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bLSM: A General Purpose Log Structured Merge Tree

Summary: Introduces bLSM, an LSM-tree blending log-structured and B-tree reads for near-optimal reads and high write performance. Spring-and-gear merge scheduler bounds latency with steady progress; Bloom filters curb lookups and reads stop after first version. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h65d9932ca1ea46ca
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2012
Pagerank
0.00022862412
Overall Rank
261 | 98.26%
DOI
10.1145/2213836.2213862

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{sears_sigmod12,
        title = {{bLSM: A General Purpose Log Structured Merge Tree}},
        author = {Sears, Russell and Ramakrishnan, Raghu},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '12},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/2213836.2213862},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2213836.2213862},
        year = {2012}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 65 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
402 Monkey: Optimal Navigable Key-Value Store 2017 SIGMOD 0.00019070605
438 Optimizing Space Amplification in RocksDB 2017 CIDR 0.00018259155
761 Dostoevsky: Better Space-Time Trade-Offs for LSM-Tree Based Key-Value Stores via Adaptive Removal of Superfluous Merging 2018 SIGMOD 0.00014191047
814 SlimDB: A Space-Efficient Key-Value Storage Engine For Semi-Sorted Data 2017 VLDB 0.00013697533
892 SuRF: Practical Range Query Filtering with Fast Succinct Tries 2018 SIGMOD 0.00013207671
1,324 X-Engine: An Optimized Storage Engine for Large-scale E-commerce Transaction Processing 2019 SIGMOD 0.00011019001
1,402 LLAMA: A Cache/Storage Subsystem for Modern Hardware 2013 VLDB 0.00010754882
1,429 The Log-Structured Merge-Bush & the Wacky Continuum 2019 SIGMOD 0.00010685393
1,509 Cloud-Native Database Systems at Alibaba: Opportunities and Challenges 2019 VLDB 0.00010415166
1,572 Compaction management in distributed key-value datastores 2015 VLDB 0.00010174039
1,772 PaxosStore: High-availability Storage Made Practical in WeChat 2017 VLDB 9.6760688e-05
1,856 Morton Filters: Faster, Space-Efficient Cuckoo Filters via Biasing, Compression, and Decoupled Logical Sparsity 2018 VLDB 9.4802321e-05
1,882 Storage Management in AsterixDB 2014 VLDB 9.4243119e-05
1,900 Design Continuums and the Path Toward Self-Designing Key-Value Stores that Know and Learn 2019 CIDR 9.3926585e-05
1,991 Chucky: A Succinct Cuckoo Filter for LSM-Tree 2021 SIGMOD 9.2264312e-05
2,667 Rosetta: A Robust Space-Time Optimized Range Filter for Key-Value Stores 2020 SIGMOD 8.1324472e-05
2,775 LogBase: A Scalable Log-structured Database System in the Cloud 2012 VLDB 8.0140752e-05
2,780 Constructing and Analyzing the LSM Compaction Design Space 2021 VLDB 8.0073289e-05
2,796 Lethe: A Tunable Delete-Aware LSM Engine 2020 SIGMOD 7.9849253e-05
2,850 Optimizing Optimistic Concurrency Control for Tree-Structured, Log-Structured Databases 2015 SIGMOD 7.9214453e-05
2,882 Spooky: Granulating LSM-Tree Compactions Correctly 2022 VLDB 7.894356e-05
3,012 Accordion: Better Memory Organization for LSM Key-Value Stores 2018 VLDB 7.7414696e-05
3,351 LittleTable: A Time-Series Database and Its Uses 2017 SIGMOD 7.3729208e-05
3,532 Key-Value Storage Engines 2020 SIGMOD 7.2054521e-05
