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LEO - DB2's LEarning Optimizer

Summary: LEO, DB2's LEarning Optimizer, uses a feedback loop to repair cardinality estimates by comparing forecasts with actuals at each QEP step. Online or offline, incremental or batched, it updates costs and statistics across operators (joins, DISTINCT, GROUP BY) with low overhead and large potential gains. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
8727
Venue
VLDB
Year
2001
Pagerank
0.00036970794
Overall Rank
181 | 98.75%
DOI
-

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

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Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 122 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
3,992 FactorJoin: A New Cardinality Estimation Framework for Join Queries 2023 SIGMOD 6.5519369e-05
4,171 Computation Reuse in Analytics Job Service at Microsoft 2018 SIGMOD 6.3800823e-05
4,216 Make Your Database System Dream of Electric Sheep: Towards Self-Driving Operation 2021 VLDB 6.3448176e-05
4,272 Looking Ahead Makes Query Plans Robust: Making the Initial Case with In-Memory Star Schema Data Warehouse Workloads 2017 VLDB 6.2933353e-05
4,280 Primitives for Workload Summarization and Implications for SQL 2003 VLDB 6.28375e-05
4,342 Identifying Robust Plans through Plan Diagram Reduction 2008 VLDB 6.2680535e-05
4,353 Buffer Pool Aware Query Optimization 2005 CIDR 6.2535805e-05
4,385 Proving Query Equivalence Using Linear Integer Arithmetic 2023 SIGMOD 6.2247394e-05
4,413 Robust Query Driven Cardinality Estimation under Changing Workloads 2023 VLDB 6.1989918e-05
4,434 Xplus: A SQL-Tuning-Aware Query Optimizer 2010 VLDB 6.1851729e-05
4,517 A Characterization of the Sensitivity of Query Optimization to Storage Access Cost Parameters 2003 SIGMOD 6.1143396e-05
4,566 Adaptive Statistics in Oracle 12c 2017 VLDB 6.073045e-05
4,618 Adaptive Query Processing in the Looking Glass 2005 CIDR 6.039398e-05
4,658 PreQR: Pre-training Representation for SQL Understanding 2022 SIGMOD 6.0084453e-05
4,890 Content-Based Routing: Different Plans for Different Data 2005 VLDB 5.8477169e-05
5,019 Automated Statistics Collection in DB2 UDB 2004 VLDB 5.7492033e-05
5,165 Inspector Joins 2005 VLDB 5.6477024e-05
5,168 FiGO: Fine-Grained Query Optimization in Video Analytics 2022 SIGMOD 5.6446115e-05
5,309 Continuous Cloud-Scale Query Optimization and Processing 2013 VLDB 5.5714729e-05
5,405 ALECE: An Attention-based Learned Cardinality Estimator for SPJ Queries on Dynamic Workloads 2024 VLDB 5.5243727e-05
5,476 On the Production of Anorexic Plan Diagrams 2007 VLDB 5.4866057e-05
5,520 Exploring Change – A New Dimension of Data Analytics 2019 VLDB 5.4680662e-05
5,540 Permutable Compiled Queries: Dynamically Adapting Compiled Queries without Recompiling 2021 VLDB 5.450319e-05
5,543 Lightweight Cardinality Estimation in LSM-based Systems 2018 SIGMOD 5.4486922e-05
5,676 A Pay-As-You-Go Framework for Query Execution Feedback 2008 VLDB 5.3768269e-05
5,682 LSched: A Workload-Aware Learned Query Scheduler for Analytical Database Systems 2022 SIGMOD 5.3752251e-05
5,699 PREDIcT: Towards Predicting the Runtime of Large Scale Iterative Analytics 2013 VLDB 5.3655096e-05
5,824 StatAdvisor: Recommending Statistical Views 2009 VLDB 5.311975e-05
5,931 FASTgres: Making Learned Query Optimizer Hinting Effective 2023 VLDB 5.2632167e-05
5,983 Understanding Cardinality Estimation using Entropy Maximization 2010 PODS 5.240797e-05
6,053 POP/FED: Progressive Query Optimization for Federated Queries in DB2 2006 VLDB 5.2310929e-05
6,298 Towards instance-optimized data systems 2021 VLDB 5.1182917e-05
6,341 Operator and Query Progress Estimation in Microsoft SQL Server Live Query Statistics 2016 SIGMOD 5.0980049e-05
6,507 Expand your Training Limits! Generating Training Data for ML-based Data Management 2021 SIGMOD 5.0273414e-05
6,561 On the Stability of Plan Costs and the Costs of Plan Stability 2010 VLDB 5.0055336e-05
6,649 Grizzly: Efficient Stream Processing Through Adaptive Query Compilation 2020 SIGMOD 4.9724735e-05
6,683 Adaptive and Robust Query Execution for Lakehouses at Scale 2024 VLDB 4.9593505e-05
6,883 PilotScope: Steering Databases with Machine Learning Drivers 2024 VLDB 4.8918682e-05
7,220 Speeding Up End-to-end Query Execution via Learning-based Progressive Cardinality Estimation 2023 SIGMOD 4.7926382e-05
7,316 Efficient Adaptive Detection of Complex Event Patterns 2018 VLDB 4.7594979e-05
7,462 Non-Invasive Progressive Optimization for In-Memory Databases 2016 VLDB 4.7189301e-05
7,725 Consistent Histograms In The Presence of Distinct Value Counts 2009 VLDB 4.6621296e-05
7,776 Plan Stitch: Harnessing the Best of Many Plans 2018 VLDB 4.6493147e-05
7,854 dbET: Execution Time Distribution-based Plan Selection 2023 SIGMOD 4.6306186e-05
8,049 Thrifty Query Execution via Incrementability 2020 SIGMOD 4.5939412e-05
8,118 Learning Table Access Cardinalities with LEO 2002 SIGMOD 4.5783775e-05
8,193 On the Calculation of Optimality Ranges for Relational Query Execution Plans 2018 SIGMOD 4.5575291e-05
8,466 FusionInsight LibrA: Huawei’s Enterprise Cloud Data Analytics Platform 2018 VLDB 4.4995574e-05
8,714 Tiresias: Enabling Predictive Autonomous Storage and Indexing 2022 VLDB 4.457682e-05
8,772 SkinnerMT: Parallelizing for Efficiency and Robustness in Adaptive Query Processing on Multicore Platforms 2023 VLDB 4.451034e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 11 of 11 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

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