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Are Joins over LSM-trees Ready? Take RocksDB as an Example

Summary: Exhaustive study and benchmark of join methods over LSM-trees (RocksDB), defining a configuration space of join algorithms, secondary index designs, and consistency strategies. Theoretical cost analysis plus unified implementations show how LSM read/write trade-offs reorder join performance and yield practical selection guidance. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
ha232324620f47c29
Venue
VLDB
Year
2025
Pagerank
5.1453267e-05
Overall Rank
9,646 | 35.15%
DOI
10.14778/3717755.3717767

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{yu_vldb25,
        title = {{Are Joins over LSM-trees Ready? Take RocksDB as an Example}},
        author = {Yu, Weiping and Wang, Fan and Zhang, Xuwei and Luo, Siqiang},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '25},
        volume = {14},
        number = {4},
        pages = {1077--1090},
        doi = {10.14778/3717755.3717767},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3717755.3717767},
        year = {2025}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 1 of 1 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
11,063 Terark-DS: A High-Performance and Storage-Efficient Key-Value Separation Storage Engine on Disaggregated Storage 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 45 of 45 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
7 Implementation Techniques For Main Memory Database Systems 1984 SIGMOD 0.00081992507
15 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00061066921
145 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.0002908188
185 CockroachDB: The Resilient Geo-Distributed SQL Database 2020 SIGMOD 0.00026072278
236 LinkBench: a Database Benchmark Based on the Facebook Social Graph 2013 SIGMOD 0.00023671522
318 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00021167555
362 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00019989474
400 Monkey: Optimal Navigable Key-Value Store 2017 SIGMOD 0.00019129175
461 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.00017829982
463 The PGM-index: a fully-dynamic compressed learned index with provable worst-case bounds 2020 VLDB 0.00017804544
512 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00017050173
560 Plan-Structured Deep Neural Network Models for Query Performance Prediction 2019 VLDB 0.00016403151
754 Dostoevsky: Better Space-Time Trade-Offs for LSM-Tree Based Key-Value Stores via Adaptive Removal of Superfluous Merging 2018 SIGMOD 0.00014236015
848 Benchmarking Learned Indexes 2021 VLDB 0.00013506188
922 AsterixDB: A Scalable, Open Source BDMS 2014 VLDB 0.00013068048
1,147 MyRocks: LSM-Tree Database Storage Engine Serving Facebook's Social Graph 2020 VLDB 0.00011813751
1,266 An Experimental Comparison of Thirteen Relational Equi-Joins in Main Memory 2016 SIGMOD 0.00011269175
1,303 Realtime Data Processing at Facebook 2016 SIGMOD 0.0001110427
1,313 X-Engine: An Optimized Storage Engine for Large-scale E-commerce Transaction Processing 2019 SIGMOD 0.00011060108
1,422 The Log-Structured Merge-Bush & the Wacky Continuum 2019 SIGMOD 0.00010725538
1,605 The Data Calculator*: Data Structure Design and Cost Synthesis from First Principles and Learned Cost Models 2018 SIGMOD 0.00010093796
1,734 Flow-Loss: Learning Cardinality Estimates That Matter 2021 VLDB 9.7545773e-05
1,889 Design Continuums and the Path Toward Self-Designing Key-Value Stores that Know and Learn 2019 CIDR 9.4273689e-05
2,664 Rosetta: A Robust Space-Time Optimized Range Filter for Key-Value Stores 2020 SIGMOD 8.1569551e-05
2,846 FactorJoin: A New Cardinality Estimation Framework for Join Queries 2023 SIGMOD 7.9453616e-05
2,868 Spooky: Granulating LSM-Tree Compactions Correctly 2022 VLDB 7.9241972e-05
2,995 Accordion: Better Memory Organization for LSM Key-Value Stores 2018 VLDB 7.7705434e-05
3,052 A Unified Deep Model of Learning from both Data and Queries for Cardinality Estimation 2021 SIGMOD 7.7052471e-05
3,479 Cosine: A Cloud-Cost Optimized Self-Designing Key-Value Storage Engine 2022 VLDB 7.2695068e-05
4,197 Proteus: A Self-Designing Range Filter 2022 SIGMOD 6.7417716e-05
4,217 A Disk-Based Join With Probabilistic Guarantees* 2005 SIGMOD 6.7271293e-05
4,758 SQLite: Past, Present, and Future 2022 VLDB 6.4318211e-05
4,772 LogKV: Exploiting Key-Value Stores for Event Log Processing 2013 CIDR 6.4229185e-05
4,875 Oasis: An Optimal Disjoint Segmented Learned Range Filter 2024 VLDB 6.3724016e-05
4,946 A Comparative Study of Secondary Indexing Techniques in LSM-based NoSQL Databases 2018 SIGMOD 6.3435811e-05
5,018 Breaking Down Memory Walls: Adaptive Memory Management in LSM-based Storage Systems 2021 VLDB 6.3121723e-05
5,044 Lightweight Cardinality Estimation in LSM-based Systems 2018 SIGMOD 6.30014e-05
5,248 Endure: A Robust Tuning Paradigm for LSM Trees Under Workload Uncertainty 2022 VLDB 6.211056e-05
6,124 Learning to Optimize LSM-trees: Towards A Reinforcement Learning based Key-Value Store for Dynamic Workloads 2023 SIGMOD 5.8788211e-05
7,410 POLAR: Adaptive and Non-invasive Join Order Selection via Plans of Least Resistance 2024 VLDB 5.5342768e-05
7,594 Efficient Data Ingestion and Query Processing for LSM-Based Storage Systems 2019 VLDB 5.4879453e-05
7,905 CAMAL: Optimizing LSM-trees via Active Learning 2024 SIGMOD 5.4291824e-05
8,403 The Case for Learned In-Memory Joins 2023 VLDB 5.3389852e-05
9,064 A Design Space Exploration and Evaluation for Main-Memory Hash Joins in Storage Class Memory 2023 VLDB 5.2283159e-05
9,181 Structural Designs Meet Optimality: Exploring Optimized LSM-tree Structures in A Colossal Configuration Space 2024 SIGMOD 5.2118872e-05
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