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Milvus: A Purpose-Built Vector Data Management System

Summary: Milvus is a purpose-built vector data management system for large-scale dynamic vector data on CPU/GPU and clusters. It offers SDKs/REST, advanced queries beyond similarity search, and scalable updates, outperforming Vearch/SPTAG by up to 100x. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
6301
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2021
Pagerank
0.00022357911
Overall Rank
286 | 98.04%
DOI
10.1145/3448016.3457550

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{wang_sigmod21,
        title = {{Milvus: A Purpose-Built Vector Data Management System}},
        author = {Wang, Jianguo and Yi, Xiaomeng and Guo, Rentong and Jin, Hai and Xu, Peng and Li, Shengjun and Wang, Xiangyu and Guo, Xiangzhou and Li, Chengming and Xu, Xiaohai and Yu, Kun and Yuan, Yuxing and Zou, Yinghao and Long, Jiquan and Cai, Yudong and Li, Zhenxiang and Zhang, Zhifeng and Mo, Yihua and Gu, Jun and Jiang, Ruiyi and Wei, Yi and Xie, Charles},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '21},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3448016.3457550},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3448016.3457550},
        year = {2021}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 43 of 93 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
9,889 SAQ: Pushing the Limits of Vector Quantization through Code Adjustment and Dimension Segmentation 2026 SIGMOD 5.1997534e-05
9,915 MicroNN: An On-device Disk-resident Updatable Vector Database 2025 SIGMOD 5.1955087e-05
9,918 HAKES: Scalable Vector Database for Embedding Search Service 2025 VLDB 5.1955087e-05
9,919 Select Edges Wisely: Monotonic Path Aware Graph Layout Optimization for Disk-based ANN Search 2025 VLDB 5.1955087e-05
10,034 HARMONY: A Scalable Distributed Vector Database for High-Throughput Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.173224e-05
10,035 CoTra: Towards Efficient and Scalable Distributed Vector Search with RDMA 2026 SIGMOD 5.173224e-05
10,036 VStream: A Distributed Streaming Vector Search System 2025 VLDB 5.173224e-05
10,193 An In-Depth Study of Filter-Agnostic Vector Search on a PostgreSQL Database System: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,201 Balancing Global and Local: Representative Sampling for Large-Scale Vector Data 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,227 Efficient Index Layout and Search Strategy for Large-scale High-dimensional Vector Similarity Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,233 Enhancing Graph-based Approximate Maximum Inner Product Search via Norm-Adaptive Partitioning 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,242 FAVOR: Efficient Filter-Agnostic Vector ANNS Based on Selectivity-Aware Exclusion Distances 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,251 GPS: Revisiting the Data Layout for Disk-based High-Dimensional Vector Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,279 PathSeer: Adaptive Neighbor Handling for Efficient Filtered ANN Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,297 TaCo: Data-adaptive and Query-aware Subspace Collision for High-dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,299 Through the Lens of Hubness: A Revisit on Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,336 Accelerating High-Dimensional ANN Search via Skipping Redundant Distance Computations 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,346 Beyond Vector Search: Querying With and Without Predicates 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,350 Building Stateless Serverless Vector DBs via Block-based Data Partitioning 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,381 Integrating Vector Databases across Embedding Models 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,400 Scalable Graph Indexing using GPUs for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,401 SEFRQO: A Self-Evolving Fine-Tuned RAG-Based Query Optimizer 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,412 TRIM: Accelerating High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search with Enhanced Triangle-Inequality-Based Pruning 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,417 WoW: A Window-to-Window Incremental Index for Range-Filtering Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,435 CANDOR-Bench: Benchmarking In-Memory Continuous ANNS under Dynamic Open-World Streams [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,439 Curator: Efficient Vector Search with Low-Selectivity Filters 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,443 Distribution-Aware Exploration for Adaptive HNSW Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,447 Efficient and Robust Out-Of-Distribution Vector Similarity Search with Cross-Distribution