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The Lernaean Hydra of Data Series Similarity Search: An Experimental Evaluation of the State of the Art

Summary: Formalizes the Lernaean Hydra of data-series similarity search by defining the flavors and presenting the first systematic, empirical evaluation of state-of-the-art methods. Shows strengths/weaknesses, clarifies terminology, and guides method selection plus standardization directions. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
hfa7e053dd3c864ae
Venue
VLDB
Year
2019
Pagerank
7.919641e-05
Overall Rank
2,870 | 80.72%
DOI
10.14778/3282495.3282498
PDF
Download (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{echihabi_vldb19,
        title = {{The Lernaean Hydra of Data Series Similarity Search: An Experimental Evaluation of the State of the Art}},
        author = {Echihabi, Karima and Zoumpatianos, Kostas and Palpanas, Themis and Benbrahim, Houda},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '19},
        volume = {12},
        number = {2},
        pages = {112--117},
        doi = {10.14778/3282495.3282498},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3282495.3282498},
        year = {2019}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 32 of 32 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
803 RaBitQ: Quantizing High-Dimensional Vectors with a Theoretical Error Bound for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 0.00013838349
2,264 ELPIS: Graph-Based Similarity Search for Scalable Data Science 2023 VLDB 8.7286407e-05
2,376 Series2Graph: Graph-based Subsequence Anomaly Detection for Time Series 2020 VLDB 8.5517908e-05
2,444 DeltaPQ: Lossless Product Quantization Code Compression for High Dimensional Similarity Search 2020 VLDB 8.4556406e-05
2,730 Return of the Lernaean Hydra: Experimental Evaluation of Data Series Approximate Similarity Search 2020 VLDB 8.0842027e-05
2,821 Practical and Asymptotically Optimal Quantization of High-Dimensional Vectors in Euclidean Space for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 7.9674226e-05
2,872 Graph-Based Vector Search: An Experimental Evaluation of the State-of-the-Art 2025 SIGMOD 7.9191725e-05
4,305 Data Series Progressive Similarity Search with Probabilistic Quality Guarantees 2020 SIGMOD 6.6740088e-05
4,600 Steiner-Hardness: A Query Hardness Measure for Graph-Based ANN Indexes 2024 VLDB 6.5055567e-05
4,705 Debunking Four Long-Standing Misconceptions of Time-Series Distance Measures 2020 SIGMOD 6.4591377e-05
5,318 Hercules Against Data Series Similarity Search 2022 VLDB 6.1818367e-05
6,184 High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search: From Time Series to Deep Network Embeddings 2020 SIGMOD 5.8567387e-05
6,612 Dumpy: A Compact and Adaptive Index for Large Data Series Collections 2023 SIGMOD 5.732933e-05
7,041 Coconut Palm: Static and Streaming Data Series Exploration Now in your Palm 2019 SIGMOD 5.6120015e-05
7,308 RWalks: Random Walks as Attribute Diffusers for Filtered Vector Search 2025 SIGMOD 5.5559693e-05
7,397 LiteHST: A Tree Embedding based Method for Similarity Search 2023 SIGMOD 5.5344479e-05
7,647 A Structured Study of Multivariate Time-Series Distance Measures 2025 SIGMOD 5.4746904e-05
8,859 VStream: A Distributed Streaming Vector Search System 2025 VLDB 5.2621314e-05
8,884 The Inherent Time Complexity and An Efficient Algorithm for Subsequence Matching Problem 2022 VLDB 5.2552942e-05
9,449 Odyssey: A Journey in the Land of Distributed Data Series Similarity Search 2023 VLDB 5.1747125e-05
9,571 LeaFi: Data Series Indexes on Steroids with Learned Filters 2025 SIGMOD 5.154741e-05
9,667 dCAM: Dimension-wise Class Activation Map for Explaining Multivariate Data Series Classification 2022 SIGMOD 5.142891e-05
9,916 SPARTAN: Data-Adaptive Symbolic Time-Series Approximation 2025 SIGMOD 5.1079647e-05
9,917 Cardinality Estimation for Similarity Search on High-Dimensional Data Objects: The Impact of Reference Objects 2025 VLDB 5.1079647e-05
10,125 DIDS: Double Indices and Double Summarizations for Fast Similarity Search 2024 VLDB 5.0747281e-05
10,520 TaCo: Data-adaptive and Query-aware Subspace Collision for High-dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,833 Revisiting Filtered ANN Benchmarks: A Hardness-Controlled Benchmark Generator for Realistic Evaluation 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
11,084 MS-Index: Fast Top-k Subsequence Search for Multivariate Time Series under Euclidean Distance 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
11,463 Representative Time Series Discovery for Data Exploration 2025 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
11,640 DeepSketch: A Query Sketching Interface for Deep Time Series Similarity Search 2024 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
11,736 Correlation Joins over Time Series Data Streams Utilizing Complementary Dimension Reduction and Transformation 2023 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
11,755 Accelerating Similarity Search for Elastic Measures: A Study and New Generalization of Lower Bounding Distances 2023 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 16 of 16 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2 R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure For Spatial Searching 1984 SIGMOD 0.0019923528
4 The R*-tree: An Efficient and Robust Access Method for Points and Rectangles 1990 SIGMOD 0.0011402175
20 Similarity Search in High Dimensions via Hashing 1999 VLDB 0.0005758001
42 Fast Subsequence Matching in Time-Series Databases 1994 SIGMOD 0.00045755116
45 A Quantitative Analysis and Performance Study for Similarity-Search Methods in High-Dimensional Spaces 1998 VLDB 0.00045027197
56 M-tree: An Efficient Access Method for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces 1997 VLDB 0.00040363819
194 Locally Adaptive Dimensionality Reduction for Indexing Large Time Series Databases 2001 SIGMOD 0.00025637823
562 SRS: Solving c-Approximate Nearest Neighbor Queries in High Dimensional Euclidean Space with a Tiny Index 2015 VLDB 0.00016350316
597 Distance-Based Indexing For High-Dimensional Metric Spaces 1997 SIGMOD 0.00015759877
829 Similarity-Based Queries for Time Series Data 1997 SIGMOD 0.0001360545
916 Querying and Mining of Time Series Data: Experimental Comparison of Representations and Distance Measures 2008 VLDB 0.00013093656
1,094 A Data-adaptive and Dynamic Segmentation Index for Whole Matching on Time Series 2013 VLDB 0.00012053453
3,513 Scalable, Variable-Length Similarity Search in Data Series: The ULISSE Approach 2018 VLDB 7.2404521e-05
4,603 Matrix Profile X: VALMOD - Scalable Discovery of Variable-Length Motifs in Data Series 2018 SIGMOD 6.5045277e-05
5,260 Top-k Nearest Neighbor Search In Uncertain Data Series 2015 VLDB 6.2041665e-05
7,760 Uncertain Time-Series Similarity: Return to the Basics 2012 VLDB 5.4567049e-05
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# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
1 6,614 Similarity Search: A Matching Based Approach 2006 VLDB
2 6,184 High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search: From Time Series to Deep Network Embeddings 2020 SIGMOD
3 916 Querying and Mining of Time Series Data: Experimental Comparison of Representations and Distance Measures 2008 VLDB
4 829 Similarity-Based Queries for Time Series Data 1997 SIGMOD
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8 3,513 Scalable, Variable-Length Similarity Search in Data Series: The ULISSE Approach 2018 VLDB
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