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bLSM: A General Purpose Log Structured Merge Tree

Summary: Introduces bLSM, an LSM-tree blending log-structured and B-tree reads for near-optimal reads and high write performance. Spring-and-gear merge scheduler bounds latency with steady progress; Bloom filters curb lookups and reads stop after first version. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h65d9932ca1ea46ca
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2012
Pagerank
0.00022932099
Overall Rank
258 | 98.27%
DOI
10.1145/2213836.2213862

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{sears_sigmod12,
        title = {{bLSM: A General Purpose Log Structured Merge Tree}},
        author = {Sears, Russell and Ramakrishnan, Raghu},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '12},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/2213836.2213862},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2213836.2213862},
        year = {2012}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 65 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
400 Monkey: Optimal Navigable Key-Value Store 2017 SIGMOD 0.00019124757
436 Optimizing Space Amplification in RocksDB 2017 CIDR 0.00018312911
753 Dostoevsky: Better Space-Time Trade-Offs for LSM-Tree Based Key-Value Stores via Adaptive Removal of Superfluous Merging 2018 SIGMOD 0.00014232329
817 SlimDB: A Space-Efficient Key-Value Storage Engine For Semi-Sorted Data 2017 VLDB 0.00013685662
889 SuRF: Practical Range Query Filtering with Fast Succinct Tries 2018 SIGMOD 0.00013243846
1,313 X-Engine: An Optimized Storage Engine for Large-scale E-commerce Transaction Processing 2019 SIGMOD 0.00011055196
1,398 LLAMA: A Cache/Storage Subsystem for Modern Hardware 2013 VLDB 0.00010778761
1,422 The Log-Structured Merge-Bush & the Wacky Continuum 2019 SIGMOD 0.00010720711
1,512 Cloud-Native Database Systems at Alibaba: Opportunities and Challenges 2019 VLDB 0.00010425349
1,569 Compaction management in distributed key-value datastores 2015 VLDB 0.00010207173
1,760 PaxosStore: High-availability Storage Made Practical in WeChat 2017 VLDB 9.7069418e-05
1,846 Morton Filters: Faster, Space-Efficient Cuckoo Filters via Biasing, Compression, and Decoupled Logical Sparsity 2018 VLDB 9.511501e-05
1,874 Storage Management in AsterixDB 2014 VLDB 9.4550801e-05
1,891 Design Continuums and the Path Toward Self-Designing Key-Value Stores that Know and Learn 2019 CIDR 9.4233024e-05
1,982 Chucky: A Succinct Cuckoo Filter for LSM-Tree 2021 SIGMOD 9.2570284e-05
2,664 Rosetta: A Robust Space-Time Optimized Range Filter for Key-Value Stores 2020 SIGMOD 8.1532061e-05
2,766 LogBase: A Scalable Log-structured Database System in the Cloud 2012 VLDB 8.039771e-05
2,771 Constructing and Analyzing the LSM Compaction Design Space 2021 VLDB 8.0338932e-05
2,788 Lethe: A Tunable Delete-Aware LSM Engine 2020 SIGMOD 8.0114055e-05
2,842 Optimizing Optimistic Concurrency Control for Tree-Structured, Log-Structured Databases 2015 SIGMOD 7.9468719e-05
2,868 Spooky: Granulating LSM-Tree Compactions Correctly 2022 VLDB 7.9205462e-05
2,996 Accordion: Better Memory Organization for LSM Key-Value Stores 2018 VLDB 7.7670057e-05
3,344 LittleTable: A Time-Series Database and Its Uses 2017 SIGMOD 7.3968028e-05
3,525 Key-Value Storage Engines 2020 SIGMOD 7.2293566e-05
