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PolarDB Serverless: A Cloud Native Database for Disaggregated Data Centers

Summary: PolarDB Serverless enables disaggregated data centers by decoupling CPU from remote memory and storage pools with on-demand provisioning. Optimistic locking and index-aware prefetching mitigate disaggregation penalties, yielding 5.3× faster recovery. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
hbe1ab040709a85c0
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2021
Pagerank
0.00011047549
Overall Rank
1,315 | 91.19%
DOI
10.1145/3448016.3457560

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{cao_sigmod21,
        title = {{PolarDB Serverless: A Cloud Native Database for Disaggregated Data Centers}},
        author = {Cao, Wei and Zhang, Yingqiang and Yang, Xinjun and Li, Feifei and Wang, Sheng and Hu, Qingda and Cheng, Xuntao and Chen, Zongzhi and Liu, Zhenjun and Fang, Jing and Wang, Bo and Wang, Yuhui and Sun, Haiqing and Yang, Ze and Cheng, Zhushi and Chen, Sen and Wu, Jian and Hu, Wei and Zhao, Jianwei and Gao, Yusong and Cai, Songlu and Zhang, Yunyang and Tong, Jiawang},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '21},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3448016.3457560},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3448016.3457560},
        year = {2021}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 53 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1,280 Manu: A Cloud Native Vector Database Management System 2022 VLDB 0.00011199537
1,854 Detecting Logic Bugs of Join Optimizations in DBMS 2023 SIGMOD 9.4858897e-05
1,974 Sherman: A Write-Optimized Distributed B+Tree Index on Disaggregated Memory 2022 SIGMOD 9.2725837e-05
3,202 HEDA: Multi-Attribute Unbounded Aggregation over Homomorphically Encrypted Database 2023 VLDB 7.5231322e-05
3,952 DINOMO: An Elastic, Scalable, High-Performance Key-Value Store for Disaggregated Persistent Memory 2022 VLDB 6.8878348e-05
4,044 The Case for Distributed Shared-Memory Databases with RDMA-Enabled Memory Disaggregation 2023 VLDB 6.820171e-05
4,058 Exploiting Cloud Object Storage for High-Performance Analytics 2023 VLDB 6.8134824e-05
5,192 PolarDB-IMCI: A Cloud-Native HTAP Database System at Alibaba 2023 SIGMOD 6.2209024e-05
5,208 PolarDB-MP: A Multi-Primary Cloud-Native Database via Disaggregated Shared Memory 2024 SIGMOD 6.215627e-05
5,312 Optimizing Data-intensive Systems in Disaggregated Data Centers with TELEPORT 2022 SIGMOD 6.1696365e-05
5,886 FlexChain: An Elastic Disaggregated Blockchain 2023 VLDB 5.9413089e-05
6,288 Is Scalable OLTP in the Cloud a Solved Problem? Analyzing Data Access for Distributed OLTP Architectures 2023 CIDR 5.8063583e-05
6,512 Operon: An Encrypted Database for Ownership-Preserving Data Management 2022 VLDB 5.7440191e-05
6,612 GaussDB: A Cloud-Native Multi-Primary Database with Compute-Memory-Storage Disaggregation 2024 VLDB 5.7175793e-05
6,805 CompuCache: Remote Computable Caching using Spot VMs 2022 CIDR 5.6612739e-05
6,903 Modernization of Databases in the Cloud Era: Building Databases that Run like Legos 2023 VLDB 5.6363403e-05
7,044 SepHash: A Write-Optimized Hash Index On Disaggregated Memory via Separate Segment Structure 2024 VLDB 5.5978251e-05
7,098 Understanding the Performance Implications of the Design Principles in Storage-Disaggregated Databases 2024 SIGMOD 5.5847531e-05
7,368 PolarDB-SCC: A Cloud-Native Database Ensuring Low Latency for Strongly Consistent Reads 2023 VLDB 5.526328e-05
7,770 Efficient Distributed Transaction Processing in Heterogeneous Networks 2023 VLDB 5.4391823e-05
7,837 CDSBen: Benchmarking the Performance of Storage Services in Cloud-native Database System at ByteDance 2023 VLDB 5.4276977e-05
7,965 Unlocking the Potential of CXL for Disaggregated Memory in Cloud-Native Databases 2025 SIGMOD 5.4007864e-05
8,050 NeurDB: On the Design and Implementation of an AI-powered Autonomous Database 2025 CIDR 5.3839177e-05
8,068 Cloud Databases: New Techniques, Challenges, and Opportunities 2022 VLDB 5.3809781e-05
8,437 Towards Buffer Management with Tiered Main Memory 2024 SIGMOD 5.315377e-05
8,597 Starry: Multi-master Transaction Processing on Semi-leader Architecture 2023 VLDB 5.2926286e-05
8,775 CXL Memory Performance for In-Memory Data Processing 2025 VLDB 5.2678044e-05
8,979 Tao: Improving Resource Utilization while Guaranteeing SLO in Multi-tenant Relational Database-as-a-Service 2024 SIGMOD 5.2330911e-05
9,228 Disaggregation: A New Architecture for Cloud Databases 2025 VLDB 5.1901886e-05
9,350 On-Demand State Separation for Cloud Data Warehousing 2022 VLDB 5.1762083e-05
9,490 CockroachDB Serverless: Sub-second Scaling from Zero with Multi-region Cluster Virtualization 2025 SIGMOD 5.1554124e-05
9,910 TimeCloth: Fast Point-in-Time Database Recovery in The Cloud 2024 SIGMOD 5.0983269e-05
9,989 CloudJump II: Optimizing Cloud Databases for Shared Storage 2025 SIGMOD 5.0845476e-05
10,113 VeriTxn: Verifiable Transactions for Cloud-Native Databases with Storage Disaggregation 2023 SIGMOD 5.0664623e-05
10,163 Eigen+: Memory Over-Subscription for Alibaba Cloud Databases 2025 SIGMOD 5.0577637e-05