3,650 Nova-LSM: A Distributed, Component-based LSM-tree Key-value Store 2021 SIGMOD 7.1170026e-05
3,679 Leaper: A Learned Prefetcher for Cache Invalidation in LSM-tree based Storage Engines 2020 VLDB 7.0849238e-05
3,864 Making Updates Disk-I/O Friendly Using SSDs 2013 VLDB 6.9461754e-05
4,141 On Performance Stability in LSM-based Storage Systems 2020 VLDB 6.7690985e-05
4,897 Design Tradeoffs of Data Access Methods 2016 SIGMOD 6.3489205e-05
4,901 Oasis: An Optimal Disjoint Segmented Learned Range Filter 2024 VLDB 6.3483238e-05
5,046 Breaking Down Memory Walls: Adaptive Memory Management in LSM-based Storage Systems 2021 VLDB 6.2884087e-05
5,065 Dissecting, Designing, and Optimizing LSM-based Data Stores 2022 SIGMOD 6.2789973e-05
5,082 InfiniFilter: Expanding Filters to Infinity and Beyond 2023 SIGMOD 6.2679091e-05
5,509 Plush: A Write-Optimized Persistent Log-Structured Hash-Table 2022 VLDB 6.0872396e-05
5,784 Walnut: A Unified Cloud Object Store 2012 SIGMOD 5.9773452e-05
6,137 Learning to Optimize LSM-trees: Towards A Reinforcement Learning based Key-Value Store for Dynamic Workloads 2023 SIGMOD 5.8576977e-05
6,205 Prefix Filter: Practically and Theoretically Better Than Bloom 2022 VLDB 5.8336044e-05
6,255 Toward a Better Understanding and Evaluation of Tree Structures on Flash SSDs 2021 VLDB 5.8165041e-05
6,466 Just-In-Time Data Structures 2015 CIDR 5.7588551e-05
6,507 FineLine: Log-structured Transactional Storage and Recovery 2018 VLDB 5.7453056e-05
6,602 ArkDB: A Key-Value Engine for Scalable Cloud Storage Services 2021 SIGMOD 5.7207472e-05
7,374 TimeUnion: An Efficient Architecture with Unified Data Model for Timeseries Management Systems on Hybrid Cloud Storage 2022 SIGMOD 5.5244998e-05
7,609 Efficient Data Ingestion and Query Processing for LSM-Based Storage Systems 2019 VLDB 5.46888e-05
7,925 CAMAL: Optimizing LSM-trees via Active Learning 2024 SIGMOD 5.4086685e-05
7,993 Concurrent Log-Structured Memory for Many-Core Key-Value Stores 2018 VLDB 5.3946213e-05
8,245 ArceKV: Towards Workload-driven LSM-compactions for Key-Value Store Under Dynamic Workloads 2026 VLDB 5.3556365e-05
8,342 How to Grow an LSM-tree? Towards Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice 2025 SIGMOD 5.3345258e-05
8,438 Lightweight Indexing of Observational Data in Log-Structured Storage 2014 VLDB 5.3148584e-05
8,555 SA-LSM: Optimize Data Layout for LSM-tree Based Storage using Survival Analysis 2022 VLDB 5.3021893e-05
8,604 Conditional Cuckoo Filters 2021 SIGMOD 5.2899825e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 9 of 9 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
47 PNUTS: Yahoo!'s Hosted Data Serving Platform 2008 VLDB 0.00043937456
515 Tree Indexing on Solid State Drives 2010 VLDB 0.00016989841
791 Don't Thrash: How to Cache Your Hash on Flash 2012 VLDB 0.00013927839
818 Design, Implementation, and Performance of the LHAM Log-Structured History Data Access Method 1998 VLDB 0.00013657405
1,077 Cache-Oblivious String B-trees 2006 PODS 0.00012122621
1,308 Apache Hadoop Goes Realtime at Facebook 2011 SIGMOD 0.0001107127
2,905 Rose: Compressed, log-structured replication 2008 VLDB 7.871271e-05
5,325 Segment-Based Recovery: Write-ahead logging revisited 2009 VLDB 6.1643901e-05
5,784 Walnut: A Unified Cloud Object Store 2012 SIGMOD 5.9773452e-05
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