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RaBitQ: Quantizing High-Dimensional Vectors with a Theoretical Error Bound for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search

Summary: RaBitQ: randomized quantization for ANN in high-dimensional Euclidean space, encoding each D-dim vector into D bits. Key novelty: a sharp theoretical distance-error bound for quantized search, while retaining SIMD/bitwise efficiency and outperforming PQ variants empirically. (summarized by gpt-5.4-mini on May 24 2026)

Paper ID
h6a01d9752c8694d9
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2024
Pagerank
0.00013822222
Overall Rank
802 | 94.63%
DOI
10.1145/3654970
PDF
Download (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{gao_sigmod24,
        title = {{RaBitQ: Quantizing High-Dimensional Vectors with a Theoretical Error Bound for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search}},
        author = {Gao, Jianyang and Long, Cheng},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '24},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3654970},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3654970},
        year = {2024}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 59 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2,728 iRangeGraph: Improvising Range-dedicated Graphs for Range-filtering Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 8.0686023e-05
2,836 Practical and Asymptotically Optimal Quantization of High-Dimensional Vectors in Euclidean Space for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 7.9410774e-05
3,389 SymphonyQG: Towards Symphonious Integration of Quantization and Graph for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 7.329962e-05
3,972 PQCache: Product Quantization-based KVCache for Long Context LLM Inference 2025 SIGMOD 6.8744954e-05
4,157 Steiner-Hardness: A Query Hardness Measure for Graph-Based ANN Indexes 2024 VLDB 6.7596305e-05
5,142 Chameleon: a Heterogeneous and Disaggregated Accelerator System for Retrieval-Augmented Language Models 2025 VLDB 6.2420637e-05
6,256 Efficient Data-aware Distance Comparison Operations for High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 5.8162066e-05
6,352 VikingMem: A Memory Base Management System for Stateful LLM-based Applications 2026 VLDB 5.78729e-05
6,475 Efficient Dynamic Indexing for Range Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 5.7553067e-05
7,023 Accelerating Graph Indexing for ANNS on Modern CPUs 2025 SIGMOD 5.6026129e-05
7,610 Scalable Graph Indexing using GPUs for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.4683985e-05
7,616 DEG: Efficient Hybrid Vector Search Using the Dynamic Edge Navigation Graph 2025 SIGMOD 5.4672835e-05
7,719 VSAG: An Optimized Search Framework for Graph-based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 5.4543461e-05
7,828 PDX: A Data Layout for Vector Similarity Search 2025 SIGMOD 5.4296235e-05
8,281 Attribute Filtering in Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: An In-depth Experimental Study 2026 SIGMOD 5.3462537e-05
8,364 Fast Graph Vector Search via Hardware Acceleration and Delayed-Synchronization Traversal 2025 VLDB 5.3304544e-05
8,434 Fast Approximate Similarity Join in Vector Databases 2025 SIGMOD 5.3165535e-05
8,838 HAKES: Scalable Vector Database for Embedding Search Service 2025 VLDB 5.2523063e-05
8,879 HARMONY: A Scalable Distributed Vector Database for High-Throughput Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.2447315e-05
8,914 GPU-Accelerated ANNS: Quantized for Speed, Built for Change 2026 VLDB 5.2361195e-05
9,168 DARTH: Declarative Recall Through Early Termination for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.2026953e-05
9,562 SAQ: Pushing the Limits of Vector Quantization through Code Adjustment and Dimension Segmentation 2026 SIGMOD 5.1465543e-05
10,203 GPS: Revisiting the Data Layout for Disk-based High-Dimensional Vector Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.0491152e-05
10,261 CoTra: Towards Efficient and Scalable Distributed Vector Search with RDMA 2026 SIGMOD 5.0380426e-05
10,356 Dynamically Detect and Fix Hardness for Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.0156513e-05
10,357 TRIM: Accelerating High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search with Enhanced Triangle-Inequality-Based Pruning 2026 SIGMOD 5.0156513e-05
10,358 WoW: A Window-to-Window Incremental Index for Range-Filtering Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.0156513e-05
10,359 Fast-Convergent Proximity Graphs for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.0156513e-05
10,521 Efficient Index Layout and Search Strategy for Large-scale High-dimensional Vector Similarity Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,538 GEM: A Native Graph-based Index for Multi-Vector Retrieval 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,586 TaCo: Data-adaptive and Query-aware Subspace Collision for High-dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,588 Through the Lens of Hubness: A Revisit on Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,616 Accelerating High-Dimensional ANN Search via Skipping Redundant Distance Computations 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,648 High-Throughput, Cost-Effective Billion-Scale Vector Search with a Single GPU 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,749 RAIRS: Optimizing Redundant Assignment and List Layout for IVF-Based ANN Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,752 Reveal Hidden Pitfalls and Navigate Next Generation of Vector Similarity Search from Task-Centric Views: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,768 SVFusion: A CPU-GPU Co-Processing Architecture for Large-Scale Real-Time Vector Search 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,780 Quantization Meets Projection: A Happy Marriage for Approximate k-Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,797 I/O Optimizations for Graph-Based Disk-Resident Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: A Design