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bLSM: A General Purpose Log Structured Merge Tree

Summary: Introduces bLSM, an LSM-tree blending log-structured and B-tree reads for near-optimal reads and high write performance. Spring-and-gear merge scheduler bounds latency with steady progress; Bloom filters curb lookups and reads stop after first version. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h65d9932ca1ea46ca
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2012
Pagerank
0.00022939599
Overall Rank
258 | 98.27%
DOI
10.1145/2213836.2213862

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{sears_sigmod12,
        title = {{bLSM: A General Purpose Log Structured Merge Tree}},
        author = {Sears, Russell and Ramakrishnan, Raghu},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '12},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/2213836.2213862},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2213836.2213862},
        year = {2012}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 65 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
400 Monkey: Optimal Navigable Key-Value Store 2017 SIGMOD 0.00019129175
436 Optimizing Space Amplification in RocksDB 2017 CIDR 0.00018319035
754 Dostoevsky: Better Space-Time Trade-Offs for LSM-Tree Based Key-Value Stores via Adaptive Removal of Superfluous Merging 2018 SIGMOD 0.00014236015
816 SlimDB: A Space-Efficient Key-Value Storage Engine For Semi-Sorted Data 2017 VLDB 0.00013687311
891 SuRF: Practical Range Query Filtering with Fast Succinct Tries 2018 SIGMOD 0.00013245926
1,313 X-Engine: An Optimized Storage Engine for Large-scale E-commerce Transaction Processing 2019 SIGMOD 0.00011060108
1,399 LLAMA: A Cache/Storage Subsystem for Modern Hardware 2013 VLDB 0.00010781976
1,422 The Log-Structured Merge-Bush & the Wacky Continuum 2019 SIGMOD 0.00010725538
1,513 Cloud-Native Database Systems at Alibaba: Opportunities and Challenges 2019 VLDB 0.00010429438
1,569 Compaction management in distributed key-value datastores 2015 VLDB 0.00010211433
1,758 PaxosStore: High-availability Storage Made Practical in WeChat 2017 VLDB 9.7113785e-05
1,844 Morton Filters: Faster, Space-Efficient Cuckoo Filters via Biasing, Compression, and Decoupled Logical Sparsity 2018 VLDB 9.5159229e-05
1,875 Storage Management in AsterixDB 2014 VLDB 9.4576907e-05
1,889 Design Continuums and the Path Toward Self-Designing Key-Value Stores that Know and Learn 2019 CIDR 9.4273689e-05
1,980 Chucky: A Succinct Cuckoo Filter for LSM-Tree 2021 SIGMOD 9.2595896e-05
2,664 Rosetta: A Robust Space-Time Optimized Range Filter for Key-Value Stores 2020 SIGMOD 8.1569551e-05
2,766 LogBase: A Scalable Log-structured Database System in the Cloud 2012 VLDB 8.0432817e-05
2,770 Constructing and Analyzing the LSM Compaction Design Space 2021 VLDB 8.037607e-05
2,788 Lethe: A Tunable Delete-Aware LSM Engine 2020 SIGMOD 8.0133966e-05
2,841 Optimizing Optimistic Concurrency Control for Tree-Structured, Log-Structured Databases 2015 SIGMOD 7.9503824e-05
2,868 Spooky: Granulating LSM-Tree Compactions Correctly 2022 VLDB 7.9241972e-05
2,995 Accordion: Better Memory Organization for LSM Key-Value Stores 2018 VLDB 7.7705434e-05
3,344 LittleTable: A Time-Series Database and Its Uses 2017 SIGMOD 7.4000362e-05
3,525 Key-Value Storage Engines 2020 SIGMOD 7.2327042e-05
