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Stage: Query Execution Time Prediction in Amazon Redshift

Summary: Stage is a hierarchical predictor for Redshift, combining a cache, a per-instance light model with uncertainty, and a global transferable model. It mitigates cold starts and workload shifts, delivering ~20% lower latency with practical inference and memory. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h25cd3c28d011c209
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2024
Pagerank
6.2248104e-05
Overall Rank
5,214 | 64.95%
DOI
10.1145/3626246.3653391

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{wu_sigmod24,
        title = {{Stage: Query Execution Time Prediction in Amazon Redshift}},
        author = {Wu, Ziniu and Marcus, Ryan and Liu, Zhengchun and Negi, Parimarjan and Nathan, Vikram and Pfeil, Pascal and Saxena, Gaurav and Rahman, Mohammad and Narayanaswamy, Balakrishnan and Kraska, Tim},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '24},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3626246.3653391},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3626246.3653391},
        year = {2024}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 21 of 21 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
7,460 T3: Accurate and Fast Performance Prediction for Relational Database Systems With Compiled Decision Trees 2025 SIGMOD 5.5215755e-05
7,864 Blueprinting the Cloud: Unifying and Automatically Optimizing Cloud Data Infrastructures with BRAD 2024 VLDB 5.4367919e-05
7,977 The Holon Approach for Simultaneously Tuning Multiple Components in a Self-Driving Database Management System with Machine Learning via Synthesized Proto-Actions 2024 VLDB 5.4142519e-05
8,636 PBench: Workload Synthesizer with Real Statistics for Cloud Analytics Benchmarking 2025 VLDB 5.2981619e-05
8,983 Resource-Adaptive Query Execution with Paged Memory Management 2025 CIDR 5.2433703e-05
9,133 Hit the Gym: Accelerating Query Execution to Efficiently Bootstrap Behavior Models for Self-Driving Database Management Systems 2024 VLDB 5.2229655e-05
9,637 QURE: AI-Assisted and Automatically Verified UDF Inlining 2025 SIGMOD 5.1462239e-05
9,670 Low Rank Learning for Offline Query Optimization 2025 SIGMOD 5.1452097e-05
9,956 Graph Transformers for Query Plan Representation: Potentials and Challenges 2025 VLDB 5.1038322e-05
10,148 Improving DBMS Scheduling Decisions with Accurate Performance Prediction on Concurrent Queries 2025 VLDB 5.0715586e-05
10,310 veDB-HTAP: a Highly Integrated, Efficient and Adaptive HTAP System 2025 VLDB 5.0386264e-05
10,350 Survivorship Bias in Industrial Database Workloads 2026 CIDR 4.9793485e-05
10,448 EncoderForge: Generating Efficient SQL for Encoders in Machine Learning Inference Pipelines 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,691 The Case For Language Model Approximated LIKE Predicate 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,741 OBELISK: Efficient Offline Query Planning with Bayesian Optimization-Informed Language Model Reasoning 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,909 Incremental Query Optimizer Statistics in Amazon Redshift 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,941 Ultron: History-Based Query Optimization at Databricks 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,055 SafeLoad: Efficient Admission Control Framework for Identifying Memory-Overloading Queries in Cloud Data Warehouses 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,069 KEN: An Execution Engine for Unstructured Database Systems 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,072 Libra: One-Shot Parameter Sensitivity Estimation for Transfer Learning in Database Performance Prediction 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,425 Learned Cost Models for Query Optimization: From Batch to Streaming Systems 2025 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 31 of 31 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
40 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00046284649
78 Automatic Database Management System Tuning Through Large-scale Machine Learning 2017 SIGMOD 0.00036684414
123 Schism: a Workload-Driven Approach to Database Replication and Partitioning 2010 VLDB 0.00030762995
145 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.0002908188
318 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00021167555
362 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00019989474
386 Preventing Bad Plans by Bounding the Impact of Cardinality Estimation Errors 2009 VLDB 0.00019444411
461 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.00017829982
512 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00017050173
560 Plan-Structured Deep Neural Network Models for Query Performance Prediction 2019 VLDB 0.00016403151
680 Amazon Redshift Re-invented 2022 SIGMOD 0.00014828697
682 Robust Estimation of Resource Consumption for SQL Queries using Statistical Techniques 2012 VLDB 0.0001481781
868 Learning Multi-dimensional Indexes 2020 SIGMOD 0.00013354403
982 Cardinality Estimation in DBMS: A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluation 2022 VLDB 0.00012714044
1,051 Tiresias: The Database Oracle for How-To Queries 2012 SIGMOD 0.00012279821
1,191 Tsunami: A Learned Multi-dimensional Index for Correlated Data and Skewed Workloads 2021 VLDB 0.00011590153
1,199 Balsa: Learning a Query Optimizer Without Expert Demonstrations 2022 SIGMOD 0.00011563985
1,279 AI Meets AI: Leveraging Query Executions to Improve Index Recommendations 2019 SIGMOD 0.00011226878
1,800 SkinnerDB: Regret-Bounded Query Evaluation via Reinforcement Learning 2018 VLDB 9.6093317e-05
2,004 FLAT: Fast, Lightweight and Accurate Method for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 9.2065719e-05
2,137 Quickstep: A Data Platform Based on the Scaling-Up Approach 2018 VLDB 8.9777553e-05
2,842 Query Performance Prediction for Concurrent Queries using Graph Embedding 2020 VLDB 7.949193e-05
2,846 FactorJoin: A New Cardinality Estimation Framework for Join Queries 2023 SIGMOD 7.9453616e-05
2,885 Zero-Shot Cost Models for Out-of-the-box Learned Cost Prediction 2022 VLDB 7.9094988e-05
2,981 WiSeDB: A Learning-based Workload Management Advisor for Cloud Databases 2016 VLDB 7.7851845e-05
3,327 Robust Query Driven Cardinality Estimation under Changing Workloads 2023 VLDB 7.4207879e-05
3,563 Auto-WLM: Machine Learning Enhanced Workload Management in Amazon Redshift 2023 SIGMOD 7.2042148e-05
4,388 Self-Tuning Query Scheduling for Analytical Workloads 2021 SIGMOD 6.6228033e-05
4,566 HYPER: Hypothetical Reasoning With What-If and How-To Queries Using a Probabilistic Causal Approach 2022 SIGMOD 6.5310568e-05
5,058 Fine-Grained Modeling and Optimization for Intelligent Resource Management in Big Data Processing 2022 VLDB 6.2926774e-05
5,241 FASTgres: Making Learned Query Optimizer Hinting Effective 2023 VLDB 6.2154384e-05
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