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Understanding Robustness Issues of Updatable Learned Indexes: [Experiments & Analysis]

Summary: Systematic benchmarking shows updatable learned indexes lack robustness: real-time model instability erodes gains and they rarely beat traditional indexes in workloads. Root causes include overfitting and unbalanced structures; mitigations offered. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
7345
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2026
Pagerank
4.1945683e-05
Overall Rank
10,038 | 30.17%
DOI
10.1145/3749188

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Showing 34 of 34 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
102 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00049545203
826 ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index 2020 SIGMOD 0.00016224841
857 The PGM-index: a fully-dynamic compressed learned index with provable worst-case bounds 2020 VLDB 0.00015882892
1,087 HOT: A Height Optimized Trie Index for Main-Memory Database Systems 2018 SIGMOD 0.00014162909
1,312 Reducing the Storage Overhead of Main-Memory OLTP Databases with Hybrid Indexes 2016 SIGMOD 0.00012652548
1,375 FITing-Tree: A Data-aware Index Structure 2019 SIGMOD 0.00012303141
1,460 Benchmarking Learned Indexes 2021 VLDB 0.00011887068
1,664 On Multi-Column Foreign Key Discovery 2010 VLDB 0.00010976887
1,703 Are We Ready For Learned Cardinality Estimation? 2021 VLDB 0.00010836769
2,552 Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions 2021 VLDB 8.5530411e-05
3,131 FINEdex: A Fine-grained Learned Index Scheme for Scalable and Concurrent Memory Systems 2022 VLDB 7.4985793e-05
4,060 CDFShop: Exploring and Optimizing Learned Index Structures 2020 SIGMOD 6.4836825e-05
4,128 Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready? 2022 VLDB 6.4292373e-05
4,427 TreeLine: An Update-In-Place Key-Value Store for Modern Storage 2023 VLDB 6.1965873e-05
5,074 Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation 2023 VLDB 5.7175726e-05
5,157 Hist-Tree: Those Who Ignore It Are Doomed to Learn 2021 CIDR 5.6589595e-05
5,319 DILI: A Distribution-Driven Learned Index 2023 VLDB 5.5713974e-05
5,428 The Price of Tailoring the Index to Your Data: Poisoning Attacks on Learned Index Structures 2022 SIGMOD 5.5091613e-05
5,592 PLIN: A Persistent Learned Index for Non-Volatile Memory with High Performance and Instant Recovery 2023 VLDB 5.4210633e-05
5,642 NFL: Robust Learned Index via Distribution Transformation 2022 VLDB 5.3929294e-05
6,492 FILM: a Fully Learned Index for Larger-than-Memory Databases 2023 VLDB 5.042727e-05
6,724 A Critical Analysis of Recursive Model Indexes 2022 VLDB 4.9484506e-05
6,879 Detect, Distill and Update: Learned DB Systems Facing Out of Distribution Data 2023 SIGMOD 4.8971368e-05
7,008 Is Your Learned Query Optimizer Behaving As You Expect? A Machine Learning Perspective 2024 VLDB 4.8643538e-05
7,390 Making In-Memory Learned Indexes Efficient on Disk 2024 SIGMOD 4.7431654e-05
7,828 Modeling Shifting Workloads for Learned Database Systems 2024 SIGMOD 4.6407986e-05
7,869 SALI: A Scalable Adaptive Learned Index Framework based on Probability Models 2023 SIGMOD 4.6315248e-05
8,101 Hyper: A High-Performance and Memory-Efficient Learned Index via Hybrid Construction 2024 SIGMOD 4.5854141e-05
8,183 Two is Better Than One: The Case for 2-Tree for Skewed Data Sets 2023 CIDR 4.5658208e-05
8,671 Algorithmic Complexity Attacks on Dynamic Learned Indexes 2024 VLDB 4.4714076e-05
9,213 PACE: Poisoning Attacks on Learned Cardinality Estimation 2024 SIGMOD 4.3721075e-05
9,346 Can Learned Indexes be Built Efficiently? A Deep Dive into Sampling Trade-offs 2024 SIGMOD 4.3532026e-05
9,902 Robustness of Updatable Learning-based Index Advisors against Poisoning Attack 2024 SIGMOD 4.258022e-05
9,903 Towards Systematic Index Dynamization 2024 VLDB 4.258022e-05
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