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RaBitQ: Quantizing High-Dimensional Vectors with a Theoretical Error Bound for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search

Summary: RaBitQ: randomized quantization for ANN in high-dimensional Euclidean space, encoding each D-dim vector into D bits. Key novelty: a sharp theoretical distance-error bound for quantized search, while retaining SIMD/bitwise efficiency and outperforming PQ variants empirically. (summarized by gpt-5.4-mini on May 24 2026)

Paper ID
h6a01d9752c8694d9
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2024
Pagerank
0.00013832333
Overall Rank
804 | 94.60%
DOI
10.1145/3654970

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{gao_sigmod24,
        title = {{RaBitQ: Quantizing High-Dimensional Vectors with a Theoretical Error Bound for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search}},
        author = {Gao, Jianyang and Long, Cheng},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '24},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3654970},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3654970},
        year = {2024}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 59 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2,726 iRangeGraph: Improvising Range-dedicated Graphs for Range-filtering Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 8.0904995e-05
2,821 Practical and Asymptotically Optimal Quantization of High-Dimensional Vectors in Euclidean Space for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 7.9711961e-05
3,385 SymphonyQG: Towards Symphonious Integration of Quantization and Graph for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 7.3548612e-05
4,498 PQCache: Product Quantization-based KVCache for Long Context LLM Inference 2025 SIGMOD 6.5762771e-05
4,598 Steiner-Hardness: A Query Hardness Measure for Graph-Based ANN Indexes 2024 VLDB 6.5086378e-05
6,239 Efficient Data-aware Distance Comparison Operations for High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 5.8382662e-05
6,338 VikingMem: A Memory Base Management System for Stateful LLM-based Applications 2026 VLDB 5.8092399e-05
6,459 Efficient Dynamic Indexing for Range Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 5.7771353e-05
6,895 Chameleon: a Heterogeneous and Disaggregated Accelerator System for Retrieval-Augmented Language Models 2025 VLDB 5.6536466e-05
7,004 Accelerating Graph Indexing for ANNS on Modern CPUs 2025 SIGMOD 5.6238624e-05
7,587 Scalable Graph Indexing using GPUs for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.4891389e-05
7,593 DEG: Efficient Hybrid Vector Search Using the Dynamic Edge Navigation Graph 2025 SIGMOD 5.4880197e-05
7,700 VSAG: An Optimized Search Framework for Graph-based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 5.4750332e-05
7,804 PDX: A Data Layout for Vector Similarity Search 2025 SIGMOD 5.4502168e-05
8,259 Attribute Filtering in Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: An In-depth Experimental Study 2026 SIGMOD 5.3665309e-05
8,408 Fast Approximate Similarity Join in Vector Databases 2025 SIGMOD 5.336718e-05
8,848 HARMONY: A Scalable Distributed Vector Database for High-Throughput Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.2646236e-05
8,885 GPU-Accelerated ANNS: Quantized for Speed, Built for Change 2026 VLDB 5.2559789e-05
9,136 DARTH: Declarative Recall Through Early Termination for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.2224279e-05
9,526 SAQ: Pushing the Limits of Vector Quantization through Code Adjustment and Dimension Segmentation 2026 SIGMOD 5.166074e-05
9,551 Fast Graph Vector Search via Hardware Acceleration and Delayed-Synchronization Traversal 2025 VLDB 5.1591583e-05
10,089 HAKES: Scalable Vector Database for Embedding Search Service 2025 VLDB 5.0807138e-05
10,163 GPS: Revisiting the Data Layout for Disk-based High-Dimensional Vector Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.0682654e-05
10,225 CoTra: Towards Efficient and Scalable Distributed Vector Search with RDMA 2026 SIGMOD 5.0571508e-05
10,323 Dynamically Detect and Fix Hardness for Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.0346745e-05
10,324 TRIM: Accelerating High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search with Enhanced Triangle-Inequality-Based Pruning 2026 SIGMOD 5.0346745e-05
10,325 WoW: A Window-to-Window Incremental Index for Range-Filtering Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.0346745e-05
10,326 Fast-Convergent Proximity Graphs for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.0346745e-05
10,443 Efficient Index Layout and Search Strategy for Large-scale High-dimensional Vector Similarity Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,461 GEM: A Native Graph-based Index for Multi-Vector Retrieval 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,509 TaCo: Data-adaptive and Query-aware Subspace Collision for High-dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,511 Through the Lens of Hubness: A Revisit on Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,540 Accelerating High-Dimensional ANN Search via Skipping Redundant Distance Computations 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,574 High-Throughput, Cost-Effective Billion-Scale Vector Search with a Single GPU 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,677 RAIRS: Optimizing Redundant Assignment and List Layout for IVF-Based ANN Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,680 Reveal Hidden Pitfalls and Navigate Next Generation of Vector Similarity Search from Task-Centric Views: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,697 SVFusion: A CPU-GPU Co-Processing Architecture for Large-Scale Real-Time Vector Search 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,709 Quantization Meets Projection: A Happy Marriage for Approximate k-Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,726 I/O Optimizations for Graph-Based Disk-Resident Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: A Design Space