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Learning to Optimize LSM-trees: Towards A Reinforcement Learning based Key-Value Store for Dynamic Workloads

Summary: RusKey pioneers online LSM-tree design and RL-guided LSM transformations for dynamic workloads. FLSM-tree enables efficient transitions between compaction policies without workload priors, delivering up to 4× end-to-end performance vs RocksDB. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
hfbf619f14249df0d
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2023
Pagerank
5.8788211e-05
Overall Rank
6,124 | 58.83%
DOI
10.1145/3617333

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{mo_sigmod23,
        title = {{Learning to Optimize LSM-trees: Towards A Reinforcement Learning based Key-Value Store for Dynamic Workloads}},
        author = {Mo, Dingheng and Chen, Fanchao and Luo, Siqiang and Shan, Caihua},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '23},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3617333},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3617333},
        year = {2023}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 16 of 16 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
4,750 GRF: A Global Range Filter for LSM-Trees with Shape Encoding 2024 SIGMOD 6.4354422e-05
4,875 Oasis: An Optimal Disjoint Segmented Learned Range Filter 2024 VLDB 6.3724016e-05
7,905 CAMAL: Optimizing LSM-trees via Active Learning 2024 SIGMOD 5.4291824e-05
8,221 ArceKV: Towards Workload-driven LSM-compactions for Key-Value Store Under Dynamic Workloads 2026 VLDB 5.3759492e-05
8,753 A New Paradigm in Tuning Learned Indexes: A Reinforcement Learning Enhanced Approach 2025 SIGMOD 5.2846898e-05
9,056 Aster: Enhancing LSM-structures for Scalable Graph Database 2025 SIGMOD 5.2295363e-05
9,130 Rethinking The Compaction Policies in LSM-trees 2025 SIGMOD 5.2233025e-05
9,181 Structural Designs Meet Optimality: Exploring Optimized LSM-tree Structures in A Colossal Configuration Space 2024 SIGMOD 5.2118872e-05
9,646 Are Joins over LSM-trees Ready? Take RocksDB as an Example 2025 VLDB 5.1453267e-05
10,480 Mathematical Foundations of Poisoning Attacks on Linear Regression over Cumulative Distribution Functions 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,652 Improving Range Scan Performance in LSM-trees with Group Caching 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,844 Rethinking Learned Index and LSM-tree Integration 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,856 How Much Can RocksDB Chew? Achieving Near-Zero Write Stalls with Sustainable RocksDB 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,342 DobLIX: A Dual-Objective Learned Index for Log-Structured Merge Trees 2025 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,430 AXE: A Task Decomposition Approach to Learned LSM Tuning 2025 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,576 TIGER: Training Inductive Graph Neural Network for Large-scale Knowledge Graph Reasoning 2024 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 33 of 33 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
40 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00046284649
78 Automatic Database Management System Tuning Through Large-scale Machine Learning 2017 SIGMOD 0.00036684414
224 Self-Driving Database Management Systems 2017 CIDR 0.00024013745
236 LinkBench: a Database Benchmark Based on the Facebook Social Graph 2013 SIGMOD 0.00023671522
258 bLSM: A General Purpose Log Structured Merge Tree 2012 SIGMOD 0.00022939599
314 An End-to-End Automatic Cloud Database Tuning System Using Deep Reinforcement Learning 2019 SIGMOD 0.00021282642
400 Monkey: Optimal Navigable Key-Value Store 2017 SIGMOD 0.00019129175
437 QTune: A Query-Aware Database Tuning System with Deep Reinforcement Learning 2019 VLDB 0.00018315867
460 Query-based Workload Forecasting for Self-Driving Database Management Systems 2018 SIGMOD 0.00017842695
585 Workload-Aware Database Monitoring and Consolidation 2011 SIGMOD 0.00015949541
754 Dostoevsky: Better Space-Time Trade-Offs for LSM-Tree Based Key-Value Stores via Adaptive Removal of Superfluous Merging 2018 SIGMOD 0.00014236015
816 SlimDB: A Space-Efficient Key-Value Storage Engine For Semi-Sorted Data 2017 VLDB 0.00013687311
891 SuRF: Practical Range Query Filtering with Fast Succinct Tries 2018 SIGMOD 0.00013245926
922 AsterixDB: A Scalable, Open Source BDMS 2014 VLDB 0.00013068048
1,289 An Inquiry into Machine Learning-based Automatic Configuration Tuning Services on Real-World Database Management Systems 2021 VLDB 0.00011162479
1,313 X-Engine: An Optimized Storage Engine for Large-scale E-commerce Transaction Processing 2019 SIGMOD 0.00011060108
1,422 The Log-Structured Merge-Bush & the Wacky Continuum 2019 SIGMOD 0.00010725538
1,569 Compaction management in distributed key-value datastores 2015 VLDB 0.00010211433
1,889 Design Continuums and the Path Toward Self-Designing Key-Value Stores that Know and Learn 2019 CIDR 9.4273689e-05
1,980 Chucky: A Succinct Cuckoo Filter for LSM-Tree 2021 SIGMOD 9.2595896e-05
2,664 Rosetta: A Robust Space-Time Optimized Range Filter for Key-Value Stores 2020 SIGMOD 8.1569551e-05
2,770 Constructing and Analyzing the LSM Compaction Design Space 2021 VLDB 8.037607e-05
2,788 Lethe: A Tunable Delete-Aware LSM Engine 2020 SIGMOD 8.0133966e-05
2,868 Spooky: Granulating LSM-Tree Compactions Correctly 2022 VLDB 7.9241972e-05
2,995 Accordion: Better Memory Organization for LSM Key-Value Stores 2018 VLDB 7.7705434e-05
3,232 TreeLine: An Update-In-Place Key-Value Store for Modern Storage 2023 VLDB 7.50343e-05
3,479 Cosine: A Cloud-Cost Optimized Self-Designing Key-Value Storage Engine 2022 VLDB 7.2695068e-05
3,671 Leaper: A Learned Prefetcher for Cache Invalidation in LSM-tree based Storage Engines 2020 VLDB 7.1100217e-05
4,197 Proteus: A Self-Designing Range Filter 2022 SIGMOD 6.7417716e-05
4,946 A Comparative Study of Secondary Indexing Techniques in LSM-based NoSQL Databases 2018 SIGMOD 6.3435811e-05
5,018 Breaking Down Memory Walls: Adaptive Memory Management in LSM-based Storage Systems 2021 VLDB 6.3121723e-05
5,044 Lightweight Cardinality Estimation in LSM-based Systems 2018 SIGMOD 6.30014e-05
5,248 Endure: A Robust Tuning Paradigm for LSM Trees Under Workload Uncertainty 2022 VLDB 6.211056e-05
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