Monotonic Graph 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,449 Efficient Vector Index Merging in Vector Databases 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,455 FGIM: a Fast Graph-based Indexes Merging Framework for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,456 FlashANNS: GPU-Driven Asynchronous I/O Pipelining for Eliminating Storage-Compute Bottlenecks in Billion-Scale Similarity Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,490 RAIRS: Optimizing Redundant Assignment and List Layout for IVF-Based ANN Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,544 I/O Optimizations for Graph-Based Disk-Resident Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: A Design Space Exploration 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,563 Balancing the Blend: An Experimental Analysis of Trade-offs in Hybrid Search 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,571 An Experimental Evaluation of Hybrid Querying on Vectors 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,585 RED-ANNS: An RDMA-Enabled Distributed Framework for Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,601 Elastic Index Selection for Label-Hybrid AKNN Search 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,630 Cephalopod - Virtual Data Model Composition through Partial Query Translation 2025 CIDR 5.093636e-05
10,889 Concurrency Control as a Service 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,005 GaussDB-Vector: A Large-Scale Persistent Real-Time Vector Database for LLM Applications 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,059 Cardinality Estimation for Similarity Search on High-Dimensional Data Objects: The Impact of Reference Objects 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,066 ML-Asset Management: Curation, Discovery, and Utilization 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,168 RITA: Group Attention is All You Need for Timeseries Analytics 2024 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 20 of 20 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
5 Optimal Aggregation Algorithms for Middleware [Extended Abstract] 2001 PODS 0.0010828372
21 Similarity Search in High Dimensions via Hashing 1999 VLDB 0.00056760516
66 The Snowflake Elastic Data Warehouse 2016 SIGMOD 0.00038561587
73 Amazon Aurora: Design Considerations for High Throughput Cloud-Native Relational Databases 2017 SIGMOD 0.00037333356
93 Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search With The Navigating Spreading-out Graph 2019 VLDB 0.00034701237
148 Gorilla: A Fast, Scalable, In-Memory Time Series Database 2015 VLDB 0.00029250767
406 AnalyticDB-V: A Hybrid Analytical Engine Towards Query Fusion for Structured and Unstructured Data 2020 VLDB 0.00019054532
805 Cache locality is not enough: High-Performance Nearest Neighbor Search with Product Quantization Fast Scan 2016 VLDB 0.00013891999
1,065 PASE: PostgreSQL Ultra-High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search Extension 2020 SIGMOD 0.00012335063
1,411 word2vec, node2vec, graph2vec, X2vec: Towards a Theory of Vector Embeddings of Structured Data 2020 PODS 0.00010852334
1,430 VHP: Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search via Virtual Hypersphere Partitioning 2020 VLDB 0.0001080902
1,546 PM-LSH: A Fast and Accurate LSH Framework for High-Dimensional Approximate NN Search 2020 VLDB 0.00010407159
2,010 iDEC: Indexable Distance Estimating Codes for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2020 VLDB 9.3085202e-05
2,224 An Experimental Study of Bitmap Compression vs. Inverted List Compression 2017 SIGMOD 8.9183396e-05
2,938 FEXIPRO: Fast and Exact Inner Product Retrieval in Recommender Systems 2017 SIGMOD 7.942728e-05
3,389 Intelligent Probing for Locality Sensitive Hashing: Multi-Probe LSH and Beyond 2017 VLDB 7.4525222e-05
3,692 Db2 Event Store: A Purpose-Built IoT Database Engine 2020 VLDB 7.199318e-05
3,697 Aggregation Support for Modern Graph Analytics in TigerGraph 2020 SIGMOD 7.1903457e-05
3,702 Best Position Algorithms for Top-k Queries 2007 VLDB 7.1838636e-05
5,601 Optimal Join Algorithms Meet Top-k 2020 SIGMOD 6.1540123e-05
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Semantically Similar Papers

# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
1 10,449 Efficient Vector Index Merging in Vector Databases 2026 SIGMOD
2 13,290 VecFlow-Chamfer: A GPU-based Data Management System for High-Performance Multi-Vector Search on Superchips 2026 SIGMOD
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6 10,036 VStream: A Distributed Streaming Vector Search System 2025 VLDB
7 11,005 GaussDB-Vector: A Large-Scale Persistent Real-Time Vector Database for LLM Applications 2025 VLDB
8 10,350 Building Stateless Serverless Vector DBs via Block-based Data Partitioning 2026 SIGMOD
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