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CodeS: Towards Building Open-source Language Models for Text-to-SQL

Summary: Open-source text-to-SQL LMs (1B–15B) that beat closed LLM SOTA, with SQL-centric incremental pretraining. Key tricks: schema-linking/domain-adaptation via prompt design + bidirectional augmentation; strong gains on Spider, BIRD, robustness, and real-world datasets. (summarized by gpt-5.4-mini on May 24 2026)

Paper ID
6954
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2024
Pagerank
0.0001431656
Overall Rank
756 | 94.82%
DOI
10.1145/3654930

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{li_sigmod24,
        title = {{CodeS: Towards Building Open-source Language Models for Text-to-SQL}},
        author = {Li, Haoyang and Zhang, Jing and Liu, Hanbing and Fan, Ju and Zhang, Xiaokang and Zhu, Jun and Wei, Renjie and Pan, Hongyan and Li, Cuiping and Chen, Hong},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '24},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3654930},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3654930},
        year = {2024}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 36 of 36 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2,395 OmniSQL: Synthesizing High-quality Text-to-SQL Data at Scale 2025 VLDB 8.6355093e-05
2,710 OpenSearch-SQL: Enhancing Text-to-SQL with Dynamic Few-shot and Consistency Alignment 2025 SIGMOD 8.2206448e-05
2,852 The Dawn of Natural Language to SQL: Are We Fully Ready? 2024 VLDB 8.0455088e-05
3,787 Combining Small Language Models and Large Language Models for Zero-Shot NL2SQL 2024 VLDB 7.1249098e-05
5,323 SNAILS: Schema Naming Assessments for Improved LLM-Based SQL Inference 2025 SIGMOD 6.2655413e-05
6,211 GenEdit: Compounding Operators and Continuous Improvement to Tackle Text-to-SQL in the Enterprise 2025 CIDR 5.9425753e-05
6,267 Automated Validating and Fixing of Text-to-SQL Translation with Execution Consistency 2025 SIGMOD 5.9348282e-05
6,936 Reliable Text-to-SQL with Adaptive Abstention 2025 SIGMOD 5.7349543e-05
6,997 E2ETune: End-to-End Knob Tuning via Fine-tuned Generative Language Model 2025 VLDB 5.7300324e-05
9,024 Demonstrating SQLBarber: Leveraging Large Language Models to Generate Customized and Realistic SQL Workloads 2025 SIGMOD 5.3299884e-05
9,047 SQL-Factory: A Multi-Agent Framework for High-Quality and Large-Scale SQL Generation 2026 VLDB 5.3251649e-05
9,305 The Power of Constraints in Natural Language to SQL Translation 2025 VLDB 5.289545e-05
9,870 Natural Language to SQL: State of the Art and Open Problems 2025 VLDB 5.2043672e-05
10,211 Comparison and Analysis of Value Linking in Text-to-SQL Systems [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,217 DeepEye-SQL: A Software-Engineering-Inspired Text-to-SQL Framework 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,276 OctoSelector: Efficient and Effective Batch-Aware Model Selection for Large Language Models 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,285 Reward-SQL: Boosting Text-to-SQL via Stepwise Execution-Aware Reasoning and Process-Supervised Rewards 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,340 AgentTune: An Agent-Based Large Language Model Framework for Database Knob Tuning 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,344 Are Your LLM-based Text-to-SQL Models Secure? Exploring SQL Injection via Backdoor Attacks 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,384 MCTuner: Spatial Decomposition-Enhanced Database Tuning via LLM-Guided Exploration 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,389 PLForge: Enhancing Language Models for Natural Language to Procedural Extensions of SQL 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,398 Reliable Answers for Recurring Questions: Boosting Text-to-SQL Accuracy with Template Constrained Decoding 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,405 AixelAsk: A Stepwise-Guided Retrieval and Reasoning Framework for Large Table QA 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,444 DIVER: A Robust Text-to-SQL System with Dynamic Interactive Value Linking and Evidence Reasoning 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,483 PRISM: Navigating Cost–Accuracy Trade-offs for NL2SQL 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,499 SchemaRAG: A Schema-aware Retrieval-Augmented Generation Framework for Text-to-SQL 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,501 SQLBarber: A System Leveraging Large Language Models to Generate Customized and Realistic SQL Workloads 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,510 NL2SQLBench: A Modular Benchmarking Framework for LLM-Enabled NL2SQL Solutions 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,537 TACO: A Benchmark for Open-Domain Text-to-SQL with Ambiguous and Cross-Database Queries 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,556 OpenSQL: Data-Efficient Text-to-SQL for Open-Source LLMs via Synthesized Intermediate Supervision 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,618 ELT-Bench: An End-to-End Benchmark for Evaluating AI Agents on ELT Pipelines 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,625 Pervasive Annotation Errors Break Text-to-SQL Benchmarks and Leaderboards 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,732 RTS+: Reliable Text to SQL 2025 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,940 Evoschema: Towards Text-To-Sql Robustness Against Schema Evolution 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,998 SiriusBI: A Comprehensive LLM-Powered Solution for Data Analytics in Business Intelligence 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,013 Towards Automated Cross-domain Exploratory Data Analysis through Large Language Models 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 4 of 4 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
279 Text-to-SQL Empowered by Large Language Models: A Benchmark Evaluation 2024 VLDB 0.00022468369
1,444 CatSQL: Towards Real World Natural Language to SQL Applications 2023 VLDB 0.00010769944
2,039 ScienceBenchmark: A Complex Real-World Benchmark for Evaluating Natural Language to SQL Systems 2024 VLDB 9.2721259e-05
2,748 Few-shot Text-to-SQL Translation using Structure and Content Prompt Learning 2023 SIGMOD 8.1707811e-05
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