Space Exploration 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,801 JHQ: Johnson-Lindenstrauss Enhanced Hierarchical Quantization for High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,816 Balancing the Blend: An Experimental Analysis of Trade-offs in Hybrid Search 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,840 Harmonizing Efficiency and Accuracy in Filtered Vector Search 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,898 Sparse Neighborhood Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search Revisited: Theoretical Analysis and Optimization 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,900 RNSG: A Range-Aware Graph Index for Efficient Range-Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,905 ConANN: Conformal Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,907 HEXA: A Disjoint-Subgraph-Based Indexing Framework for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search at Billion Scale 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,919 Error-bounded Point Cloud Compression Using Truncated Octahedron Quantization 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,921 GAS: A Lightweight Framework for Filtered Search over Wide-table Vectors 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,938 CONDA: A Connectivity-Aware Dynamic Index for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search over Evolving Data 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,943 GPU-Native Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search with IVF-RaBitQ: Fast Index Build and Search 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 26 of 26 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
45 A Quantitative Analysis and Performance Study for Similarity-Search Methods in High-Dimensional Spaces 1998 VLDB 0.00044967652
56 M-tree: An Efficient Access Method for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces 1997 VLDB 0.0004024707
75 Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search With The Navigating Spreading-out Graph 2019 VLDB 0.00037163157
181 Milvus: A Purpose-Built Vector Data Management System 2021 SIGMOD 0.00026425782
286 Query-Aware Locality-Sensitive Hashing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2016 VLDB 0.00022090962
335 A Comprehensive Survey and Experimental Comparison of Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2021 VLDB 0.0002067515
339 Locality-Sensitive Hashing Scheme Based on Dynamic Collision Counting 2012 SIGMOD 0.00020558018
562 SRS: Solving c-Approximate Nearest Neighbor Queries in High Dimensional Euclidean Space with a Tiny Index 2015 VLDB 0.00016344855
710 Cache locality is not enough: High-Performance Nearest Neighbor Search with Product Quantization Fast Scan 2016 VLDB 0.00014598403
837 Improving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search through Learned Adaptive Early Termination 2020 SIGMOD 0.00013530806
901 PASE: PostgreSQL Ultra-High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search Extension 2020 SIGMOD 0.00013149954
1,165 Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in Multi-dimensional Databases 2023 SIGMOD 0.00011708765
1,318 VHP: Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search via Virtual Hypersphere Partitioning 2020 VLDB 0.00011035606
1,371 High-Throughput Vector Similarity Search in Knowledge Graphs 2023 SIGMOD 0.00010874981
1,460 PM-LSH: A Fast and Accurate LSH Framework for High-Dimensional Approximate NN Search 2020 VLDB 0.00010558941
1,601 High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: with Reliable and Efficient Distance Comparison Operations 2023 SIGMOD 0.00010092977
1,618 Towards Efficient Index Construction and Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in High-Dimensional Spaces 2023 VLDB 0.00010045437
1,684 HVS: Hierarchical Graph Structure Based on Voronoi Diagrams for Solving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2022 VLDB 9.8770749e-05
1,881 iDEC: Indexable Distance Estimating Codes for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2020 VLDB 9.4262036e-05
2,067 Similarity search in the blink of an eye with compressed indices 2023 VLDB 9.0707479e-05
2,879 The Lernaean Hydra of Data Series Similarity Search: An Experimental Evaluation of the State of the Art 2019 VLDB 7.8951769e-05
2,968 Locality-Sensitive Hashing Scheme based on Longest Circular Co-Substring 2020 SIGMOD 7.7879589e-05
3,065 New Trends in High-D Vector Similarity Search: AI-driven, Progressive, and Distributed 2021 VLDB 7.6759702e-05
3,244 Similarity Query Processing for High-Dimensional Data 2020 VLDB 7.479122e-05
3,552 A General and Efficient Querying Method for Learning to Hash 2018 SIGMOD 7.1888282e-05
6,621 Dumpy: A Compact and Adaptive Index for Large Data Series Collections 2023 SIGMOD 5.7145251e-05
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Semantically Similar Papers

# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
1 674 Efficient Similarity Search and Classification via Rank Aggregation 2003 SIGMOD
2 286 Query-Aware Locality-Sensitive Hashing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2016 VLDB
3 11,393 Not Small Enough? SegPQ: A Learned Approach to Compress Product Quantization Codebooks 2025 VLDB
4 710 Cache locality is not enough: High-Performance Nearest Neighbor Search with Product Quantization Fast Scan 2016 VLDB
5 3,552 A General and Efficient Querying Method for Learning to Hash 2018 SIGMOD
6 10,943 GPU-Native Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search with IVF-RaBitQ: Fast Index Build and Search 2026 VLDB
7 8,688 Accelerating Product Quantization Query Execution Runtime 2021 SIGMOD
8 9,562 SAQ: Pushing the Limits of Vector Quantization through Code Adjustment and Dimension Segmentation 2026 SIGMOD
9 10,780 Quantization Meets Projection: A Happy Marriage for Approximate k-Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB
10 2,836 Practical and Asymptotically Optimal Quantization of High-Dimensional Vectors in Euclidean Space for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD