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X-Engine: An Optimized Storage Engine for Large-scale E-commerce Transaction Processing

Summary: X-Engine: a write-optimized storage engine for large-scale OLTP in POLARDB, tackling promo-driven bursts and hot-record skew. Key ideas: tiered storage with LSM-tree, FPGA-accelerated compactions, asynchronous writes, and incremental cache replacement. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h5c540e693e3265f4
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2019
Pagerank
0.00011055196
Overall Rank
1,313 | 91.18%
DOI
10.1145/3299869.3314041

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{huang_sigmod19,
        title = {{X-Engine: An Optimized Storage Engine for Large-scale E-commerce Transaction Processing}},
        author = {Huang, Gui and Cheng, Xuntao and Wang, Jianying and Wang, Yujie and He, Dengcheng and Zhang, Tieying and Li, Feifei and Wang, Sheng and Cao, Wei and Li, Qiang},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '19},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3299869.3314041},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3299869.3314041},
        year = {2019}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 46 of 46 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1,343 PolarDB Serverless: A Cloud Native Database for Disaggregated Data Centers 2021 SIGMOD 0.00010959797
1,512 Cloud-Native Database Systems at Alibaba: Opportunities and Challenges 2019 VLDB 0.00010425349
1,856 LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory 2020 VLDB 9.4960518e-05
1,982 Chucky: A Succinct Cuckoo Filter for LSM-Tree 2021 SIGMOD 9.2570284e-05
2,771 Constructing and Analyzing the LSM Compaction Design Space 2021 VLDB 8.0338932e-05
2,788 Lethe: A Tunable Delete-Aware LSM Engine 2020 SIGMOD 8.0114055e-05
2,868 Spooky: Granulating LSM-Tree Compactions Correctly 2022 VLDB 7.9205462e-05
3,032 iBTune: Individualized Buffer Tuning for Large-scale Cloud Databases 2019 VLDB 7.7317595e-05
3,643 Nova-LSM: A Distributed, Component-based LSM-tree Key-value Store 2021 SIGMOD 7.1406131e-05
3,672 Leaper: A Learned Prefetcher for Cache Invalidation in LSM-tree based Storage Engines 2020 VLDB 7.1084283e-05
3,862 GaccO - A GPU-accelerated OLTP DBMS 2022 SIGMOD 6.9623352e-05
4,121 On Performance Stability in LSM-based Storage Systems 2020 VLDB 6.7915554e-05
4,261 MorphoSys: Automatic Physical Design Metamorphosis for Distributed Database Systems 2020 VLDB 6.6960399e-05
4,753 GRF: A Global Range Filter for LSM-Trees with Shape Encoding 2024 SIGMOD 6.4334982e-05
5,022 Breaking Down Memory Walls: Adaptive Memory Management in LSM-based Storage Systems 2021 VLDB 6.309271e-05
5,041 Dissecting, Designing, and Optimizing LSM-based Data Stores 2022 SIGMOD 6.2998284e-05
5,250 Endure: A Robust Tuning Paradigm for LSM Trees Under Workload Uncertainty 2022 VLDB 6.2092552e-05
5,291 PolarDB-IMCI: A Cloud-Native HTAP Database System at Alibaba 2023 SIGMOD 6.1915052e-05
5,614 Dotori: A Key-Value SSD Based KV Store 2023 VLDB 6.0641596e-05
6,074 Halo: A Hybrid PMem-DRAM Persistent Hash Index with Fast Recovery 2022 SIGMOD 5.8926486e-05
6,121 LSMGraph: A High-Performance Dynamic Graph Storage System with Multi-Level CSR 2024 SIGMOD 5.8779092e-05
6,123 Learning to Optimize LSM-trees: Towards A Reinforcement Learning based Key-Value Store for Dynamic Workloads 2023 SIGMOD 5.8771312e-05
6,239 Optimizing In-memory Database Engine for AI-powered On-line Decision Augmentation Using Persistent Memory 2021 VLDB 5.8381685e-05
6,499 Revisiting the Design of LSM-tree Based OLTP Storage Engine with Persistent Memory 2021 VLDB 5.7629005e-05
6,887 Modernization of Databases in the Cloud Era: Building Databases that Run like Legos 2023 VLDB 5.6542418e-05
