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Athena: An Effective Learning-based Framework for Query Optimizer Performance Improvement

Summary: Athena is a learning-based framework that enhances query optimizer performance by expanding plan exploration and improving learning from executions. It features an order-centric plan explorer, a Tree-Mamba plan comparator, and a time-weighted loss, is implemented on PostgreSQL, and yields multi-benchmark speedups over vanilla PostgreSQL and Lero; open-sourced and portable. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
7345
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2025
Pagerank
5.1845938e-05
Overall Rank
9,971 | 31.60%
DOI
10.1145/3725395

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{li_sigmod25,
        title = {{Athena: An Effective Learning-based Framework for Query Optimizer Performance Improvement}},
        author = {Li, Runzhong and Li, Qilong and Liu, Haotian and Mao, Rui and Li, Qing and Tang, Bo},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '25},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3725395},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3725395},
        year = {2025}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 1 of 1 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
10,515 Sample-based Distinct Cardinality Estimation for Multiple Attributes in Multi-Dataset Queries 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 40 of 40 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1 Access Path Selection in a Relational Database Management System 1979 SIGMOD 0.0024089429
18 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00059284255
34 The Design Of Postgres 1986 SIGMOD 0.00049302774
84 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00035838391
100 LEO - DB2's LEarning Optimizer 2001 VLDB 0.00034385207
154 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.00028726181
271 TiDB: A Raft-based HTAP Database 2020 VLDB 0.00022703024
323 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00021264788
378 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00019638121
401 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00019092557
465 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.0001803934
513 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00017190574
563 Plan-Structured Deep Neural Network Models for Query Performance Prediction 2019 VLDB 0.0001650812
697 Selectivity Estimation for Range Predicates using Lightweight Models 2019 VLDB 0.00014888851
1,122 Cardinality Estimation in DBMS: A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluation 2022 VLDB 0.0001209124
1,241 Balsa: Learning a Query Optimizer Without Expert Demonstrations 2022 SIGMOD 0.00011521639
1,573 Deep Learning Models for Selectivity Estimation of Multi-Attribute Queries 2020 SIGMOD 0.00010328171
1,832 DSB: A Decision Support Benchmark for Workload-Driven and Traditional Database Systems 2021 VLDB 9.6607418e-05
1,876 Flow-Loss: Learning Cardinality Estimates That Matter 2021 VLDB 9.5717543e-05
1,948 Greenplum: A Hybrid Database for Transactional and Analytical Workloads 2021 SIGMOD 9.432395e-05
1,988 FLAT: Fast, Lightweight and Accurate Method for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 9.3501502e-05
2,420 Lero: A Learning-to-Rank Query Optimizer 2023 VLDB 8.605257e-05
2,620 Fauce: Fast and Accurate Deep Ensembles with Uncertainty for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 8.3363963e-05
2,991 FactorJoin: A New Cardinality Estimation Framework for Join Queries 2023 SIGMOD 7.8880723e-05
3,086 A Unified Deep Model of Learning from both Data and Queries for Cardinality Estimation 2021 SIGMOD 7.7708642e-05
3,338 Robust Query Driven Cardinality Estimation under Changing Workloads 2023 VLDB 7.5068221e-05
3,516 LOGER: A Learned Optimizer towards Generating Efficient and Robust Query Execution Plans 2023 VLDB 7.3524442e-05
3,688 FACE: A Normalizing Flow based Cardinality Estimator 2022 VLDB 7.201795e-05
4,349 ALECE: An Attention-based Learned Cardinality Estimator for SPJ Queries on Dynamic Workloads 2024 VLDB 6.7504619e-05
4,470 Kepler: Robust Learning for Faster Parametric Query Optimization 2023 SIGMOD 6.6817353e-05
5,576 SafeBound: A Practical System for Generating Cardinality Bounds 2023 SIGMOD 6.1663946e-05
5,701 Lemo: A Cache-Enhanced Learned Optimizer for Concurrent Queries 2023 SIGMOD 6.1167049e-05
5,712 Sample-Efficient Cardinality Estimation Using Geometric Deep Learning 2024 VLDB 6.1123894e-05
6,543 Speeding Up End-to-end Query Execution via Learning-based Progressive Cardinality Estimation 2023 SIGMOD 5.8461929e-05
6,704 ASM: Harmonizing Autoregressive Model, Sampling, and Multi-dimensional Statistics Merging for Cardinality Estimation 2024 SIGMOD 5.797374e-05
6,760 LPLM: A Neural Language Model for Cardinality Estimation of LIKE-Queries 2024 SIGMOD 5.7826781e-05
7,290 Learning to be a Statistician: Learned Estimator for Number of Distinct Values 2022 VLDB 5.6540503e-05
7,747 Convolution and Cross-Correlation of Count Sketches Enables Fast Cardinality Estimation of Multi-Join Queries 2024 SIGMOD 5.5529458e-05
8,986 One Seed, Two Birds: A Unified Learned Structure for Exact and Approximate Counting 2024 SIGMOD 5.3387783e-05
9,491 CEDA: Learned Cardinality Estimation with Domain Adaptation 2023 VLDB 5.2626014e-05
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