	SIGMOD	0.00043697853
819	ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index	2020	SIGMOD	0.00016237497
844	The PGM-index: a fully-dynamic compressed learned index with provable worst-case bounds	2020	VLDB	0.00015964123
1,300	Reducing the Storage Overhead of Main-Memory OLTP Databases with Hybrid Indexes	2016	SIGMOD	0.00012711153
1,365	FITing-Tree: A Data-aware Index Structure	2019	SIGMOD	0.00012379754
1,438	Benchmarking Learned Indexes	2021	VLDB	0.00011965956
1,464	Learning Multi-dimensional Indexes	2020	SIGMOD	0.0001184772
1,887	Tsunami: A Learned Multi-dimensional Index for Correlated Data and Skewed Workloads	2021	VLDB	0.00010201938
2,108	LISA: A Learned Index Structure for Spatial Data	2020	SIGMOD	9.5283642e-05
2,550	Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions	2021	VLDB	8.5569576e-05
2,676	Effectively Learning Spatial Indices	2020	VLDB	8.326321e-05
3,136	FINEdex: A Fine-grained Learned Index Scheme for Scalable and Concurrent Memory Systems	2022	VLDB	7.4926368e-05
3,419	LeCo: Lightweight Compression via Learning Serial Correlations	2024	SIGMOD	7.1127752e-05
3,682	Exploiting Directly-Attached NVMe Arrays in DBMS	2020	CIDR	6.8429686e-05
3,945	APEX: A High-Performance Learned Index on Persistent Memory	2022	VLDB	6.605467e-05
4,056	Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready?	2022	VLDB	6.4905689e-05
4,069	CDFShop: Exploring and Optimizing Learned Index Structures	2020	SIGMOD	6.4744708e-05
4,523	ScaleStore: A Fast and Cost-Efficient Storage Engine using DRAM, NVMe, and RDMA	2022	SIGMOD	6.1102901e-05
4,830	CARMI: A Cache-Aware Learned Index with a Cost-based Construction Algorithm	2022	VLDB	5.8884997e-05
5,072	Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation	2023	VLDB	5.7121108e-05
5,601	PLIN: A Persistent Learned Index for Non-Volatile Memory with High Performance and Instant Recovery	2023	VLDB	5.4158958e-05
5,655	NFL: Robust Learned Index via Distribution Transformation	2022	VLDB	5.3877506e-05
6,442	Updatable Learned Indexes Meet Disk-Resident DBMS - From Evaluations to Design Choices	2023	SIGMOD	5.0541252e-05
6,488	FILM: a Fully Learned Index for Larger-than-Memory Databases	2023	VLDB	5.0378878e-05

Semantically Similar Papers

Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
8,079	Accelerating String-key Learned Index Structures via Memoization-based Incremental Training	2024	VLDB	4.5873372e-05
10,087	High Performance or Low Memory? An Updatable Learned Index Framework for Time-Space Tradeoff	2026	SIGMOD	4.1905499e-05
9,745	Why Are Learned Indexes So Effective but Sometimes Ineffective?	2025	VLDB	4.2856385e-05
8,471	Adaptive Index Structures	2002	VLDB	4.4986491e-05
4,056	Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready?	2022	VLDB	6.4905689e-05
101	The Case for Learned Index Structures	2018	SIGMOD	0.00049778866
5,072	Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation	2023	VLDB	5.7121108e-05
8,811	Tuning Hierarchical Learned Indexes on Disk and Beyond	2022	SIGMOD	4.4398976e-05
1,438	Benchmarking Learned Indexes	2021	VLDB	0.00011965956
6,442	Updatable Learned Indexes Meet Disk-Resident DBMS - From Evaluations to Design Choices	2023	SIGMOD	5.0541252e-05