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Are Joins over LSM-trees Ready? Take RocksDB as an Example

Summary: Exhaustive study and benchmark of join methods over LSM-trees (RocksDB), defining a configuration space of join algorithms, secondary index designs, and consistency strategies. Theoretical cost analysis plus unified implementations show how LSM read/write trade-offs reorder join performance and yield practical selection guidance. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
ha232324620f47c29
Venue
VLDB
Year
2025
Pagerank
5.142891e-05
Overall Rank
9,654 | 35.12%
DOI
10.14778/3717755.3717767
PDF
Download (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{yu_vldb25,
        title = {{Are Joins over LSM-trees Ready? Take RocksDB as an Example}},
        author = {Yu, Weiping and Wang, Fan and Zhang, Xuwei and Luo, Siqiang},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '25},
        volume = {14},
        number = {4},
        pages = {1077--1090},
        doi = {10.14778/3717755.3717767},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3717755.3717767},
        year = {2025}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 1 of 1 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
11,072 Terark-DS: A High-Performance and Storage-Efficient Key-Value Separation Storage Engine on Disaggregated Storage 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 45 of 45 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
7 Implementation Techniques For Main Memory Database Systems 1984 SIGMOD 0.00081971778
15 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00061067652
144 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.00029090793
185 CockroachDB: The Resilient Geo-Distributed SQL Database 2020 SIGMOD 0.00026060465
236 LinkBench: a Database Benchmark Based on the Facebook Social Graph 2013 SIGMOD 0.00023664907
318 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00021166957
361 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00020000855
400 Monkey: Optimal Navigable Key-Value Store 2017 SIGMOD 0.00019124757
458 The PGM-index: a fully-dynamic compressed learned index with provable worst-case bounds 2020 VLDB 0.00017880664
462 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.00017836105
510 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00017059914
560 Plan-Structured Deep Neural Network Models for Query Performance Prediction 2019 VLDB 0.00016408613
753 Dostoevsky: Better Space-Time Trade-Offs for LSM-Tree Based Key-Value Stores via Adaptive Removal of Superfluous Merging 2018 SIGMOD 0.00014232329
835 Benchmarking Learned Indexes 2021 VLDB 0.00013575971
921 AsterixDB: A Scalable, Open Source BDMS 2014 VLDB 0.00013064043
1,147 MyRocks: LSM-Tree Database Storage Engine Serving Facebook's Social Graph 2020 VLDB 0.00011810023
1,267 An Experimental Comparison of Thirteen Relational Equi-Joins in Main Memory 2016 SIGMOD 0.00011265987
1,303 Realtime Data Processing at Facebook 2016 SIGMOD 0.00011101274
1,313 X-Engine: An Optimized Storage Engine for Large-scale E-commerce Transaction Processing 2019 SIGMOD 0.00011055196
1,422 The Log-Structured Merge-Bush & the Wacky Continuum 2019 SIGMOD 0.00010720711
1,606 The Data Calculator*: Data Structure Design and Cost Synthesis from First Principles and Learned Cost Models 2018 SIGMOD 0.00010091937
1,735 Flow-Loss: Learning Cardinality Estimates That Matter 2021 VLDB 9.7566604e-05
1,891 Design Continuums and the Path Toward Self-Designing Key-Value Stores that Know and Learn 2019 CIDR 9.4233024e-05
2,664 Rosetta: A Robust Space-Time Optimized Range Filter for Key-Value Stores 2020 SIGMOD 8.1532061e-05
2,844 FactorJoin: A New Cardinality Estimation Framework for Join Queries 2023 SIGMOD 7.9446987e-05
2,868 Spooky: Granulating LSM-Tree Compactions Correctly 2022 VLDB 7.9205462e-05
2,996 Accordion: Better Memory Organization for LSM Key-Value Stores 2018 VLDB 7.7670057e-05
3,053 A Unified Deep Model of Learning from both Data and Queries for Cardinality Estimation 2021 SIGMOD 7.7041081e-05
3,480 Cosine: A Cloud-Cost Optimized Self-Designing Key-Value Storage Engine 2022 VLDB 7.2661848e-05
4,198 Proteus: A Self-Designing Range Filter 2022 SIGMOD 6.7385809e-05
4,218 A Disk-Based Join With Probabilistic Guarantees* 2005 SIGMOD 6.7242128e-05
4,760 SQLite: Past, Present, and Future 2022 VLDB 6.4288554e-05
4,775 LogKV: Exploiting Key-Value Stores for Event Log Processing 2013 CIDR 6.4199958e-05
4,878 Oasis: An Optimal Disjoint Segmented Learned Range Filter 2024 VLDB 6.369385e-05
4,943 A Comparative Study of Secondary Indexing Techniques in LSM-based NoSQL Databases 2018 SIGMOD 6.3423449e-05
5,022 Breaking Down Memory Walls: Adaptive Memory Management in LSM-based Storage Systems 2021 VLDB 6.309271e-05
5,047 Lightweight Cardinality Estimation in LSM-based Systems 2018 SIGMOD 6.2972183e-05
5,250 Endure: A Robust Tuning Paradigm for LSM Trees Under Workload Uncertainty 2022 VLDB 6.2092552e-05
6,123 Learning to Optimize LSM-trees: Towards A Reinforcement Learning based Key-Value Store for Dynamic Workloads 2023 SIGMOD 5.8771312e-05
7,413 POLAR: Adaptive and Non-invasive Join Order Selection via Plans of Least Resistance 2024 VLDB 5.5316834e-05
7,593 Efficient Data Ingestion and Query Processing for LSM-Based Storage Systems 2019 VLDB 5.4870235e-05
7,909 CAMAL: Optimizing LSM-trees via Active Learning 2024 SIGMOD 5.4266123e-05
8,402 The Case for Learned In-Memory Joins 2023 VLDB 5.3375308e-05
9,073 A Design Space Exploration and Evaluation for Main-Memory Hash Joins in Storage Class Memory 2023 VLDB 5.2258409e-05
9,191 Structural Designs Meet Optimality: Exploring Optimized LSM-tree Structures in A Colossal Configuration Space 2024 SIGMOD 5.20942e-05
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