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RaBitQ: Quantizing High-Dimensional Vectors with a Theoretical Error Bound for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search

Summary: RaBitQ: randomized quantization for ANN in high-dimensional Euclidean space, encoding each D-dim vector into D bits. Key novelty: a sharp theoretical distance-error bound for quantized search, while retaining SIMD/bitwise efficiency and outperforming PQ variants empirically. (summarized by gpt-5.4-mini on May 24 2026)

Paper ID
h6a01d9752c8694d9
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2024
Pagerank
0.00013838349
Overall Rank
803 | 94.61%
DOI
10.1145/3654970
PDF
Download (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{gao_sigmod24,
        title = {{RaBitQ: Quantizing High-Dimensional Vectors with a Theoretical Error Bound for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search}},
        author = {Gao, Jianyang and Long, Cheng},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '24},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3654970},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3654970},
        year = {2024}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 59 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2,717 iRangeGraph: Improvising Range-dedicated Graphs for Range-filtering Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 8.0953706e-05
2,821 Practical and Asymptotically Optimal Quantization of High-Dimensional Vectors in Euclidean Space for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 7.9674226e-05
3,378 SymphonyQG: Towards Symphonious Integration of Quantization and Graph for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 7.3542798e-05
4,500 PQCache: Product Quantization-based KVCache for Long Context LLM Inference 2025 SIGMOD 6.573164e-05
4,600 Steiner-Hardness: A Query Hardness Measure for Graph-Based ANN Indexes 2024 VLDB 6.5055567e-05
6,230 Chameleon: a Heterogeneous and Disaggregated Accelerator System for Retrieval-Augmented Language Models 2025 VLDB 5.842393e-05
6,244 Efficient Data-aware Distance Comparison Operations for High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 5.8355024e-05
6,342 VikingMem: A Memory Base Management System for Stateful LLM-based Applications 2026 VLDB 5.8064898e-05
6,461 Efficient Dynamic Indexing for Range Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 5.7744005e-05
7,006 Accelerating Graph Indexing for ANNS on Modern CPUs 2025 SIGMOD 5.6212001e-05
7,594 Scalable Graph Indexing using GPUs for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.4865404e-05
7,600 DEG: Efficient Hybrid Vector Search Using the Dynamic Edge Navigation Graph 2025 SIGMOD 5.4854217e-05
7,706 VSAG: An Optimized Search Framework for Graph-based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 5.4724414e-05
7,811 PDX: A Data Layout for Vector Similarity Search 2025 SIGMOD 5.4476368e-05
8,265 Attribute Filtering in Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: An In-depth Experimental Study 2026 SIGMOD 5.3639904e-05
8,350 Fast Graph Vector Search via Hardware Acceleration and Delayed-Synchronization Traversal 2025 VLDB 5.3481387e-05
8,416 Fast Approximate Similarity Join in Vector Databases 2025 SIGMOD 5.3341916e-05
8,821 HAKES: Scalable Vector Database for Embedding Search Service 2025 VLDB 5.2697314e-05
8,858 HARMONY: A Scalable Distributed Vector Database for High-Throughput Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.2621314e-05
8,894 GPU-Accelerated ANNS: Quantized for Speed, Built for Change 2026 VLDB 5.2534908e-05
9,146 DARTH: Declarative Recall Through Early Termination for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.2199557e-05
9,535 SAQ: Pushing the Limits of Vector Quantization through Code Adjustment and Dimension Segmentation 2026 SIGMOD 5.1636285e-05
10,168 GPS: Revisiting the Data Layout for Disk-based High-Dimensional Vector Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.0658661e-05
10,231 CoTra: Towards Efficient and Scalable Distributed Vector Search with RDMA 2026 SIGMOD 5.0547568e-05
10,330 Dynamically Detect and Fix Hardness for Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.0322912e-05
10,331 TRIM: Accelerating High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search with Enhanced Triangle-Inequality-Based Pruning 2026 SIGMOD 5.0322912e-05
10,332 WoW: A Window-to-Window Incremental Index for Range-Filtering Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.0322912e-05
10,333 Fast-Convergent Proximity Graphs for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.0322912e-05
10,455 Efficient Index Layout and Search Strategy for Large-scale High-dimensional Vector Similarity Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,472 GEM: A Native Graph-based Index for Multi-Vector Retrieval 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,520 TaCo: Data-adaptive and Query-aware Subspace Collision for High-dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,522 Through the Lens of Hubness: A Revisit on Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,551 Accelerating High-Dimensional ANN Search via Skipping Redundant Distance Computations 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,585 High-Throughput, Cost-Effective Billion-Scale Vector Search with a Single GPU 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,688 RAIRS: Optimizing Redundant Assignment and List Layout for IVF-Based ANN Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,691 Reveal Hidden Pitfalls and Navigate Next Generation of Vector Similarity Search from Task-Centric Views: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,707 SVFusion: A CPU-GPU Co-Processing Architecture for Large-Scale Real-Time Vector Search 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
10,719 Quantization Meets Projection: A Happy Marriage for Approximate k-Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
10,736 I/O Optimizations for Graph-Based Disk-Resident Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: A Design Space Exploration 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
