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Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer

Summary: Neo (Neural Optimizer) uses deep neural networks to generate query execution plans, offering a learning-based alternative to hand-tuned optimizers. Bootstrapped from traditional optimizers, it learns from live queries, adapts to data patterns, is robust to estimation errors, and can match or surpass state-of-the-art engines. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
hb5f47951a0efd824
Venue
VLDB
Year
2019
Pagerank
0.0002908188
Overall Rank
145 | 99.03%
DOI
10.14778/3342263.3342644

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{marcus_vldb19,
        title = {{Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer}},
        author = {Marcus, Ryan and Negi, Parimarjan and Mao, Hongzi and Zhang, Chi and Alizadeh, Mohammad and Kraska, Tim and Papaemmanouil, Olga and Tatbul, Nesime},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '19},
        volume = {12},
        number = {11},
        pages = {1705--1718},
        doi = {10.14778/3342263.3342644},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3342263.3342644},
        year = {2019}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 179 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
4,457 Lightweight and Accurate Cardinality Estimation by Neural Network Gaussian Process 2022 SIGMOD 6.5913732e-05
4,468 Real-time Workload Pattern Analysis for Large-scale Cloud Databases 2023 VLDB 6.5863349e-05
4,538 One Model to Rule them All: Towards Zero-Shot Learning for Databases 2022 CIDR 6.553705e-05
4,563 Warper: Efficiently Adapting Learned Cardinality Estimators to Data and Workload Drifts 2022 SIGMOD 6.5320994e-05
4,683 AutoSteer: Learned Query Optimization for Any SQL Database 2023 VLDB 6.4716143e-05
4,707 PreQR: Pre-training Representation for SQL Understanding 2022 SIGMOD 6.4587914e-05
4,711 Learned Index Benefits: Machine Learning Based Index Performance Estimation 2022 VLDB 6.4573842e-05
4,741 Machine Learning for Databases 2021 VLDB 6.4410027e-05
5,003 COMPASS: Online Sketch-based Query Optimization for In-Memory Databases 2021 SIGMOD 6.3188773e-05
5,039 Leveraging Query Logs and Machine Learning for Parametric Query Optimization 2022 VLDB 6.3023214e-05
5,041 LSched: A Workload-Aware Learned Query Scheduler for Analytical Database Systems 2022 SIGMOD 6.3006152e-05
5,058 Fine-Grained Modeling and Optimization for Intelligent Resource Management in Big Data Processing 2022 VLDB 6.2926774e-05
5,110 Steering Query Optimizers: A Practical Take on Big Data Workloads 2021 SIGMOD 6.269351e-05
5,126 Monotonic Cardinality Estimation of Similarity Selection: A Deep Learning Approach 2020 SIGMOD 6.261175e-05
5,214 Stage: Query Execution Time Prediction in Amazon Redshift 2024 SIGMOD 6.2248104e-05
5,241 FASTgres: Making Learned Query Optimizer Hinting Effective 2023 VLDB 6.2154384e-05
5,357 Can Large Language Models Predict Data Correlations from Column Names? 2023 VLDB 6.1619918e-05
5,456 Eraser: Eliminating Performance Regression on Learned Query Optimizer 2024 VLDB 6.1239873e-05
5,481 A Comparative Study and Component Analysis of Query Plan Representation Techniques in ML4DB Studies 2024 VLDB 6.1125124e-05
5,649 Sample-Efficient Cardinality Estimation Using Geometric Deep Learning 2024 VLDB 6.052326e-05
5,716 Detect, Distill and Update: Learned DB Systems Facing Out of Distribution Data 2023 SIGMOD 6.0194657e-05
5,788 Lemo: A Cache-Enhanced Learned Optimizer for Concurrent Queries 2023 SIGMOD 5.9947442e-05
5,840 Pre-training Summarization Models of Structured Datasets for Cardinality Estimation 2022 VLDB 5.9737703e-05
5,865 Modeling Shifting Workloads for Learned Database Systems 2024 SIGMOD 5.9659203e-05
5,871 PilotScope: Steering Databases with Machine Learning Drivers 2024 VLDB 5.9639223e-05
5,902 Yannakakis+: Practical Acyclic Query Evaluation with Theoretical Guarantees 2025 SIGMOD 5.9536872e-05
5,908 Quantum-Inspired Digital Annealing for Join Ordering 2024 VLDB 5.9506986e-05
5,974 Towards instance-optimized data systems 2021 VLDB 5.9305575e-05
6,141 Expand your Training Limits! Generating Training Data for ML-based Data Management 2021 SIGMOD 5.8733296e-05
6,282 Mosaic: A Sample-Based Database System for Open World Query Processing 2020 CIDR 5.8237283e-05
6,308 Is Your Learned Query Optimizer Behaving As You Expect? A Machine Learning Perspective 2024 VLDB 5.8177833e-05
6,416 A Unified Transferable Model for ML-Enhanced DBMS 2022 CIDR 5.7920805e-05
6,576 Towards Query Optimizer as a Service (QOaaS) in a Unified LakeHouse Ecosystem: Can One QO Rule Them All? 2025 CIDR 5.7448779e-05
6,586 Can Large Language Models Be Query Optimizer for Relational Databases? 2026 SIGMOD 5.7430662e-05
6,632 Join Order Selection with Deep Reinforcement Learning: Fundamentals, Techniques, and Challenges 2023 VLDB 5.7270153e-05
6,660 Speeding Up End-to-end Query Execution via Learning-based Progressive Cardinality Estimation 2023 SIGMOD 5.7178404e-05
6,710 Simple Adaptive Query Processing vs. Learned Query Optimizers: Observations and Analysis 2023 VLDB 5.7019157e-05
6,753 Multi-Tenant Cloud Data Services: State-of-the-Art, Challenges and Opportunities 2022 SIGMOD 5.6904085e-05
6,791 dbET: Execution Time Distribution-based Plan Selection 2023 SIGMOD 5.6811782e-05
6,818 ASM: Harmonizing Autoregressive Model, Sampling, and Multi-dimensional Statistics Merging for Cardinality Estimation 2024 SIGMOD 5.672718e-05
6,884 LPLM: A Neural Language Model for Cardinality Estimation of LIKE-Queries 2024 SIGMOD 5.6563432e-05
7,018 SALI: A Scalable Adaptive Learned Index Framework based on Probability Models 2023 SIGMOD 5.619958e-05
7,033 Rethinking Learned Cost Models: Why Start from Scratch? 2023 SIGMOD 5.6168499e-05
7,157 Sibyl: Forecasting Time-Evolving Query Workloads 2024 SIGMOD 5.5972283e-05
7,217 Refactoring Index Tuning Process with Benefit Estimation 2024 VLDB 5.5834823e-05
7,236 RCRank: Multimodal Ranking of Root Causes of Slow Queries in Cloud Database Systems 2025 VLDB 5.5790509e-05
7,332 Selectivity Functions of Range Queries are Learnable* 2022 SIGMOD 5.5499953e-05
7,341 Scalable Multi-Query Execution using Reinforcement Learning 2021 SIGMOD 5.5481233e-05
7,363 PerfGuard: Deploying ML-for-Systems without Performance Regressions, Almost! 2021 VLDB 5.5418564e-05
7,367 ADOPT: Adaptively Optimizing Attribute Orders for Worst-Case Optimal Join Algorithms via Reinforcement Learning 2023 VLDB 5.5411636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 14 of 14 cited papers.

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