3,643 Nova-LSM: A Distributed, Component-based LSM-tree Key-value Store 2021 SIGMOD 7.1406131e-05
3,672 Leaper: A Learned Prefetcher for Cache Invalidation in LSM-tree based Storage Engines 2020 VLDB 7.1084283e-05
3,856 Making Updates Disk-I/O Friendly Using SSDs 2013 VLDB 6.9663383e-05
4,121 On Performance Stability in LSM-based Storage Systems 2020 VLDB 6.7915554e-05
4,875 Design Tradeoffs of Data Access Methods 2016 SIGMOD 6.3699172e-05
4,878 Oasis: An Optimal Disjoint Segmented Learned Range Filter 2024 VLDB 6.369385e-05
5,022 Breaking Down Memory Walls: Adaptive Memory Management in LSM-based Storage Systems 2021 VLDB 6.309271e-05
5,041 Dissecting, Designing, and Optimizing LSM-based Data Stores 2022 SIGMOD 6.2998284e-05
5,084 InfiniFilter: Expanding Filters to Infinity and Beyond 2023 SIGMOD 6.2824822e-05
5,488 Plush: A Write-Optimized Persistent Log-Structured Hash-Table 2022 VLDB 6.1074346e-05
5,783 Walnut: A Unified Cloud Object Store 2012 SIGMOD 5.9944093e-05
6,123 Learning to Optimize LSM-trees: Towards A Reinforcement Learning based Key-Value Store for Dynamic Workloads 2023 SIGMOD 5.8771312e-05
6,195 Prefix Filter: Practically and Theoretically Better Than Bloom 2022 VLDB 5.8528165e-05
6,242 Toward a Better Understanding and Evaluation of Tree Structures on Flash SSDs 2021 VLDB 5.8358009e-05
6,454 Just-In-Time Data Structures 2015 CIDR 5.7777861e-05
6,495 FineLine: Log-structured Transactional Storage and Recovery 2018 VLDB 5.7640595e-05
6,593 ArkDB: A Key-Value Engine for Scalable Cloud Storage Services 2021 SIGMOD 5.7397263e-05
7,352 TimeUnion: An Efficient Architecture with Unified Data Model for Timeseries Management Systems on Hybrid Cloud Storage 2022 SIGMOD 5.5428278e-05
7,593 Efficient Data Ingestion and Query Processing for LSM-Based Storage Systems 2019 VLDB 5.4870235e-05
7,909 CAMAL: Optimizing LSM-trees via Active Learning 2024 SIGMOD 5.4266123e-05
7,978 Concurrent Log-Structured Memory for Many-Core Key-Value Stores 2018 VLDB 5.412355e-05
8,228 ArceKV: Towards Workload-driven LSM-compactions for Key-Value Store Under Dynamic Workloads 2026 VLDB 5.3734043e-05
8,326 How to Grow an LSM-tree? Towards Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice 2025 SIGMOD 5.3522236e-05
8,422 Lightweight Indexing of Observational Data in Log-Structured Storage 2014 VLDB 5.3324909e-05
8,538 SA-LSM: Optimize Data Layout for LSM-tree Based Storage using Survival Analysis 2022 VLDB 5.3197798e-05
8,587 Conditional Cuckoo Filters 2021 SIGMOD 5.3075325e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 9 of 9 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
47 PNUTS: Yahoo!'s Hosted Data Serving Platform 2008 VLDB 0.00044047047
513 Tree Indexing on Solid State Drives 2010 VLDB 0.00017040424
789 Don't Thrash: How to Cache Your Hash on Flash 2012 VLDB 0.00013972179
816 Design, Implementation, and Performance of the LHAM Log-Structured History Data Access Method 1998 VLDB 0.00013686255
1,075 Cache-Oblivious String B-trees 2006 PODS 0.00012157749
1,302 Apache Hadoop Goes Realtime at Facebook 2011 SIGMOD 0.00011106173
2,894 Rose: Compressed, log-structured replication 2008 VLDB 7.8968405e-05
5,306 Segment-Based Recovery: Write-ahead logging revisited 2009 VLDB 6.1848351e-05
5,783 Walnut: A Unified Cloud Object Store 2012 SIGMOD 5.9944093e-05
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