10,293 From Scale-Up to Scale-Out: PolarDB’s Journey to Achieving 2 Billion tpmC 2025 VLDB 5.031399e-05
10,348 AnalyticDB-PG: A Cloud-native High-performance Data Warehouse in Alibaba Cloud 2025 VLDB 5.0195882e-05
10,387 CacheServer: Disaggregated Caching for Cloud Databases 2027 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,563 O3-LSM: Maximizing Disaggregated LSM Write Performance via Three-Layer Offloading 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,730 Making LSM-Tree-based Key-Value Store Practical and Efficient for Multi-Tenant Serverless Cloud Databases 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,855 Efficient, Scalable, and Fair Locking on Disaggregated Memory with Decentralized Coordination 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,865 Storage-Centric Relation Design via High-Quality Approximate Functional Dependencies 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,972 Enhancing Database Write Performance with the Write Operation Pushdown Framework 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,973 K2+: A Multi-Region OLTP Database with Disaggregated Storage for High Availability and Strong Consistency 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,000 Seron: Smart Query Router for Multi-Primary Cloud-Native Databases with Shared Storage 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,020 PolarKV: Tier Locally, Serve Globally- A KV Cache over Cloud Memory and Storage 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,133 Terark-DS: A High-Performance and Storage-Efficient Key-Value Separation Storage Engine on Disaggregated Storage 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,351 Concurrency Control as a Service 2025 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,361 Cache Coherence Over Disaggregated Memory 2025 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,494 Analyzing Near-Network Hardware Acceleration with Co-Processing on DPUs 2025 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 18 of 18 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
63 Amazon Aurora: Design Considerations for High Throughput Cloud-Native Relational Databases 2017 SIGMOD 0.00038609177
221 ARIES/KVL: A Key-Value Locking Method for Concurrency Control of Multiaction Transactions Operating on B-Tree Indexes 1990 VLDB 0.0002420049
543 Socrates: The New SQL Server in the Cloud 2019 SIGMOD 0.00016588324
1,048 Accelerating Relational Databases by Leveraging Remote Memory and RDMA 2016 SIGMOD 0.00012302514
1,221 PolarFS: An Ultra-low Latency and Failure Resilient Distributed File System for Shared Storage Cloud Database 2018 VLDB 0.00011449953
1,324 X-Engine: An Optimized Storage Engine for Large-scale E-commerce Transaction Processing 2019 SIGMOD 0.00011019001
1,349 The End of a Myth: Distributed Transactions Can Scale 2017 VLDB 0.00010940559
1,509 Cloud-Native Database Systems at Alibaba: Opportunities and Challenges 2019 VLDB 0.00010415166
1,589 YourSQL: A High-Performance Database System Leveraging In-Storage Computing 2016 VLDB 0.00010112634
1,724 Cache-Conscious Concurrency Control of Main-Memory Indexes on Shared-Memory Multiprocessor Systems 2001 VLDB 9.7779713e-05
1,782 Ibex—An Intelligent Storage Engine with Support for Advanced SQL Off-loading 2014 VLDB 9.6551269e-05
2,039 Efficient Distributed Memory Management with RDMA and Caching 2018 VLDB 9.1328154e-05
2,059 Efficient and Flexible Methods for Transient Versioning of Records to Avoid Locking by Read-Only Transactions 1992 SIGMOD 9.0923662e-05
2,336 Cache Fusion: Extending Shared-Disk Clusters with Shared Caches 2001 VLDB 8.6029209e-05
2,352 Understanding the Effect of Data Center Resource Disaggregation on Production DBMSs 2020 VLDB 8.5790132e-05
2,929 iBTune: Individualized Buffer Tuning for Large-scale Cloud Databases 2019 VLDB 7.830745e-05
4,877 Caribou: Intelligent Distributed Storage 2017 VLDB 6.3572866e-05
8,370 A system design for elastically scaling transaction processing engines in virtualized servers 2020 VLDB 5.3287859e-05
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Semantically Similar Papers

# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
1 9,989 CloudJump II: Optimizing Cloud Databases for Shared Storage 2025 SIGMOD
2 7,098 Understanding the Performance Implications of the Design Principles in Storage-Disaggregated Databases 2024 SIGMOD
3 9,228 Disaggregation: A New Architecture for Cloud Databases 2025 VLDB
4 5,192 PolarDB-IMCI: A Cloud-Native HTAP Database System at Alibaba 2023 SIGMOD
5 1,509 Cloud-Native Database Systems at Alibaba: Opportunities and Challenges 2019 VLDB
6 7,965 Unlocking the Potential of CXL for Disaggregated Memory in Cloud-Native Databases 2025 SIGMOD
7 6,903 Modernization of Databases in the Cloud Era: Building Databases that Run like Legos 2023 VLDB
8 10,293 From Scale-Up to Scale-Out: PolarDB’s Journey to Achieving 2 Billion tpmC 2025 VLDB
9 7,368 PolarDB-SCC: A Cloud-Native Database Ensuring Low Latency for Strongly Consistent Reads 2023 VLDB
10 5,208 PolarDB-MP: A Multi-Primary Cloud-Native Database via Disaggregated Shared Memory 2024 SIGMOD