7,211 Hardware Acceleration of Compression and Encryption in SAP HANA 2022 VLDB 5.5819096e-05
7,243 SaS: SSD as SQL Database System 2021 VLDB 5.5751486e-05
7,909 CAMAL: Optimizing LSM-trees via Active Learning 2024 SIGMOD 5.4266123e-05
8,228 ArceKV: Towards Workload-driven LSM-compactions for Key-Value Store Under Dynamic Workloads 2026 VLDB 5.3734043e-05
8,326 How to Grow an LSM-tree? Towards Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice 2025 SIGMOD 5.3522236e-05
8,538 SA-LSM: Optimize Data Layout for LSM-tree Based Storage using Survival Analysis 2022 VLDB 5.3197798e-05
8,619 Limousine: Blending Learned and Classical Indexes to Self-Design Larger-than-Memory Cloud Storage Engines 2024 SIGMOD 5.3001199e-05
8,647 Mnemosyne: Dynamic Workload-Aware BF Tuning via Accurate Statistics in LSM trees 2025 SIGMOD 5.2947307e-05
8,812 SwiftSpatial: Spatial Joins on Modern Hardware 2025 SIGMOD 5.270772e-05
9,064 Aster: Enhancing LSM-structures for Scalable Graph Database 2025 SIGMOD 5.2270607e-05
9,140 Rethinking The Compaction Policies in LSM-trees 2025 SIGMOD 5.2208299e-05
9,191 Structural Designs Meet Optimality: Exploring Optimized LSM-tree Structures in A Colossal Configuration Space 2024 SIGMOD 5.20942e-05
9,654 Are Joins over LSM-trees Ready? Take RocksDB as an Example 2025 VLDB 5.142891e-05
9,788 Sharing Opportunities for OLTP Workloads in Different Isolation Levels 2020 VLDB 5.1272255e-05
10,205 DASH: Asynchronous Hardware Data Processing Services 2023 CIDR 5.0593471e-05
10,497 O3-LSM: Maximizing Disaggregated LSM Write Performance via Three-Layer Offloading 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,663 Improving Range Scan Performance in LSM-trees with Group Caching 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,774 Kirin: Efficient In-Storage Learned Compaction for LSM-Trees via System-Algorithm Co-Design 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
11,592 On Reducing Space Amplification with Multi-Column Compaction in Apache IoTDB 2024 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
11,622 Lindorm-UWC: An Ultra-Wide-Column Database for Internet of Vehicles 2024 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
11,850 Confidence Bounded Replica Currency Estimation 2022 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 15 of 15 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
63 Amazon Aurora: Design Considerations for High Throughput Cloud-Native Relational Databases 2017 SIGMOD 0.00038521221
229 A Study of Index Structures for Main Memory Database Management Systems 1986 VLDB 0.00023915204
258 bLSM: A General Purpose Log Structured Merge Tree 2012 SIGMOD 0.00022932099
436 Optimizing Space Amplification in RocksDB 2017 CIDR 0.00018312911
546 Faster: A Concurrent Key-Value Store with In-Place Updates 2018 SIGMOD 0.00016584272
547 Improving Index Performance through Prefetching 2001 SIGMOD 0.00016575635
753 Dostoevsky: Better Space-Time Trade-Offs for LSM-Tree Based Key-Value Stores via Adaptive Removal of Superfluous Merging 2018 SIGMOD 0.00014232329
817 SlimDB: A Space-Efficient Key-Value Storage Engine For Semi-Sorted Data 2017 VLDB 0.00013685662
968 Incremental Organization for Data Recording and Warehousing 1997 VLDB 0.00012793641
1,075 Cache-Oblivious String B-trees 2006 PODS 0.00012157749
1,218 PolarFS: An Ultra-low Latency and Failure Resilient Distributed File System for Shared Storage Cloud Database 2018 VLDB 0.00011484231
1,398 LLAMA: A Cache/Storage Subsystem for Modern Hardware 2013 VLDB 0.00010778761
1,631 Positional Update Handling in Column Stores 2010 SIGMOD 0.00010019069
2,766 LogBase: A Scalable Log-structured Database System in the Cloud 2012 VLDB 8.039771e-05
3,345 Cache Tables: Paving the Way for an Adaptive Database Cache 2003 VLDB 7.3914225e-05
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