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The Lernaean Hydra of Data Series Similarity Search: An Experimental Evaluation of the State of the Art

Summary: Formalizes the Lernaean Hydra of data-series similarity search by defining the flavors and presenting the first systematic, empirical evaluation of state-of-the-art methods. Shows strengths/weaknesses, clarifies terminology, and guides method selection plus standardization directions. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
hfa7e053dd3c864ae
Venue
VLDB
Year
2019
Pagerank
7.9228762e-05
Overall Rank
2,872 | 80.70%
DOI
10.14778/3282495.3282498

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{echihabi_vldb19,
        title = {{The Lernaean Hydra of Data Series Similarity Search: An Experimental Evaluation of the State of the Art}},
        author = {Echihabi, Karima and Zoumpatianos, Kostas and Palpanas, Themis and Benbrahim, Houda},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '19},
        volume = {12},
        number = {2},
        pages = {112--117},
        doi = {10.14778/3282495.3282498},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3282495.3282498},
        year = {2019}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 32 of 32 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
804 RaBitQ: Quantizing High-Dimensional Vectors with a Theoretical Error Bound for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 0.00013832333
2,265 ELPIS: Graph-Based Similarity Search for Scalable Data Science 2023 VLDB 8.7238222e-05
2,375 Series2Graph: Graph-based Subsequence Anomaly Detection for Time Series 2020 VLDB 8.555841e-05
2,448 DeltaPQ: Lossless Product Quantization Code Compression for High Dimensional Similarity Search 2020 VLDB 8.4494625e-05
2,730 Return of the Lernaean Hydra: Experimental Evaluation of Data Series Approximate Similarity Search 2020 VLDB 8.0861221e-05
2,821 Practical and Asymptotically Optimal Quantization of High-Dimensional Vectors in Euclidean Space for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 7.9711961e-05
2,871 Graph-Based Vector Search: An Experimental Evaluation of the State-of-the-Art 2025 SIGMOD 7.9229231e-05
4,304 Data Series Progressive Similarity Search with Probabilistic Quality Guarantees 2020 SIGMOD 6.6771697e-05
4,598 Steiner-Hardness: A Query Hardness Measure for Graph-Based ANN Indexes 2024 VLDB 6.5086378e-05
4,703 Debunking Four Long-Standing Misconceptions of Time-Series Distance Measures 2020 SIGMOD 6.4621968e-05
5,313 Hercules Against Data Series Similarity Search 2022 VLDB 6.1846986e-05
6,181 High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search: From Time Series to Deep Network Embeddings 2020 SIGMOD 5.8595125e-05
6,609 Dumpy: A Compact and Adaptive Index for Large Data Series Collections 2023 SIGMOD 5.7354155e-05
7,040 Coconut Palm: Static and Streaming Data Series Exploration Now in your Palm 2019 SIGMOD 5.6146574e-05
7,305 RWalks: Random Walks as Attribute Diffusers for Filtered Vector Search 2025 SIGMOD 5.5586007e-05
7,395 LiteHST: A Tree Embedding based Method for Similarity Search 2023 SIGMOD 5.5370691e-05
7,641 A Structured Study of Multivariate Time-Series Distance Measures 2025 SIGMOD 5.4772833e-05
8,849 VStream: A Distributed Streaming Vector Search System 2025 VLDB 5.2646236e-05
8,875 The Inherent Time Complexity and An Efficient Algorithm for Subsequence Matching Problem 2022 VLDB 5.2577831e-05
9,440 Odyssey: A Journey in the Land of Distributed Data Series Similarity Search 2023 VLDB 5.1771634e-05
9,563 LeaFi: Data Series Indexes on Steroids with Learned Filters 2025 SIGMOD 5.1571823e-05
9,660 dCAM: Dimension-wise Class Activation Map for Explaining Multivariate Data Series Classification 2022 SIGMOD 5.1453267e-05
9,909 SPARTAN: Data-Adaptive Symbolic Time-Series Approximation 2025 SIGMOD 5.1103839e-05
9,910 Cardinality Estimation for Similarity Search on High-Dimensional Data Objects: The Impact of Reference Objects 2025 VLDB 5.1103839e-05
10,121 DIDS: Double Indices and Double Summarizations for Fast Similarity Search 2024 VLDB 5.0771316e-05
10,509 TaCo: Data-adaptive and Query-aware Subspace Collision for High-dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,823 Revisiting Filtered ANN Benchmarks: A Hardness-Controlled Benchmark Generator for Realistic Evaluation 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,075 MS-Index: Fast Top-k Subsequence Search for Multivariate Time Series under Euclidean Distance 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,457 Representative Time Series Discovery for Data Exploration 2025 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,634 DeepSketch: A Query Sketching Interface for Deep Time Series Similarity Search 2024 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,730 Correlation Joins over Time Series Data Streams Utilizing Complementary Dimension Reduction and Transformation 2023 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
11,749 Accelerating Similarity Search for Elastic Measures: A Study and New Generalization of Lower Bounding Distances 2023 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 16 of 16 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2 R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure For Spatial Searching 1984 SIGMOD 0.001992968
4 The R*-tree: An Efficient and Robust Access Method for Points and Rectangles 1990 SIGMOD 0.0011405675
20 Similarity Search in High Dimensions via Hashing 1999 VLDB 0.00057568153
42 Fast Subsequence Matching in Time-Series Databases 1994 SIGMOD 0.00045773967
45 A Quantitative Analysis and Performance Study for Similarity-Search Methods in High-Dimensional Spaces 1998 VLDB 0.0004503446
56 M-tree: An Efficient Access Method for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces 1997 VLDB 0.00040370171
193 Locally Adaptive Dimensionality Reduction for Indexing Large Time Series Databases 2001 SIGMOD 0.00025648171
562 SRS: Solving c-Approximate Nearest Neighbor Queries in High Dimensional Euclidean Space with a Tiny Index 2015 VLDB 0.00016335405
597 Distance-Based Indexing For High-Dimensional Metric Spaces 1997 SIGMOD 0.00015766567
829 Similarity-Based Queries for Time Series Data 1997 SIGMOD 0.00013611445
915 Querying and Mining of Time Series Data: Experimental Comparison of Representations and Distance Measures 2008 VLDB 0.00013099703
1,095 A Data-adaptive and Dynamic Segmentation Index for Whole Matching on Time Series 2013 VLDB 0.00012050625
3,513 Scalable, Variable-Length Similarity Search in Data Series: The ULISSE Approach 2018 VLDB 7.2438813e-05
4,601 Matrix Profile X: VALMOD - Scalable Discovery of Variable-Length Motifs in Data Series 2018 SIGMOD 6.5076083e-05
5,275 Top-k Nearest Neighbor Search In Uncertain Data Series 2015 VLDB 6.2005202e-05
7,754 Uncertain Time-Series Similarity: Return to the Basics 2012 VLDB 5.4592892e-05
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# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
1 6,610 Similarity Search: A Matching Based Approach 2006 VLDB
2 6,181 High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search: From Time Series to Deep Network Embeddings 2020 SIGMOD
3 915 Querying and Mining of Time Series Data: Experimental Comparison of Representations and Distance Measures 2008 VLDB
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6 6,890 On Efficiently Searching Trajectories and Archival Data for Historical Similarities 2008 VLDB
7 4,304 Data Series Progressive Similarity Search with Probabilistic Quality Guarantees 2020 SIGMOD
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9 5,313 Hercules Against Data Series Similarity Search 2022 VLDB
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