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Sample-Efficient Cardinality Estimation Using Geometric Deep Learning

Summary: A sample-efficient learned cardinality estimator uses geometric deep learning over join graphs, predicate feature-selection encodings, and relational-algebra/three-valued-logic regularization without extra labels. It improves PostgreSQL end-to-end runtime under sparse training and workload shifts. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
h9bb7a243c52284e3
Venue
VLDB
Year
2024
Pagerank
6.052326e-05
Overall Rank
5,649 | 62.03%
DOI
10.14778/3636218.3636229

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{reiner_vldb24,
        title = {{Sample-Efficient Cardinality Estimation Using Geometric Deep Learning}},
        author = {Reiner, Silvan and Grossniklaus, Michael},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '24},
        volume = {17},
        number = {4},
        pages = {740--752},
        doi = {10.14778/3636218.3636229},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3636218.3636229},
        year = {2024}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 15 of 15 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
5,683 How Good are Learned Cost Models, Really? Insights from Query Optimization Tasks 2025 SIGMOD 6.0392183e-05
8,332 Learned Offline Query Planning via Bayesian Optimization 2025 SIGMOD 5.3528188e-05
8,879 Spatial Query Optimization With Learning 2024 VLDB 5.2568354e-05
9,300 GenJoin: Conditional Generative Plan-to-Plan Query Optimizer that Learns from Subplan Hints 2026 SIGMOD 5.1987909e-05
9,546 Athena: An Effective Learning-based Framework for Query Optimizer Performance Improvement 2025 SIGMOD 5.1604755e-05
9,670 Low Rank Learning for Offline Query Optimization 2025 SIGMOD 5.1452097e-05
9,718 A Practical Theory of Generalization in Selectivity Learning 2025 VLDB 5.1353964e-05
9,797 NeuSO: Neural Optimizer for Subgraph Queries 2026 SIGMOD 5.1257999e-05
9,956 Graph Transformers for Query Plan Representation: Potentials and Challenges 2025 VLDB 5.1038322e-05
10,057 SPACE: Cardinality Estimation for Path Queries Using Cardinality-Aware Sequence-based Learning 2025 SIGMOD 5.0875952e-05
10,627 CorrBound: Cardinality Estimation Accounting for Inter- and Intra-relation Correlations 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,700 Sample-based Distinct Cardinality Estimation for Multiple Attributes in Multi-Dataset Queries 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,741 OBELISK: Efficient Offline Query Planning with Bayesian Optimization-Informed Language Model Reasoning 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,802 BaCon: Efficient Batch Processing of Counting Queries 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,453 RankPQO: Learning-to-Rank for Parametric Query Optimization 2025 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 26 of 26 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
15 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00061066921
85 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00035864347
145 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.0002908188
318 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00021167555
362 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00019989474
386 Preventing Bad Plans by Bounding the Impact of Cardinality Estimation Errors 2009 VLDB 0.00019444411
406 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00019045544
461 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.00017829982
512 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00017050173
692 Selectivity Estimation for Range Predicates using Lightweight Models 2019 VLDB 0.00014741011
982 Cardinality Estimation in DBMS: A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluation 2022 VLDB 0.00012714044
1,064 Are We Ready For Learned Cardinality Estimation? 2021 VLDB 0.00012202282
1,199 Balsa: Learning a Query Optimizer Without Expert Demonstrations 2022 SIGMOD 0.00011563985
1,515 DSB: A Decision Support Benchmark for Workload-Driven and Traditional Database Systems 2021 VLDB 0.00010417728
1,734 Flow-Loss: Learning Cardinality Estimates That Matter 2021 VLDB 9.7545773e-05
2,004 FLAT: Fast, Lightweight and Accurate Method for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 9.2065719e-05
2,210 Lero: A Learning-to-Rank Query Optimizer 2023 VLDB 8.8257742e-05
2,250 QueryFormer: A Tree Transformer Model for Query Plan Representation 2022 VLDB 8.7533306e-05
2,342 Learned Cardinality Estimation: An In-depth Study 2022 SIGMOD 8.6060437e-05
2,583 Fauce: Fast and Accurate Deep Ensembles with Uncertainty for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 8.2589758e-05
2,690 Cost-based or Learning-based? A Hybrid Query Optimizer for Query Plan Selection 2022 VLDB 8.1258173e-05
2,846 FactorJoin: A New Cardinality Estimation Framework for Join Queries 2023 SIGMOD 7.9453616e-05
2,885 Zero-Shot Cost Models for Out-of-the-box Learned Cost Prediction 2022 VLDB 7.9094988e-05
3,327 Robust Query Driven Cardinality Estimation under Changing Workloads 2023 VLDB 7.4207879e-05
3,487 LOGER: A Learned Optimizer towards Generating Efficient and Robust Query Execution Plans 2023 VLDB 7.263041e-05
6,416 A Unified Transferable Model for ML-Enhanced DBMS 2022 CIDR 5.7920805e-05
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