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ALECE: An Attention-based Learned Cardinality Estimator for SPJ Queries on Dynamic Workloads

Summary: ALECE uses attention over learned data aggregations and query representations to capture attribute correlations for SPJ cardinality estimation under dynamic workloads. Integrated with PostgreSQL, it substantially outperforms traditional and learned estimators, approaching optimal plan performance. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
13620
Venue
VLDB
Year
2024
Pagerank
6.7504619e-05
Overall Rank
4,349 | 70.17%
DOI
10.14778/3626292.3626302

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{li_vldb24,
        title = {{ALECE: An Attention-based Learned Cardinality Estimator for SPJ Queries on Dynamic Workloads}},
        author = {Li, Pengfei and Wei, Wenqing and Zhu, Rong and Ding, Bolin and Zhou, Jingren and Lu, Hua},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '24},
        volume = {17},
        number = {2},
        pages = {197--210},
        doi = {10.14778/3626292.3626302},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3626292.3626302},
        year = {2024}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 22 of 22 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
8,163 Learned Offline Query Planning via Bayesian Optimization 2025 SIGMOD 5.4751517e-05
8,221 NeurDB: On the Design and Implementation of an AI-powered Autonomous Database 2025 CIDR 5.4640314e-05
8,572 T3: Accurate and Fast Performance Prediction for Relational Database Systems With Compiled Decision Trees 2025 SIGMOD 5.4102362e-05
8,850 Learning-based Property Estimation with Polynomials 2024 SIGMOD 5.3577504e-05
9,047 SQL-Factory: A Multi-Agent Framework for High-Quality and Large-Scale SQL Generation 2026 VLDB 5.3251649e-05
9,428 LIMAO: A Framework for Lifelong Modular Learned Query Optimization 2025 VLDB 5.2709145e-05
9,601 Low Rank Learning for Offline Query Optimization 2025 SIGMOD 5.2487799e-05
9,617 NeuSO: Neural Optimizer for Subgraph Queries 2026 SIGMOD 5.2434488e-05
9,626 Spatial Query Optimization With Learning 2024 VLDB 5.2434488e-05
9,958 A Practical Theory of Generalization in Selectivity Learning 2025 VLDB 5.1879626e-05
9,971 Athena: An Effective Learning-based Framework for Query Optimizer Performance Improvement 2025 SIGMOD 5.1845938e-05
10,028 PRICE: A Pretrained Model for Cross-Database Cardinality Estimation 2025 VLDB 5.1745962e-05
10,196 Are Learned DBMS Components Robust to Workload Drift?: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,272 NeurBench: A Benchmark Suite for Learned Database Components with Drift Modeling: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,505 The Case For Language Model Approximated LIKE Predicate 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,774 PLM4NDV: Minimizing Data Access for Number of Distinct Values Estimation with Pre-trained Language Models 2025 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,806 AdaNDV: Adaptive Number of Distinct Value Estimation via Learning to Select and Fuse Estimators 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,851 ACE: A Cardinality Estimator for Set-Valued Queries 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,875 Data-Agnostic Cardinality Learning from Imperfect Workloads 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,083 Graph Transformers for Query Plan Representation: Potentials and Challenges 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,091 LEAP: A Low-cost Spark SQL Query Optimizer using Pairwise Comparison 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,196 A Universal Sketch for Estimating Heavy Hitters and Per-Element Frequency Moments in Data Streams with Bounded Deletions 2024 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 35 of 35 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1 Access Path Selection in a Relational Database Management System 1979 SIGMOD 0.0024089429
54 On Random Sampling over Joins 1999 SIGMOD 0.00040810225
84 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00035838391
100 LEO - DB2's LEarning Optimizer 2001 VLDB 0.00034385207
101 Selectivity Estimation Without the Attribute Value Independence Assumption 1997 VLDB 0.00034376651
280 Selectivity Estimation using Probabilistic Models 2001 SIGMOD 0.00022454217
323 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00021264788
365 STHoles: A Multidimensional Workload-Aware Histogram 2001 SIGMOD 0.00020041735
388 Preventing Bad Plans by Bounding the Impact of Cardinality Estimation Errors 2009 VLDB 0.00019410042
401 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00019092557
513 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00017190574
593 Wander Join: Online Aggregation via Random Walks 2016 SIGMOD 0.00016027871
692 Independence is Good: Dependency-Based Histogram Synopses for High-Dimensional Data 2001 SIGMOD 0.00014919816
697 Selectivity Estimation for Range Predicates using Lightweight Models 2019 VLDB 0.00014888851
802 Random Sampling over Joins Revisited 2018 SIGMOD 0.00013907725
850 Approximating Multi-Dimensional Aggregate Range Queries Over Real Attributes 2000 SIGMOD 0.00013619394
1,061 Are We Ready For Learned Cardinality Estimation? 2021 VLDB 0.00012369764
1,071 Lightweight Graphical Models for Selectivity Estimation Without Independence Assumptions 2011 VLDB 0.00012322342
1,122 Cardinality Estimation in DBMS: A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluation 2022 VLDB 0.0001209124
1,468 Towards a Learning Optimizer for Shared Clouds 2019 VLDB 0.00010686496
1,664 Two-Level Sampling for Join Size Estimation 2017 SIGMOD 0.00010070362
1,876 Flow-Loss: Learning Cardinality Estimates That Matter 2021 VLDB 9.5717543e-05
1,988 FLAT: Fast, Lightweight and Accurate Method for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 9.3501502e-05
2,203 Estimating Join Selectivities using Bandwidth-Optimized Kernel Density Models 2017 VLDB 8.9610447e-05
2,620 Fauce: Fast and Accurate Deep Ensembles with Uncertainty for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 8.3363963e-05
2,723 Learned Cardinality Estimation: A Design Space Exploration and A Comparative Evaluation 2022 VLDB 8.2049453e-05
2,991 FactorJoin: A New Cardinality Estimation Framework for Join Queries 2023 SIGMOD 7.8880723e-05
3,086 A Unified Deep Model of Learning from both Data and Queries for Cardinality Estimation 2021 SIGMOD 7.7708642e-05
3,338 Robust Query Driven Cardinality Estimation under Changing Workloads 2023 VLDB 7.5068221e-05
3,688 FACE: A Normalizing Flow based Cardinality Estimator 2022 VLDB 7.201795e-05
4,368 Lightweight and Accurate Cardinality Estimation by Neural Network Gaussian Process 2022 SIGMOD 6.7393882e-05
6,206 Combining Aggregation and Sampling (Nearly) Optimally for Approximate Query Processing 2021 SIGMOD 5.9443409e-05
6,357 A Unified Transferable Model for ML-Enhanced DBMS 2022 CIDR 5.9020843e-05
7,256 Weighted Distinct Sampling: Cardinality Estimation for SPJ Queries 2021 SIGMOD 5.6625146e-05
7,388 Synopses for Query Optimization: A Space-Complexity Perspective 2004 PODS 5.6268292e-05
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