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Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer

Summary: Neo (Neural Optimizer) uses deep neural networks to generate query execution plans, offering a learning-based alternative to hand-tuned optimizers. Bootstrapped from traditional optimizers, it learns from live queries, adapts to data patterns, is robust to estimation errors, and can match or surpass state-of-the-art engines. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
12047
Venue
VLDB
Year
2019
Pagerank
0.00028726181
Overall Rank
154 | 98.95%
DOI
10.14778/3342263.3342644

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{marcus_vldb19,
        title = {{Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer}},
        author = {Marcus, Ryan and Negi, Parimarjan and Mao, Hongzi and Zhang, Chi and Alizadeh, Mohammad and Kraska, Tim and Papaemmanouil, Olga and Tatbul, Nesime},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '19},
        volume = {12},
        number = {11},
        pages = {1705--1718},
        doi = {10.14778/3342263.3342644},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3342263.3342644},
        year = {2019}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 174 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
4,468 One Model to Rule them All: Towards Zero-Shot Learning for Databases 2022 CIDR 6.6819041e-05
4,470 Kepler: Robust Learning for Faster Parametric Query Optimization 2023 SIGMOD 6.6817353e-05
4,603 The Art of Balance: A RateupDB Experience of Building a CPU/GPU Hybrid Database Product 2021 VLDB 6.6105578e-05
4,612 Warper: Efficiently Adapting Learned Cardinality Estimators to Data and Workload Drifts 2022 SIGMOD 6.6072026e-05
4,643 Learned Index Benefits: Machine Learning Based Index Performance Estimation 2022 VLDB 6.5907466e-05
4,671 PreQR: Pre-training Representation for SQL Understanding 2022 SIGMOD 6.5732787e-05
4,900 COMPASS: Online Sketch-based Query Optimization for In-Memory Databases 2021 SIGMOD 6.4534715e-05
4,929 AutoSteer: Learned Query Optimization for Any SQL Database 2023 VLDB 6.4423294e-05
5,011 Monotonic Cardinality Estimation of Similarity Selection: A Deep Learning Approach 2020 SIGMOD 6.4020848e-05
5,059 Steering Query Optimizers: A Practical Take on Big Data Workloads 2021 SIGMOD 6.3807509e-05
5,107 Stage: Query Execution Time Prediction in Amazon Redshift 2024 SIGMOD 6.3623786e-05
5,148 LSched: A Workload-Aware Learned Query Scheduler for Analytical Database Systems 2022 SIGMOD 6.3465986e-05
5,277 FASTgres: Making Learned Query Optimizer Hinting Effective 2023 VLDB 6.2859099e-05
5,340 Machine Learning for Databases 2021 VLDB 6.2603359e-05
5,354 Can Large Language Models Predict Data Correlations from Column Names? 2023 VLDB 6.2515841e-05
5,388 Fine-Grained Modeling and Optimization for Intelligent Resource Management in Big Data Processing 2022 VLDB 6.2362811e-05
5,394 Leveraging Query Logs and Machine Learning for Parametric Query Optimization 2022 VLDB 6.2336084e-05
5,573 Eraser: Eliminating Performance Regression on Learned Query Optimizer 2024 VLDB 6.1682747e-05
5,701 Lemo: A Cache-Enhanced Learned Optimizer for Concurrent Queries 2023 SIGMOD 6.1167049e-05
5,712 Sample-Efficient Cardinality Estimation Using Geometric Deep Learning 2024 VLDB 6.1123894e-05
5,767 A Comparative Study and Component Analysis of Query Plan Representation Techniques in ML4DB Studies 2024 VLDB 6.0945741e-05
5,792 Pre-training Summarization Models of Structured Datasets for Cardinality Estimation 2022 VLDB 6.0871213e-05
5,974 Towards instance-optimized data systems 2021 VLDB 6.0230488e-05
6,024 Expand your Training Limits! Generating Training Data for ML-based Data Management 2021 SIGMOD 6.0031118e-05
6,132 Detect, Distill and Update: Learned DB Systems Facing Out of Distribution Data 2023 SIGMOD 5.9660278e-05
6,262 Mosaic: A Sample-Based Database System for Open World Query Processing 2020 CIDR 5.9361728e-05
6,271 Is Your Learned Query Optimizer Behaving As You Expect? A Machine Learning Perspective 2024 VLDB 5.9326197e-05
6,323 Modeling Shifting Workloads for Learned Database Systems 2024 SIGMOD 5.9141228e-05
6,357 A Unified Transferable Model for ML-Enhanced DBMS 2022 CIDR 5.9020843e-05
6,434 Yannakakis+: Practical Acyclic Query Evaluation with Theoretical Guarantees 2025 SIGMOD 5.8799421e-05
6,462 PilotScope: Steering Databases with Machine Learning Drivers 2024 VLDB 5.8717744e-05
6,543 Speeding Up End-to-end Query Execution via Learning-based Progressive Cardinality Estimation 2023 SIGMOD 5.8461929e-05
6,593 Simple Adaptive Query Processing vs. Learned Query Optimizers: Observations and Analysis 2023 VLDB 5.8297039e-05
6,704 ASM: Harmonizing Autoregressive Model, Sampling, and Multi-dimensional Statistics Merging for Cardinality Estimation 2024 SIGMOD 5.797374e-05
6,735 Join Order Selection with Deep Reinforcement Learning: Fundamentals, Techniques, and Challenges 2023 VLDB 5.7878855e-05
6,760 LPLM: A Neural Language Model for Cardinality Estimation of LIKE-Queries 2024 SIGMOD 5.7826781e-05
6,874 SALI: A Scalable Adaptive Learned Index Framework based on Probability Models 2023 SIGMOD 5.7489487e-05
6,921 Rethinking Learned Cost Models: Why Start from Scratch? 2023 SIGMOD 5.7388557e-05
6,939 Multi-Tenant Cloud Data Services: State-of-the-Art, Challenges and Opportunities 2022 SIGMOD 5.7338637e-05
7,076 Refactoring Index Tuning Process with Benefit Estimation 2024 VLDB 5.7098893e-05
7,193 dbET: Execution Time Distribution-based Plan Selection 2023 SIGMOD 5.6770249e-05
7,206 Selectivity Functions of Range Queries are Learnable* 2022 SIGMOD 5.6731116e-05
7,213 Scalable Multi-Query Execution using Reinforcement Learning 2021 SIGMOD 5.670422e-05
7,580 Sibyl: Forecasting Time-Evolving Query Workloads 2024 SIGMOD 5.5925285e-05
7,661 Machine Learning for Cloud Data Systems: the Progress so far and the Path Forward 2021 VLDB 5.5736026e-05
7,755 Blueprinting the Cloud: Unifying and Automatically Optimizing Cloud Data Infrastructures with BRAD 2024 VLDB 5.5519655e-05
7,809 Can Large Language Models Be Query Optimizer for Relational Databases? 2026 SIGMOD 5.5399022e-05
7,825 RCRank: Multimodal Ranking of Root Causes of Slow Queries in Cloud Database Systems 2025 VLDB 5.5367884e-05
7,846 The Holon Approach for Simultaneously Tuning Multiple Components in a Self-Driving Database Management System with Machine Learning via Synthesized Proto-Actions 2024 VLDB 5.5331459e-05
7,882 Efficiently Computing Join Orders with Heuristic Search 2023 SIGMOD 5.5237338e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 14 of 14 cited papers.

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