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LINE: A Learned Index with Group-Enhanced Leaves and Cache-Optimized Inner Tree

Summary: LINE combines linear-model group-enhanced leaves with in-group hashing for locally hard distributions and a cache-aware PLA-built inner tree for global skew. Group-wise SMO migration reduces worst-case tail latency, delivering up to 5.8× improvement. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 26 2026)

Paper ID
7453
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2026
Pagerank
5.093636e-05
Overall Rank
10,262 | 29.60%
DOI
10.1145/3802080

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Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{chen_sigmod26,
        title = {{LINE: A Learned Index with Group-Enhanced Leaves and Cache-Optimized Inner Tree}},
        author = {Chen, Leying and Chen, Shimin},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '26},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3802080},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3802080},
        year = {2026}
}

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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 31 of 31 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
43 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00046060254
447 ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index 2020 SIGMOD 0.00018322593
477 The PGM-index: a fully-dynamic compressed learned index with provable worst-case bounds 2020 VLDB 0.00017851226
568 SageDB: A Learned Database System 2019 CIDR 0.0001641553
790 FITing-Tree: A Data-aware Index Structure 2019 SIGMOD 0.0001401445
873 Learning Multi-dimensional Indexes 2020 SIGMOD 0.00013481915
1,174 Tsunami: A Learned Multi-dimensional Index for Correlated Data and Skewed Workloads 2021 VLDB 0.00011817414
1,390 Building a Bw-Tree Takes More Than Just Buzz Words 2018 SIGMOD 0.00010942775
1,418 LISA: A Learned Index Structure for Spatial Data 2020 SIGMOD 0.00010835539
1,551 Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions 2021 VLDB 0.00010381398
1,823 LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory 2020 VLDB 9.6739945e-05
1,840 Effectively Learning Spatial Indices 2020 VLDB 9.6404567e-05
2,233 FINEdex: A Fine-grained Learned Index Scheme for Scalable and Concurrent Memory Systems 2022 VLDB 8.8968964e-05
2,806 Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready? 2022 VLDB 8.1013097e-05
2,910 APEX: A High-Performance Learned Index on Persistent Memory 2022 VLDB 7.9700885e-05
3,152 CDFShop: Exploring and Optimizing Learned Index Structures 2020 SIGMOD 7.7003613e-05
3,729 CARMI: A Cache-Aware Learned Index with a Cost-based Construction Algorithm 2022 VLDB 7.1683974e-05
3,792 Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation 2023 VLDB 7.1220982e-05
4,300 DILI: A Distribution-Driven Learned Index 2023 VLDB 6.773869e-05
4,414 NFL: Robust Learned Index via Distribution Transformation 2022 VLDB 6.7159984e-05
4,578 PLIN: A Persistent Learned Index for Non-Volatile Memory with High Performance and Instant Recovery 2023 VLDB 6.6210545e-05
4,780 Can Learned Models Replace Hash Functions? 2023 VLDB 6.5118885e-05
5,234 MxTasks: How to Make Efficient Synchronization and Prefetching Easy 2021 SIGMOD 6.3051801e-05
5,447 FILM: a Fully Learned Index for Larger-than-Memory Databases 2023 VLDB 6.2149491e-05
6,874 SALI: A Scalable Adaptive Learned Index Framework based on Probability Models 2023 SIGMOD 5.7489487e-05
7,224 LITS: An Optimized Learned Index for Strings 2024 VLDB 5.6675134e-05
7,392 Hyper: A High-Performance and Memory-Efficient Learned Index via Hybrid Construction 2024 SIGMOD 5.6265456e-05
8,048 WISK: A Workload-aware Learned Index for Spatial Keyword Queries 2023 SIGMOD 5.5003171e-05
8,082 Pea Hash: A Performant Extendible Adaptive Hashing Index 2023 SIGMOD 5.4915503e-05
8,214 Tuning Hierarchical Learned Indexes on Disk and Beyond 2022 SIGMOD 5.4658344e-05
9,998 SWIX: A Memory-efficient Sliding Window Learned Index 2024 SIGMOD 5.1814573e-05
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