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ELPIS: Graph-Based Similarity Search for Scalable Data Science

Summary: ELPIS combines data-series tree indexing with graph-based high-dimensional vector search for scalable in-memory ng-approximate similarity search. It builds indexes 3–8× faster with 40% less memory, while delivering 0.99 recall and up to 10× faster 1-NN queries. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
h244233f0dc75aad4
Venue
VLDB
Year
2023
Pagerank
8.7144632e-05
Overall Rank
2,268 | 84.80%
DOI
10.14778/3583140.3583166
PDF
Download (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{azizi_vldb23,
        title = {{ELPIS: Graph-Based Similarity Search for Scalable Data Science}},
        author = {Azizi, Ilias and Echihabi, Karima and Palpanas, Themis},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '23},
        volume = {16},
        number = {6},
        pages = {1548--1559},
        doi = {10.14778/3583140.3583166},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3583140.3583166},
        year = {2023}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 38 of 38 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2,885 Graph-Based Vector Search: An Experimental Evaluation of the State-of-the-Art 2025 SIGMOD 7.8929868e-05
3,389 SymphonyQG: Towards Symphonious Integration of Quantization and Graph for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 7.329962e-05
3,972 PQCache: Product Quantization-based KVCache for Long Context LLM Inference 2025 SIGMOD 6.8744954e-05
4,157 Steiner-Hardness: A Query Hardness Measure for Graph-Based ANN Indexes 2024 VLDB 6.7596305e-05
4,735 Maximum Inner Product is Query-Scaled Nearest Neighbor 2025 VLDB 6.4310678e-05
5,526 DET-LSH: A Locality-Sensitive Hashing Scheme with Dynamic Encoding Tree for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 VLDB 6.0804398e-05
5,633 A Topology-Aware Localized Update Strategy for Graph-Based ANN Index 2026 VLDB 6.039647e-05
6,256 Efficient Data-aware Distance Comparison Operations for High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 5.8162066e-05
6,621 Dumpy: A Compact and Adaptive Index for Large Data Series Collections 2023 SIGMOD 5.7145251e-05
6,941 GTI: Graph-based Tree Index with Logarithm Updates for Nearest Neighbor Search in High-Dimensional Spaces 2025 VLDB 5.6229105e-05
7,023 Accelerating Graph Indexing for ANNS on Modern CPUs 2025 SIGMOD 5.6026129e-05
7,286 Subspace Collision: An Efficient and Accurate Framework for High-dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 5.5493084e-05
7,326 RWalks: Random Walks as Attribute Diffusers for Filtered Vector Search 2025 SIGMOD 5.5375978e-05
7,610 Scalable Graph Indexing using GPUs for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.4683985e-05
7,719 VSAG: An Optimized Search Framework for Graph-based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 5.4543461e-05
8,364 Fast Graph Vector Search via Hardware Acceleration and Delayed-Synchronization Traversal 2025 VLDB 5.3304544e-05
8,699 Enabling Window-Based Monotonic Graph Analytics with Reusable Transitional Results for Pattern-Consistent Queries 2024 VLDB 5.2717835e-05
8,838 HAKES: Scalable Vector Database for Embedding Search Service 2025 VLDB 5.2523063e-05
9,060 Cost-Effective, Low Latency Vector Search with Azure Cosmos DB 2025 VLDB 5.21427e-05
9,168 DARTH: Declarative Recall Through Early Termination for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.2026953e-05
9,478 Odyssey: A Journey in the Land of Distributed Data Series Similarity Search 2023 VLDB 5.1576017e-05
9,593 Distribution-Aware Exploration for Adaptive HNSW Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.1376962e-05
9,596 LeaFi: Data Series Indexes on Steroids with Learned Filters 2025 SIGMOD 5.1376962e-05
10,162 DIDS: Double Indices and Double Summarizations for Fast Similarity Search 2024 VLDB 5.0579479e-05
10,323 This is Going to Sound Crazy, But What If We Used Large Language Models to Boost Automatic Database Tuning Algorithms By Leveraging Prior History? We Will Find Better Configurations More Quickly Than Retraining From Scratch! 2026 SIGMOD 5.0241309e-05
10,356 Dynamically Detect and Fix Hardness for Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.0156513e-05
