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X-Engine: An Optimized Storage Engine for Large-scale E-commerce Transaction Processing

Summary: X-Engine: a write-optimized storage engine for large-scale OLTP in POLARDB, tackling promo-driven bursts and hot-record skew. Key ideas: tiered storage with LSM-tree, FPGA-accelerated compactions, asynchronous writes, and incremental cache replacement. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
5654
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2019
Pagerank
0.00010050776
Overall Rank
1,932 | 86.58%
DOI
10.1145/3299869.3314041

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 44 of 44 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1,721 Cloud-Native Database Systems at Alibaba: Opportunities and Challenges 2019 VLDB 0.00010741822
2,337 PolarDB Serverless: A Cloud Native Database for Disaggregated Data Centers 2021 SIGMOD 9.0092781e-05
2,508 LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory 2020 VLDB 8.6251065e-05
2,797 Chucky: A Succinct Cuckoo Filter for LSM-Tree 2021 SIGMOD 8.1116755e-05
3,363 Lethe: A Tunable Delete-Aware LSM Engine 2020 SIGMOD 7.1680649e-05
3,692 iBTune: Individualized Buffer Tuning for Large-scale Cloud Databases 2019 VLDB 6.8328808e-05
3,797 Constructing and Analyzing the LSM Compaction Design Space 2021 VLDB 6.7552936e-05
3,970 Spooky: Granulating LSM-Tree Compactions Correctly 2022 VLDB 6.5756727e-05
4,447 MorphoSys: Automatic Physical Design Metamorphosis for Distributed Database Systems 2020 VLDB 6.1745324e-05
4,500 GaccO - A GPU-accelerated OLTP DBMS 2022 SIGMOD 6.1326735e-05
4,572 Leaper: A Learned Prefetcher for Cache Invalidation in LSM-tree based Storage Engines 2020 VLDB 6.068399e-05
4,659 Nova-LSM: A Distributed, Component-based LSM-tree Key-value Store 2021 SIGMOD 6.0076537e-05
4,920 On Performance Stability in LSM-based Storage Systems 2020 VLDB 5.8262404e-05
5,801 Dissecting, Designing, and Optimizing LSM-based Data Stores 2022 SIGMOD 5.3217858e-05
5,868 GRF: A Global Range Filter for LSM-Trees with Shape Encoding 2024 SIGMOD 5.2928769e-05
5,920 Breaking Down Memory Walls: Adaptive Memory Management in LSM-based Storage Systems 2021 VLDB 5.2686888e-05
6,154 PolarDB-IMCI: A Cloud-Native HTAP Database System at Alibaba 2023 SIGMOD 5.1795738e-05
6,186 Dotori: A Key-Value SSD Based KV Store 2023 VLDB 5.1616749e-05
6,242 Optimizing In-memory Database Engine for AI-powered On-line Decision Augmentation Using Persistent Memory 2021 VLDB 5.1351431e-05
6,394 Endure: A Robust Tuning Paradigm for LSM Trees Under Workload Uncertainty 2022 VLDB 5.0770427e-05
6,674 Halo: A Hybrid PMem-DRAM Persistent Hash Index with Fast Recovery 2022 SIGMOD 4.9619472e-05
7,092 Revisiting the Design of LSM-tree Based OLTP Storage Engine with Persistent Memory 2021 VLDB 4.83025e-05
7,336 SaS: SSD as SQL Database System 2021 VLDB 4.7533353e-05
7,623 Learning to Optimize LSM-trees: Towards A Reinforcement Learning based Key-Value Store for Dynamic Workloads 2023 SIGMOD 4.6890662e-05
7,694 LSMGraph: A High-Performance Dynamic Graph Storage System with Multi-Level CSR 2024 SIGMOD 4.6712753e-05
7,805 Hardware Acceleration of Compression and Encryption in SAP HANA 2022 VLDB 4.642406e-05
8,011 CAMAL: Optimizing LSM-trees via Active Learning 2024 SIGMOD 4.6022693e-05
8,333 How to Grow an LSM-tree? Towards Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice 2025 SIGMOD 4.5390511e-05
