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Graph Transformers for Query Plan Representation: Potentials and Challenges

Summary: Finds Graph Transformer Networks (GTNs) excel at query-plan representation (new taxonomy) but degrade with scarce training data. Proposes data augmentation and replacing LM-style components in GTNs, yielding SOTA on JOB/TPC-H/TPC-DS and TPC-DS→TPC-H transfer. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
14404
Venue
VLDB
Year
2025
Pagerank
5.093636e-05
Overall Rank
11,083 | 23.97%
DOI
10.14778/3773731.3773745

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Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{lyu_vldb25,
        title = {{Graph Transformers for Query Plan Representation: Potentials and Challenges}},
        author = {Lyu, Chenghao and Lachaud, Guillaume and Lozano, Gabriel and Diao, Yanlei},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '25},
        volume = {18},
        number = {13},
        pages = {5716--5730},
        doi = {10.14778/3773731.3773745},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3773731.3773745},
        year = {2025}
}

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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 52 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
18 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00059284255
84 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00035838391
86 Automatic Database Management System Tuning Through Large-scale Machine Learning 2017 SIGMOD 0.00035316107
154 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.00028726181
323 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00021264788
347 Tuning Database Configuration Parameters with iTuned 2009 VLDB 0.00020651582
378 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00019638121
388 Preventing Bad Plans by Bounding the Impact of Cardinality Estimation Errors 2009 VLDB 0.00019410042
401 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00019092557
465 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.0001803934
513 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00017190574
563 Plan-Structured Deep Neural Network Models for Query Performance Prediction 2019 VLDB 0.0001650812
694 Cardinality Estimation Done Right: Index-Based Join Sampling 2017 CIDR 0.00014911698
1,241 Balsa: Learning a Query Optimizer Without Expert Demonstrations 2022 SIGMOD 0.00011521639
1,279 AI Meets AI: Leveraging Query Executions to Improve Index Recommendations 2019 SIGMOD 0.00011361878
1,337 DB-BERT: A Database Tuning Tool that "Reads the Manual" 2022 SIGMOD 0.00011117488
1,468 Towards a Learning Optimizer for Shared Clouds 2019 VLDB 0.00010686496
1,573 Deep Learning Models for Selectivity Estimation of Multi-Attribute Queries 2020 SIGMOD 0.00010328171
1,876 Flow-Loss: Learning Cardinality Estimates That Matter 2021 VLDB 9.5717543e-05
1,988 FLAT: Fast, Lightweight and Accurate Method for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 9.3501502e-05
2,298 GPTuner: A Manual-Reading Database Tuning System via GPT-Guided Bayesian Optimization 2024 VLDB 8.7886538e-05
2,344 Towards Cost-Optimal Query Processing in the Cloud 2021 VLDB 8.7199754e-05
2,355 QueryFormer: A Tree Transformer Model for Query Plan Representation 2022 VLDB 8.7022189e-05
2,408 Why TPC Is Not Enough: An Analysis of the Amazon Redshift Fleet 2024 VLDB 8.6154404e-05
2,420 Lero: A Learning-to-Rank Query Optimizer 2023 VLDB 8.605257e-05
2,620 Fauce: Fast and Accurate Deep Ensembles with Uncertainty for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 8.3363963e-05
2,762 Cost-based or Learning-based? A Hybrid Query Optimizer for Query Plan Selection 2022 VLDB 8.1539867e-05
2,822 Cost Models for Big Data Query Processing: Learning, Retrofitting, and Our Findings 2020 SIGMOD 8.0898536e-05
2,844 Zero-Shot Cost Models for Out-of-the-box Learned Cost Prediction 2022 VLDB 8.0608767e-05
3,086 A Unified Deep Model of Learning from both Data and Queries for Cardinality Estimation 2021 SIGMOD 7.7708642e-05
3,116 ResTune: Resource Oriented Tuning Boosted by Meta-Learning for Cloud Databases 2021 SIGMOD 7.7390737e-05
3,338 Robust Query Driven Cardinality Estimation under Changing Workloads 2023 VLDB 7.5068221e-05
3,516 LOGER: A Learned Optimizer towards Generating Efficient and Robust Query Execution Plans 2023 VLDB 7.3524442e-05
3,688 FACE: A Normalizing Flow based Cardinality Estimator 2022 VLDB 7.201795e-05
4,011 Towards Dynamic and Safe Configuration Tuning for Cloud Databases 2022 SIGMOD 6.959982e-05
4,349 ALECE: An Attention-based Learned Cardinality Estimator for SPJ Queries on Dynamic Workloads 2024 VLDB 6.7504619e-05
4,434 LEON: A New Framework for ML-Aided Query Optimization 2023 VLDB 6.7079088e-05
4,854 LOCAT: Low-Overhead Online Configuration Auto-Tuning of Spark SQL Applications 2022 SIGMOD 6.4779623e-05
4,929 AutoSteer: Learned Query Optimization for Any SQL Database 2023 VLDB 6.4423294e-05
5,107 Stage: Query Execution Time Prediction in Amazon Redshift 2024 SIGMOD 6.3623786e-05
5,171 An Efficient Transfer Learning Based Configuration Adviser for Database Tuning 2024 VLDB 6.3347618e-05
5,388 Fine-Grained Modeling and Optimization for Intelligent Resource Management in Big Data Processing 2022 VLDB 6.2362811e-05
5,712 Sample-Efficient Cardinality Estimation Using Geometric Deep Learning 2024 VLDB 6.1123894e-05
5,767 A Comparative Study and Component Analysis of Query Plan Representation Techniques in ML4DB Studies 2024 VLDB 6.0945741e-05
5,983 Adaptive and Robust Query Execution for Lakehouses at Scale 2024 VLDB 6.0206841e-05
6,323 Modeling Shifting Workloads for Learned Database Systems 2024 SIGMOD 5.9141228e-05
6,344 Towards General and Efficient Online Tuning for Spark 2023 VLDB 5.9060457e-05
7,256 Weighted Distinct Sampling: Cardinality Estimation for SPJ Queries 2021 SIGMOD 5.6625146e-05
8,040 PerfGuard: Deploying ML-for-Systems without Performance Regressions, Almost! 2021 VLDB 5.5018396e-05
8,615 A Spark Optimizer for Adaptive, Fine-Grained Parameter Tuning 2024 VLDB 5.4005602e-05
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