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Zen: a High-Throughput Log-Free OLTP Engine for Non-Volatile Main Memory

Summary: Zen is a log-free OLTP engine designed for NVM-resident databases, addressing tuple-metadata updates, write redundancy, and space management via a metadata-aware cache, persistent transactions, and lightweight allocation. On Optane, it delivers up to 10.1× higher throughput with fast recovery. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
h3ba38f1e14272de3
Venue
VLDB
Year
2021
Pagerank
5.6236238e-05
Overall Rank
7,005 | 52.91%
DOI
10.14778/3446095.3446105

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{liu_vldb21,
        title = {{Zen: a High-Throughput Log-Free OLTP Engine for Non-Volatile Main Memory}},
        author = {Liu, Gang and Chen, Leying and Chen, Shimin},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '21},
        volume = {14},
        number = {5},
        pages = {835--848},
        doi = {10.14778/3446095.3446105},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3446095.3446105},
        year = {2021}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 5 of 5 citing papers.

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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 23 of 23 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
7 Implementation Techniques For Main Memory Database Systems 1984 SIGMOD 0.00081992507
35 Hekaton: SQL Server’s Memory-Optimized OLTP Engine 2013 SIGMOD 0.00048001919
70 The End of an Architectural Era (It’s Time for a Complete Rewrite) 2007 VLDB 0.00037859131
228 Fast Serializable Multi-Version Concurrency Control for Main-Memory Database Systems 2015 SIGMOD 0.00023920439
445 Staring into the Abyss: An Evaluation of Concurrency Control with One Thousand Cores 2015 VLDB 0.00018176701
502 FPTree: A Hybrid SCM-DRAM Persistent and Concurrent B-Tree for Storage Class Memory 2016 SIGMOD 0.00017250534
542 FOEDUS: OLTP Engine for a Thousand Cores and NVRAM 2015 SIGMOD 0.0001665543
614 Scalable Logging through Emerging Non-Volatile Memory 2014 VLDB 0.0001556755
631 Persistent B+-Trees in Non-Volatile Main Memory 2015 VLDB 0.0001541723
668 Rethinking Database Algorithms for Phase Change Memory 2011 CIDR 0.00014964806
786 Cicada: Dependably Fast Multi-Core In-Memory Transactions 2017 SIGMOD 0.00013988699
864 Let’s Talk About Storage & Recovery Methods for Non-Volatile Memory Database Systems 2015 SIGMOD 0.00013391824
964 BzTree: A High-Performance Latch-free Range Index for Non-Volatile Memory 2018 VLDB 0.00012810196
971 Reducing the Storage Overhead of Main-Memory OLTP Databases with Hybrid Indexes 2016 SIGMOD 0.00012766019
1,161 Mostly-Optimistic Concurrency Control for Highly Contended Dynamic Workloads on a Thousand Cores 2017 VLDB 0.00011768531
1,259 Fast Checkpoint Recovery Algorithms for Frequently Consistent Applications 2011 SIGMOD 0.00011297239
1,282 Managing Non-Volatile Memory in Database Systems 2018 SIGMOD 0.00011210073
1,334 TicToc: Time Traveling Optimistic Concurrency Control 2016 SIGMOD 0.00010995094
1,437 Write-Behind Logging 2017 VLDB 0.0001065408
1,854 LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory 2020 VLDB 9.4991601e-05
2,145 A Recovery Algorithm for A High-Performance Memory-Resident Database System 1987 SIGMOD 8.9603529e-05
2,378 Low-Overhead Asynchronous Checkpointing in Main-Memory Database Systems 2016 SIGMOD 8.5493291e-05
2,379 NVRAM-aware Logging in Transaction Systems 2015 VLDB 8.5478851e-05
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