10,503 CMANNS: GPU-Accelerated Graph Index Construction for ANNS via Compute-Memory Disaggregation 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,521 Efficient Index Layout and Search Strategy for Large-scale High-dimensional Vector Similarity Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,586 TaCo: Data-adaptive and Query-aware Subspace Collision for High-dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,709 Efficient Vector Index Merging in Vector Databases 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,768 SVFusion: A CPU-GPU Co-Processing Architecture for Large-Scale Real-Time Vector Search 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,780 Quantization Meets Projection: A Happy Marriage for Approximate k-Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,797 I/O Optimizations for Graph-Based Disk-Resident Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: A Design Space Exploration 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,898 Sparse Neighborhood Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search Revisited: Theoretical Analysis and Optimization 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,900 RNSG: A Range-Aware Graph Index for Efficient Range-Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,907 HEXA: A Disjoint-Subgraph-Based Indexing Framework for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search at Billion Scale 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,970 ANNiE: A Learned Query Cost Estimator for Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,145 MS-Index: Fast Top-k Subsequence Search for Multivariate Time Series under Euclidean Distance 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 29 of 29 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2 R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure For Spatial Searching 1984 SIGMOD 0.0019892478
4 The R*-tree: An Efficient and Robust Access Method for Points and Rectangles 1990 SIGMOD 0.0011386412
42 Fast Subsequence Matching in Time-Series Databases 1994 SIGMOD 0.00045609336
56 M-tree: An Efficient Access Method for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces 1997 VLDB 0.0004024707
75 Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search With The Navigating Spreading-out Graph 2019 VLDB 0.00037163157
198 Locally Adaptive Dimensionality Reduction for Indexing Large Time Series Databases 2001 SIGMOD 0.00025558119
286 Query-Aware Locality-Sensitive Hashing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2016 VLDB 0.00022090962
335 A Comprehensive Survey and Experimental Comparison of Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2021 VLDB 0.0002067515
459 Distributed Representations of Tuples for Entity Resolution 2018 VLDB 0.00017863654
562 SRS: Solving c-Approximate Nearest Neighbor Queries in High Dimensional Euclidean Space with a Tiny Index 2015 VLDB 0.00016344855
650 HD-Index: Pushing the Scalability-Accuracy Boundary for Approximate kNN Search in High-Dimensional Spaces 2018 VLDB 0.00015142453
832 Similarity-Based Queries for Time Series Data 1997 SIGMOD 0.00013562724
837 Improving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search through Learned Adaptive Early Termination 2020 SIGMOD 0.00013530806
1,098 A Data-adaptive and Dynamic Segmentation Index for Whole Matching on Time Series 2013 VLDB 0.00012016918
1,325 LSH Ensemble: Internet-Scale Domain Search 2016 VLDB 0.000110184
1,636 SAND: Streaming Subsequence Anomaly Detection 2021 VLDB 9.9985086e-05
1,950 TSB-UAD: An End-to-End Benchmark Suite for Univariate Time-Series Anomaly Detection 2022 VLDB 9.303437e-05
2,097 Open Data Integration 2018 VLDB 9.0397587e-05
2,388 Series2Graph: Graph-based Subsequence Anomaly Detection for Time Series 2020 VLDB 8.52352e-05
2,733 Return of the Lernaean Hydra: Experimental Evaluation of Data Series Approximate Similarity Search 2020 VLDB 8.0653682e-05
2,879 The Lernaean Hydra of Data Series Similarity Search: An Experimental Evaluation of the State of the Art 2019 VLDB 7.8951769e-05
3,065 New Trends in High-D Vector Similarity Search: AI-driven, Progressive, and Distributed 2021 VLDB 7.6759702e-05
3,311 Volume Under the Surface: A New Accuracy Evaluation Measure for Time-Series Anomaly Detection 2022 VLDB 7.4166167e-05
3,521 Scalable, Variable-Length Similarity Search in Data Series: The ULISSE Approach 2018 VLDB 7.2177846e-05
4,321 Data Series Progressive Similarity Search with Probabilistic Quality Guarantees 2020 SIGMOD 6.6519404e-05
5,335 Hercules Against Data Series Similarity Search 2022 VLDB 6.1613957e-05
6,076 High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search: From Time Series to Deep Network Embeddings 2020 SIGMOD 5.8774917e-05
6,621 Dumpy: A Compact and Adaptive Index for Large Data Series Collections 2023 SIGMOD 5.7145251e-05
9,478 Odyssey: A Journey in the Land of Distributed Data Series Similarity Search 2023 VLDB 5.1576017e-05
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# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
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4 2,885 Graph-Based Vector Search: An Experimental Evaluation of the State-of-the-Art 2025 SIGMOD
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8 10,162 DIDS: Double Indices and Double Summarizations for Fast Similarity Search 2024 VLDB
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