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Hercules Against Data Series Similarity Search

Summary: Parallel tree-based index for exact similarity search on massive disk-resident data series. Novel index construction with summarization, plus memory/disk access optimization, scheduling, multithreading, and SIMD; up to 10x faster than the best competitor and the only index to beat optimized scans across workloads. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
hfcc459a4e145e23e
Venue
VLDB
Year
2022
Pagerank
6.1613957e-05
Overall Rank
5,335 | 64.24%
DOI
10.14778/3547305.3547308
PDF
Download (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{echihabi_vldb22,
        title = {{Hercules Against Data Series Similarity Search}},
        author = {Echihabi, Karima and Fatourou, Panagiota and Zoumpatianos, Kostas and Palpanas, Themis and Benbrahim, Houda},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '22},
        volume = {15},
        number = {10},
        pages = {2005--2018},
        doi = {10.14778/3547305.3547308},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3547305.3547308},
        year = {2022}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 19 of 19 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2,268 ELPIS: Graph-Based Similarity Search for Scalable Data Science 2023 VLDB 8.7144632e-05
3,389 SymphonyQG: Towards Symphonious Integration of Quantization and Graph for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 7.329962e-05
4,157 Steiner-Hardness: A Query Hardness Measure for Graph-Based ANN Indexes 2024 VLDB 6.7596305e-05
5,526 DET-LSH: A Locality-Sensitive Hashing Scheme with Dynamic Encoding Tree for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 VLDB 6.0804398e-05
6,621 Dumpy: A Compact and Adaptive Index for Large Data Series Collections 2023 SIGMOD 5.7145251e-05
6,941 GTI: Graph-based Tree Index with Logarithm Updates for Nearest Neighbor Search in High-Dimensional Spaces 2025 VLDB 5.6229105e-05
7,286 Subspace Collision: An Efficient and Accurate Framework for High-dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 5.5493084e-05
7,326 RWalks: Random Walks as Attribute Diffusers for Filtered Vector Search 2025 SIGMOD 5.5375978e-05
7,579 Raising the ClaSS of Streaming Time Series Segmentation 2024 VLDB 5.4756667e-05
7,610 Scalable Graph Indexing using GPUs for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.4683985e-05
9,168 DARTH: Declarative Recall Through Early Termination for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.2026953e-05
9,478 Odyssey: A Journey in the Land of Distributed Data Series Similarity Search 2023 VLDB 5.1576017e-05
9,596 LeaFi: Data Series Indexes on Steroids with Learned Filters 2025 SIGMOD 5.1376962e-05
9,610 iEDeaL: A Deep Learning Framework for Detecting Highly Imbalanced Interictal Epileptiform Discharges 2023 VLDB 5.1376962e-05
9,696 dCAM: Dimension-wise Class Activation Map for Explaining Multivariate Data Series Classification 2022 SIGMOD 5.1258854e-05
10,128 Select Edges Wisely: Monotonic Path Aware Graph Layout Optimization for Disk-based ANN Search 2025 VLDB 5.0615166e-05
10,162 DIDS: Double Indices and Double Summarizations for Fast Similarity Search 2024 VLDB 5.0579479e-05
10,780 Quantization Meets Projection: A Happy Marriage for Approximate k-Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,124 CLaP - State Detection from Time Series 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 13 of 13 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
4 The R*-tree: An Efficient and Robust Access Method for Points and Rectangles 1990 SIGMOD 0.0011386412
42 Fast Subsequence Matching in Time-Series Databases 1994 SIGMOD 0.00045609336
56 M-tree: An Efficient Access Method for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces 1997 VLDB 0.0004024707
198 Locally Adaptive Dimensionality Reduction for Indexing Large Time Series Databases 2001 SIGMOD 0.00025558119
1,098 A Data-adaptive and Dynamic Segmentation Index for Whole Matching on Time Series 2013 VLDB 0.00012016918
1,950 TSB-UAD: An End-to-End Benchmark Suite for Univariate Time-Series Anomaly Detection 2022 VLDB 9.303437e-05
2,733 Return of the Lernaean Hydra: Experimental Evaluation of Data Series Approximate Similarity Search 2020 VLDB 8.0653682e-05
2,879 The Lernaean Hydra of Data Series Similarity Search: An Experimental Evaluation of the State of the Art 2019 VLDB 7.8951769e-05
3,065 New Trends in High-D Vector Similarity Search: AI-driven, Progressive, and Distributed 2021 VLDB 7.6759702e-05
4,321 Data Series Progressive Similarity Search with Probabilistic Quality Guarantees 2020 SIGMOD 6.6519404e-05
4,620 Matrix Profile X: VALMOD - Scalable Discovery of Variable-Length Motifs in Data Series 2018 SIGMOD 6.4830197e-05
6,076 High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search: From Time Series to Deep Network Embeddings 2020 SIGMOD 5.8774917e-05
9,696 dCAM: Dimension-wise Class Activation Map for Explaining Multivariate Data Series Classification 2022 SIGMOD 5.1258854e-05
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Semantically Similar Papers

# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
1 20 Similarity Search in High Dimensions via Hashing 1999 VLDB
2 2,067 Similarity search in the blink of an eye with compressed indices 2023 VLDB
3 10,521 Efficient Index Layout and Search Strategy for Large-scale High-dimensional Vector Similarity Search 2026 SIGMOD
4 7,035 Efficient Similarity Join and Search on Multi-Attribute Data 2015 SIGMOD
5 3,893 Fast Parallel Similarity Search in Multimedia Databases 1997 SIGMOD
6 9,631 Similarity Query Processing Using Disk Arrays 1998 SIGMOD
7 10,162 DIDS: Double Indices and Double Summarizations for Fast Similarity Search 2024 VLDB
8 3,521 Scalable, Variable-Length Similarity Search in Data Series: The ULISSE Approach 2018 VLDB
9 2,879 The Lernaean Hydra of Data Series Similarity Search: An Experimental Evaluation of the State of the Art 2019 VLDB
10 2,733 Return of the Lernaean Hydra: Experimental Evaluation of Data Series Approximate Similarity Search 2020 VLDB