10,740 JHQ: Johnson-Lindenstrauss Enhanced Hierarchical Quantization for High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
10,755 Balancing the Blend: An Experimental Analysis of Trade-offs in Hybrid Search 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
10,779 Harmonizing Efficiency and Accuracy in Filtered Vector Search 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
10,837 Sparse Neighborhood Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search Revisited: Theoretical Analysis and Optimization 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
10,839 RNSG: A Range-Aware Graph Index for Efficient Range-Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
10,844 ConANN: Conformal Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
10,846 HEXA: A Disjoint-Subgraph-Based Indexing Framework for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search at Billion Scale 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
10,858 Error-bounded Point Cloud Compression Using Truncated Octahedron Quantization 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
10,860 GAS: A Lightweight Framework for Filtered Search over Wide-table Vectors 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
10,877 CONDA: A Connectivity-Aware Dynamic Index for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search over Evolving Data 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
10,882 GPU-Native Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search with IVF-RaBitQ: Fast Index Build and Search 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 26 of 26 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
45 A Quantitative Analysis and Performance Study for Similarity-Search Methods in High-Dimensional Spaces 1998 VLDB 0.00045027197
56 M-tree: An Efficient Access Method for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces 1997 VLDB 0.00040363819
74 Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search With The Navigating Spreading-out Graph 2019 VLDB 0.00037145866
189 Milvus: A Purpose-Built Vector Data Management System 2021 SIGMOD 0.0002585319
297 Query-Aware Locality-Sensitive Hashing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2016 VLDB 0.00021849337
338 Locality-Sensitive Hashing Scheme Based on Dynamic Collision Counting 2012 SIGMOD 0.00020600264
344 A Comprehensive Survey and Experimental Comparison of Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2021 VLDB 0.00020455839
562 SRS: Solving c-Approximate Nearest Neighbor Queries in High Dimensional Euclidean Space with a Tiny Index 2015 VLDB 0.00016350316
712 Cache locality is not enough: High-Performance Nearest Neighbor Search with Product Quantization Fast Scan 2016 VLDB 0.00014593534
838 Improving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search through Learned Adaptive Early Termination 2020 SIGMOD 0.0001355054
909 PASE: PostgreSQL Ultra-High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search Extension 2020 SIGMOD 0.0001312576
1,166 Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in Multi-dimensional Databases 2023 SIGMOD 0.0001172922
1,325 VHP: Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search via Virtual Hypersphere Partitioning 2020 VLDB 0.00011016872
1,373 High-Throughput Vector Similarity Search in Knowledge Graphs 2023 SIGMOD 0.00010891169
1,481 PM-LSH: A Fast and Accurate LSH Framework for High-Dimensional Approximate NN Search 2020 VLDB 0.00010535847
1,600 High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: with Reliable and Efficient Distance Comparison Operations 2023 SIGMOD 0.00010111099
1,618 Towards Efficient Index Construction and Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in High-Dimensional Spaces 2023 VLDB 0.00010053127
1,681 HVS: Hierarchical Graph Structure Based on Voronoi Diagrams for Solving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2022 VLDB 9.8836287e-05
1,894 iDEC: Indexable Distance Estimating Codes for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2020 VLDB 9.4129766e-05
2,061 Similarity search in the blink of an eye with compressed indices 2023 VLDB 9.1002904e-05
2,870 The Lernaean Hydra of Data Series Similarity Search: An Experimental Evaluation of the State of the Art 2019 VLDB 7.919641e-05
2,955 Locality-Sensitive Hashing Scheme based on Longest Circular Co-Substring 2020 SIGMOD 7.8111585e-05
3,086 New Trends in High-D Vector Similarity Search: AI-driven, Progressive, and Distributed 2021 VLDB 7.6602071e-05
3,232 Similarity Query Processing for High-Dimensional Data 2020 VLDB 7.5029541e-05
3,546 A General and Efficient Querying Method for Learning to Hash 2018 SIGMOD 7.209991e-05
6,612 Dumpy: A Compact and Adaptive Index for Large Data Series Collections 2023 SIGMOD 5.732933e-05
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Semantically Similar Papers

# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
1 674 Efficient Similarity Search and Classification via Rank Aggregation 2003 SIGMOD
2 11,340 Not Small Enough? SegPQ: A Learned Approach to Compress Product Quantization Codebooks 2025 VLDB
3 712 Cache locality is not enough: High-Performance Nearest Neighbor Search with Product Quantization Fast Scan 2016 VLDB
4 297 Query-Aware Locality-Sensitive Hashing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2016 VLDB
5 3,546 A General and Efficient Querying Method for Learning to Hash 2018 SIGMOD
6 10,882 GPU-Native Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search with IVF-RaBitQ: Fast Index Build and Search 2026 VLDB
7 8,786 Accelerating Product Quantization Query Execution Runtime 2021 SIGMOD
8 9,535 SAQ: Pushing the Limits of Vector Quantization through Code Adjustment and Dimension Segmentation 2026 SIGMOD
9 10,719 Quantization Meets Projection: A Happy Marriage for Approximate k-Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB
10 2,821 Practical and Asymptotically Optimal Quantization of High-Dimensional Vectors in Euclidean Space for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD