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LISA: A Learned Index Structure for Spatial Data

Summary: LISA applies learned indexing to spatial data: map 2D points to 1D keys, predict shards, and organize pages with local models. Lattice regression converts KNN to range queries and supports updates; experiments show storage and IO gains vs R-tree. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h3645ee7872c7b914
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2020
Pagerank
0.00010607118
Overall Rank
1,445 | 90.32%
DOI
10.1145/3318464.3389703

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{li_sigmod20,
        title = {{LISA: A Learned Index Structure for Spatial Data}},
        author = {Li, Pengfei and Lu, Hua and Zheng, Qian and Yang, Long and Pan, Gang},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '20},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3318464.3389703},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3318464.3389703},
        year = {2020}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 42 of 42 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1,190 Tsunami: A Learned Multi-dimensional Index for Correlated Data and Skewed Workloads 2021 VLDB 0.00011564169
1,884 Effectively Learning Spatial Indices 2020 VLDB 9.422145e-05
2,254 FINEdex: A Fine-grained Learned Index Scheme for Scalable and Concurrent Memory Systems 2022 VLDB 8.7429699e-05
2,590 Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready? 2022 VLDB 8.2368464e-05
2,772 Instance-Optimized Data Layouts for Cloud Analytics Workloads 2021 SIGMOD 8.0148928e-05
2,870 APEX: A High-Performance Learned Index on Persistent Memory 2022 VLDB 7.9033232e-05
3,632 Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation 2023 VLDB 7.1274345e-05
3,716 CARMI: A Cache-Aware Learned Index with a Cost-based Construction Algorithm 2022 VLDB 7.0541948e-05
4,385 NFL: Robust Learned Index via Distribution Transformation 2022 VLDB 6.613814e-05
4,389 DILI: A Distribution-Driven Learned Index 2023 VLDB 6.6111249e-05
4,797 LSched: A Workload-Aware Learned Query Scheduler for Analytical Database Systems 2022 SIGMOD 6.3978116e-05
4,879 The RLR-Tree: A Reinforcement Learning Based R-Tree for Spatial Data 2023 SIGMOD 6.3567479e-05
4,915 Can Learned Models Replace Hash Functions? 2023 VLDB 6.3452789e-05
5,397 Updatable Learned Indexes Meet Disk-Resident DBMS - From Evaluations to Design Choices 2023 SIGMOD 6.1347527e-05
5,421 FILM: a Fully Learned Index for Larger-than-Memory Databases 2023 VLDB 6.1231965e-05
6,604 LMSFC: A Novel Multidimensional Index based on Learned Monotonic Space Filling Curves 2023 VLDB 5.7196547e-05
6,622 Making In-Memory Learned Indexes Efficient on Disk 2024 SIGMOD 5.7136886e-05
6,730 Replicated Layout for In-Memory Database Systems 2022 VLDB 5.6801409e-05
6,802 SALI: A Scalable Adaptive Learned Index Framework based on Probability Models 2023 SIGMOD 5.6623052e-05
6,889 Accelerating String-key Learned Index Structures via Memoization-based Incremental Training 2024 VLDB 5.6393954e-05
8,219 WISK: A Workload-aware Learned Index for Spatial Keyword Queries 2023 SIGMOD 5.359172e-05
8,297 Consistent and Flexible Selectivity Estimation for High-Dimensional Data 2021 SIGMOD 5.3438874e-05
8,391 Waffle: A Workload-Aware and Query-Sensitive Framework for Disk-Based Spatial Indexing 2023 VLDB 5.3248747e-05
8,558 AirIndex: Versatile Index Tuning Through Data and Storage 2023 SIGMOD 5.3016395e-05
8,908 Spatial Query Optimization With Learning 2024 VLDB 5.2369727e-05
9,513 PriPL-Tree: Accurate Range Query for Arbitrary Distribution under Local Differential Privacy 2024 VLDB 5.151324e-05
9,627 Can Learned Indexes be Built Efficiently? A Deep Dive into Sampling Trade-offs 2024 SIGMOD 5.1369088e-05
9,778 LES3: Learning-based Exact Set Similarity Search 2021 VLDB 5.115551e-05
9,961 Waffle: In-memory Grid Index for Moving Objects with Reinforcement Learning-based Configuration Tuning System 2022 VLDB 5.0910746e-05
10,017 The Image Calculator: 10x Faster Image-AI Inference by Replacing JPEG with Self-designing Storage Format 2024 SIGMOD 5.0825892e-05
10,042 BT-Tree: A Reinforcement Learning Based Index for Big Trajectory Data 2024 SIGMOD 5.0786422e-05
10,100 Finding Logic Bugs in Spatial Database Engines via Affine Equivalent Inputs 2024 SIGMOD 5.068372e-05
10,206 PLATON: Top-down R-tree Packing with Learned Partition Policy 2023 SIGMOD 5.0491152e-05
10,222 SWIX: A Memory-efficient Sliding Window Learned Index 2024 SIGMOD 5.0460607e-05
10,335 DobLIX: A Dual-Objective Learned Index for Log-Structured Merge Trees 2025 VLDB 5.0225409e-05
10,552 LINE: A Learned Index with Group-Enhanced Leaves and Cache-Optimized Inner Tree 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,557 Mathematical Foundations of Poisoning Attacks on Linear Regression over Cumulative Distribution Functions 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,649 High Performance or Low Memory? An Updatable Learned Index Framework for Time-Space Tradeoff 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,728 LM-Tree: A Hybrid Learned Index for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
11,134 LiBox: A Learned Index as an Array to Minimize Last-Mile Search 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,342 BLAEQ: A Multigrid Index for Spatial Query on Geometry Data 2025 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,505 LASER: Buffer-Aware Learned Query Scheduling in Master-Standby Databases 2025 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 9 of 9 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2 R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure For Spatial Searching 1984 SIGMOD 0.0019892478
4 The R*-tree: An Efficient and Robust Access Method for Points and Rectangles 1990 SIGMOD 0.0011386412
28 Nearest Neighbor Queries 1995 SIGMOD 0.00051134355
40 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00046249672
44 The R+-Tree: A Dynamic Multi-Dimensional Index for Objects 1987 VLDB 0.00045231517
56 M-tree: An Efficient Access Method for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces 1997 VLDB 0.0004024707
338 Hilbert R-tree: An Improved R-tree Using Fractals 1994 VLDB 0.0002058961
550 SageDB: A Learned Database System 2019 CIDR 0.00016525249
2,211 Integrating the UB-Tree into a Database System Kernel 2000 VLDB 8.8443254e-05
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