8,490 SA-LSM: Optimize Data Layout for LSM-tree Based Storage using Survival Analysis 2022 VLDB 4.494994e-05
8,624 Limousine: Blending Learned and Classical Indexes to Self-Design Larger-than-Memory Cloud Storage Engines 2024 SIGMOD 4.4786127e-05
8,656 Modernization of Databases in the Cloud Era: Building Databases that Run like Legos 2023 VLDB 4.4686462e-05
8,804 ArceKV: Towards Workload-driven LSM-compactions for Key-Value Store Under Dynamic Workloads 2026 VLDB 4.4424232e-05
9,069 Structural Designs Meet Optimality: Exploring Optimized LSM-tree Structures in A Colossal Configuration Space 2024 SIGMOD 4.3983078e-05
9,322 Are Joins over LSM-trees Ready? Take RocksDB as an Example 2025 VLDB 4.351469e-05
9,390 Rethinking The Compaction Policies in LSM-trees 2025 SIGMOD 4.341433e-05
9,459 Sharing Opportunities for OLTP Workloads in Different Isolation Levels 2020 VLDB 4.3340981e-05
9,529 Mnemosyne: Dynamic Workload-Aware BF Tuning via Accurate Statistics in LSM trees 2025 SIGMOD 4.3251912e-05
9,881 DASH: Asynchronous Hardware Data Processing Services 2023 CIDR 4.2602815e-05
10,176 Improving Range Scan Performance in LSM-trees with Group Caching 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,379 Aster: Enhancing LSM-structures for Scalable Graph Database 2025 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,516 SwiftSpatial: Spatial Joins on Modern Hardware 2025 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
11,052 On Reducing Space Amplification with Multi-Column Compaction in Apache IoTDB 2024 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
11,091 Lindorm-UWC: An Ultra-Wide-Column Database for Internet of Vehicles 2024 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
11,338 Confidence Bounded Replica Currency Estimation 2022 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 15 of 15 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
156 Amazon Aurora: Design Considerations for High Throughput Cloud-Native Relational Databases 2017 SIGMOD 0.00040580118
235 A Study of Index Structures for Main Memory Database Management Systems 1986 VLDB 0.00031980259
379 bLSM: A General Purpose Log Structured Merge Tree 2012 SIGMOD 0.00024954332
568 Optimizing Space Amplification in RocksDB 2017 CIDR 0.00019932335
622 Improving Index Performance through Prefetching 2001 SIGMOD 0.00018976783
892 Faster: A Concurrent Key-Value Store with In-Place Updates 2018 SIGMOD 0.00015522869
1,071 Incremental Organization for Data Recording and Warehousing 1997 VLDB 0.00014265647
1,113 Cache-Oblivious String B-trees 2006 PODS 0.00013885755
1,309 Dostoevsky: Better Space-Time Trade-Offs for LSM-Tree Based Key-Value Stores via Adaptive Removal of Superfluous Merging 2018 SIGMOD 0.00012655712
1,368 SlimDB: A Space-Efficient Key-Value Storage Engine For Semi-Sorted Data 2017 VLDB 0.0001235708
1,593 PolarFS: An Ultra-low Latency and Failure Resilient Distributed File System for Shared Storage Cloud Database 2018 VLDB 0.00011214218
1,772 LLAMA: A Cache/Storage Subsystem for Modern Hardware 2013 VLDB 0.00010603139
1,949 Positional Update Handling in Column Stores 2010 SIGMOD 9.9934641e-05
2,691 LogBase: A Scalable Log-structured Database System in the Cloud 2012 VLDB 8.2904613e-05
3,602 Cache Tables: Paving the Way for an Adaptive Database Cache 2003 VLDB 6.9282932e-05
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