3,641 Nova-LSM: A Distributed, Component-based LSM-tree Key-value Store 2021 SIGMOD 7.1439198e-05
3,671 Leaper: A Learned Prefetcher for Cache Invalidation in LSM-tree based Storage Engines 2020 VLDB 7.1100217e-05
3,855 Making Updates Disk-I/O Friendly Using SSDs 2013 VLDB 6.9694249e-05
4,121 On Performance Stability in LSM-based Storage Systems 2020 VLDB 6.7946812e-05
4,875 Oasis: An Optimal Disjoint Segmented Learned Range Filter 2024 VLDB 6.3724016e-05
4,885 Design Tradeoffs of Data Access Methods 2016 SIGMOD 6.3706825e-05
5,018 Breaking Down Memory Walls: Adaptive Memory Management in LSM-based Storage Systems 2021 VLDB 6.3121723e-05
5,046 Dissecting, Designing, and Optimizing LSM-based Data Stores 2022 SIGMOD 6.3000825e-05
5,081 InfiniFilter: Expanding Filters to Infinity and Beyond 2023 SIGMOD 6.2854372e-05
5,483 Plush: A Write-Optimized Persistent Log-Structured Hash-Table 2022 VLDB 6.1103271e-05
5,782 Walnut: A Unified Cloud Object Store 2012 SIGMOD 5.9969438e-05
6,124 Learning to Optimize LSM-trees: Towards A Reinforcement Learning based Key-Value Store for Dynamic Workloads 2023 SIGMOD 5.8788211e-05
6,192 Prefix Filter: Practically and Theoretically Better Than Bloom 2022 VLDB 5.8555676e-05
6,238 Toward a Better Understanding and Evaluation of Tree Structures on Flash SSDs 2021 VLDB 5.8385618e-05
6,452 Just-In-Time Data Structures 2015 CIDR 5.7804153e-05
6,494 FineLine: Log-structured Transactional Storage and Recovery 2018 VLDB 5.7659228e-05
6,591 ArkDB: A Key-Value Engine for Scalable Cloud Storage Services 2021 SIGMOD 5.7424422e-05
7,349 TimeUnion: An Efficient Architecture with Unified Data Model for Timeseries Management Systems on Hybrid Cloud Storage 2022 SIGMOD 5.545453e-05
7,594 Efficient Data Ingestion and Query Processing for LSM-Based Storage Systems 2019 VLDB 5.4879453e-05
7,905 CAMAL: Optimizing LSM-trees via Active Learning 2024 SIGMOD 5.4291824e-05
7,974 Concurrent Log-Structured Memory for Many-Core Key-Value Stores 2018 VLDB 5.41489e-05
8,221 ArceKV: Towards Workload-driven LSM-compactions for Key-Value Store Under Dynamic Workloads 2026 VLDB 5.3759492e-05
8,329 How to Grow an LSM-tree? Towards Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice 2025 SIGMOD 5.3536854e-05
8,472 Lightweight Indexing of Observational Data in Log-Structured Storage 2014 VLDB 5.3349102e-05
8,530 SA-LSM: Optimize Data Layout for LSM-tree Based Storage using Survival Analysis 2022 VLDB 5.3222993e-05
8,580 Conditional Cuckoo Filters 2021 SIGMOD 5.3100462e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 9 of 9 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
47 PNUTS: Yahoo!'s Hosted Data Serving Platform 2008 VLDB 0.00044066403
513 Tree Indexing on Solid State Drives 2010 VLDB 0.00017044842
789 Don't Thrash: How to Cache Your Hash on Flash 2012 VLDB 0.0001397781
815 Design, Implementation, and Performance of the LHAM Log-Structured History Data Access Method 1998 VLDB 0.00013689839
1,074 Cache-Oblivious String B-trees 2006 PODS 0.00012162592
1,302 Apache Hadoop Goes Realtime at Facebook 2011 SIGMOD 0.00011111126
2,894 Rose: Compressed, log-structured replication 2008 VLDB 7.9005767e-05
5,303 Segment-Based Recovery: Write-ahead logging revisited 2009 VLDB 6.1876809e-05
5,782 Walnut: A Unified Cloud Object Store 2012 SIGMOD 5.9969438e-05
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