Bf-Tree: A Modern Read-Write-Optimized Concurrent Larger-Than-Memory Range Index

Summary: Bf-Tree decouples cache pages from 4-KB disk pages, using variable-length mini-pages for record-level caching, buffered updates, and range-gap caching in a concurrent larger-than-memory B-Tree. Outperforms RocksDB and conventional B-Trees on scans, writes, and point lookups. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID: h141d738e7cd1c508
Venue: VLDB
Year: 2024
Pagerank: 5.7696173e-05
Overall Rank: 6,484 | 56.41%
DOI: 10.14778/3681954.3682012

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

1. Xiangpeng Hao (University of Wisconsin)
2. Badrish Chandramouli (Microsoft)

BibTeX Citation

@article{hao_vldb24,
        title = {{Bf-Tree: A Modern Read-Write-Optimized Concurrent Larger-Than-Memory Range Index}},
        author = {Hao, Xiangpeng and Chandramouli, Badrish},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '24},
        volume = {17},
        number = {11},
        pages = {3442--3455},
        doi = {10.14778/3681954.3682012},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3681954.3682012},
        year = {2024}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 8 of 8 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
8,640	Mnemosyne: Dynamic Workload-Aware BF Tuning via Accurate Statistics in LSM trees	2025	SIGMOD	5.2972383e-05
9,727	Tabular: Efficiently Building Efficient Indexes	2025	VLDB	5.1349531e-05
10,569	Focus! Fast On-disk Concurrency-control Using Sketches	2026	SIGMOD	4.9793485e-05
10,652	Improving Range Scan Performance in LSM-trees with Group Caching	2026	SIGMOD	4.9793485e-05
10,669	Predictive Translation: High-Performance Buffer Management Without the Trade-Offs	2026	SIGMOD	4.9793485e-05
10,725	How to Write to SSDs	2026	VLDB	4.9793485e-05
10,758	Dynamic read & write optimization with TurtleKV	2026	VLDB	4.9793485e-05
11,134	TXSQL: Lock Optimizations Towards High Contented Workloads	2025	SIGMOD	4.9793485e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 30 of 30 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
63	Amazon Aurora: Design Considerations for High Throughput Cloud-Native Relational Databases	2017	SIGMOD	0.00038531147
234	TiDB: A Raft-based HTAP Database	2020	VLDB	0.00023765806
546	Faster: A Concurrent Key-Value Store with In-Place Updates	2018	SIGMOD	0.00016590738
636	ERMIA: Fast Memory-Optimized Database System for Heterogeneous Workloads	2016	SIGMOD	0.00015360975
728	Anti-Caching: A New Approach to Database Management System Architecture	2013	VLDB	0.00014414001
964	BzTree: A High-Performance Latch-free Range Index for Non-Volatile Memory	2018	VLDB	0.00012810196
1,320	Building a Bw-Tree Takes More Than Just Buzz Words	2018	SIGMOD	0.00011045319
1,524	Trekking Through Siberia: Managing Cold Data in a Memory-Optimized Database	2014	VLDB	0.00010356318
1,966	Sherman: A Write-Optimized Distributed B+Tree Index on Disaggregated Memory	2022	SIGMOD	9.3039057e-05
1,980	Chucky: A Succinct Cuckoo Filter for LSM-Tree	2021	SIGMOD	9.2595896e-05
2,742	Evaluating Persistent Memory Range Indexes	2020	VLDB	8.0681227e-05
2,866	APEX: A High-Performance Learned Index on Persistent Memory	2022	VLDB	7.9258875e-05
2,920	What Modern NVMe Storage Can Do, And How To Exploit It: High-Performance I/O for High-Performance Storage Engines	2023	VLDB	7.8540089e-05
3,232	TreeLine: An Update-In-Place Key-Value Store for Modern Storage	2023	VLDB	7.50343e-05
4,641	PLIN: A Persistent Learned Index for Non-Volatile Memory with High Performance and Instant Recovery	2023	VLDB	6.4899953e-05
4,758	SQLite: Past, Present, and Future	2022	VLDB	6.4318211e-05
5,018	Breaking Down Memory Walls: Adaptive Memory Management in LSM-based Storage Systems	2021	VLDB	6.3121723e-05
5,160	Are You Sure You Want to Use MMAP in Your Database Management System?	2022	CIDR	6.2482143e-05
5,906	HydraList: A Scalable In-Memory Index Using Asynchronous Updates and Partial Replication	2020	VLDB	5.9508926e-05
6,064	NBTree: a Lock-free PM-friendly Persistent B+-Tree for eADR-enabled PM Systems	2022	VLDB	5.8979998e-05
6,072	Halo: A Hybrid PMem-DRAM Persistent Hash Index with Fast Recovery	2022	SIGMOD	5.8954394e-05
6,822	PIM-tree: A Skew-resistant Index for Processing-in-Memory	2023	VLDB	5.6717534e-05
6,989	FASTER: An Embedded Concurrent Key-Value Store for State Management	2018	VLDB	5.6274028e-05
7,325	BP-tree: Overcoming the Point-Range Operation Tradeoff for In-Memory B-trees	2023	VLDB	5.5522404e-05
7,816	B^link-hash: An Adaptive Hybrid Index for In-Memory Time-Series Databases	2023	VLDB	5.4481832e-05
8,129	Two is Better Than One: The Case for 2-Tree for Skewed Data Sets	2023	CIDR	5.3938156e-05
8,241	Pea Hash: A Performant Extendible Adaptive Hashing Index	2023	SIGMOD	5.370431e-05
8,473	Towards Buffer Management with Tiered Main Memory	2024	SIGMOD	5.3345353e-05
8,994	Hamming Tree: The Case for Energy-Aware Indexing for NVMs	2023	SIGMOD	5.2417979e-05
10,070	WALTZ: Leveraging Zone Append to Tighten the Tail Latency of LSM Tree on ZNS SSD	2023	VLDB	5.0861932e-05

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