Exploration 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,730 JHQ: Johnson-Lindenstrauss Enhanced Hierarchical Quantization for High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,745 Balancing the Blend: An Experimental Analysis of Trade-offs in Hybrid Search 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,769 Harmonizing Efficiency and Accuracy in Filtered Vector Search 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,827 Sparse Neighborhood Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search Revisited: Theoretical Analysis and Optimization 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,829 RNSG: A Range-Aware Graph Index for Efficient Range-Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,834 ConANN: Conformal Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,836 HEXA: A Disjoint-Subgraph-Based Indexing Framework for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search at Billion Scale 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,849 Error-bounded Point Cloud Compression Using Truncated Octahedron Quantization 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,851 GAS: A Lightweight Framework for Filtered Search over Wide-table Vectors 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,868 CONDA: A Connectivity-Aware Dynamic Index for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search over Evolving Data 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,873 GPU-Native Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search with IVF-RaBitQ: Fast Index Build and Search 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 26 of 26 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
45 A Quantitative Analysis and Performance Study for Similarity-Search Methods in High-Dimensional Spaces 1998 VLDB 0.0004503446
56 M-tree: An Efficient Access Method for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces 1997 VLDB 0.00040370171
74 Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search With The Navigating Spreading-out Graph 2019 VLDB 0.00037091678
194 Milvus: A Purpose-Built Vector Data Management System 2021 SIGMOD 0.00025636725
298 Query-Aware Locality-Sensitive Hashing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2016 VLDB 0.00021833987
338 Locality-Sensitive Hashing Scheme Based on Dynamic Collision Counting 2012 SIGMOD 0.00020585187
345 A Comprehensive Survey and Experimental Comparison of Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2021 VLDB 0.00020445545
562 SRS: Solving c-Approximate Nearest Neighbor Queries in High Dimensional Euclidean Space with a Tiny Index 2015 VLDB 0.00016335405
713 Cache locality is not enough: High-Performance Nearest Neighbor Search with Product Quantization Fast Scan 2016 VLDB 0.00014571977
839 Improving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search through Learned Adaptive Early Termination 2020 SIGMOD 0.00013547412
916 PASE: PostgreSQL Ultra-High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search Extension 2020 SIGMOD 0.00013094482
1,170 Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in Multi-dimensional Databases 2023 SIGMOD 0.0001171991
1,328 VHP: Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search via Virtual Hypersphere Partitioning 2020 VLDB 0.00011003106
1,373 High-Throughput Vector Similarity Search in Knowledge Graphs 2023 SIGMOD 0.0001088854
1,485 PM-LSH: A Fast and Accurate LSH Framework for High-Dimensional Approximate NN Search 2020 VLDB 0.00010523759
1,601 High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: with Reliable and Efficient Distance Comparison Operations 2023 SIGMOD 0.00010103316
1,625 Towards Efficient Index Construction and Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in High-Dimensional Spaces 2023 VLDB 0.0001004502
1,684 HVS: Hierarchical Graph Structure Based on Voronoi Diagrams for Solving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2022 VLDB 9.8801753e-05
1,897 iDEC: Indexable Distance Estimating Codes for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2020 VLDB 9.4092345e-05
2,060 Similarity search in the blink of an eye with compressed indices 2023 VLDB 9.0983169e-05
2,872 The Lernaean Hydra of Data Series Similarity Search: An Experimental Evaluation of the State of the Art 2019 VLDB 7.9228762e-05
2,969 Locality-Sensitive Hashing Scheme based on Longest Circular Co-Substring 2020 SIGMOD 7.8000797e-05
3,086 New Trends in High-D Vector Similarity Search: AI-driven, Progressive, and Distributed 2021 VLDB 7.6629311e-05
3,230 Similarity Query Processing for High-Dimensional Data 2020 VLDB 7.5056037e-05
3,546 A General and Efficient Querying Method for Learning to Hash 2018 SIGMOD 7.2123214e-05
6,609 Dumpy: A Compact and Adaptive Index for Large Data Series Collections 2023 SIGMOD 5.7354155e-05
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Semantically Similar Papers

# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
1 674 Efficient Similarity Search and Classification via Rank Aggregation 2003 SIGMOD
2 11,332 Not Small Enough? SegPQ: A Learned Approach to Compress Product Quantization Codebooks 2025 VLDB
3 713 Cache locality is not enough: High-Performance Nearest Neighbor Search with Product Quantization Fast Scan 2016 VLDB
4 298 Query-Aware Locality-Sensitive Hashing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2016 VLDB
5 3,546 A General and Efficient Querying Method for Learning to Hash 2018 SIGMOD
6 10,873 GPU-Native Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search with IVF-RaBitQ: Fast Index Build and Search 2026 VLDB
7 8,778 Accelerating Product Quantization Query Execution Runtime 2021 SIGMOD
8 9,526 SAQ: Pushing the Limits of Vector Quantization through Code Adjustment and Dimension Segmentation 2026 SIGMOD
9 10,709 Quantization Meets Projection: A Happy Marriage for Approximate k-Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB
10 2,821 Practical and Asymptotically Optimal Quantization of High-Dimensional Vectors in Euclidean Space for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD